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Questioning sessions are an essential part of teachers’ daily instructional activities. Questions are used to assess students’ knowledge and comprehension and to promote learning. The manual creation of such learning material is a laborious and time-consuming task. Research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has shown that Question Generation (QG) systems can be used to efficiently create high-quality learning materials to support teachers in their work and students in their learning process. A number of successful QG applications for education and training have been developed, but these focus mainly on supporting reading materials. However, digital technology is always evolving; there is an ever-growing amount of multimedia content available, and more and more delivery methods for audio-visual content are emerging and easily accessible. At the same time, research provides empirical evidence that multimedia use in the classroom has beneficial effects on student learning. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether QG systems can be used to assist teachers in creating assessment materials from these different types of media that are being employed in classrooms. This thesis serves to explore how NLP tools and techniques can be harnessed to generate questions from non-traditional learning materials, in particular videos. A QG framework which allows the generation of factual questions from video documentaries has been developed and a number of evaluations to analyse the quality of the produced questions have been performed. The developed framework uses several readily available NLP tools to generate questions from the subtitles accompanying a video documentary. The reason for choosing video vii documentaries is two-fold: firstly, they are frequently used by teachers and secondly, their factual nature lends itself well to question generation, as will be explained within the thesis. The questions generated by the framework can be used as a quick way of testing students’ comprehension of what they have learned from the documentary. As part of this research project, the characteristics of documentary videos and their subtitles were analysed and the methodology has been adapted to be able to exploit these characteristics. An evaluation of the system output by domain experts showed promising results but also revealed that generating even shallow questions is a task which is far from trivial. To this end, the evaluation and subsequent error analysis contribute to the literature by highlighting the challenges QG from documentary videos can face. In a user study, it was investigated whether questions generated automatically by the system developed as part of this thesis and a state-of-the-art system can successfully be used to assist multimedia-based learning. Using a novel evaluation methodology, the feasibility of using a QG system’s output as ‘pre-questions’ with different types of prequestions (text-based and with images) used was examined. The psychometric parameters of the automatically generated questions by the two systems and of those generated manually were compared. The results indicate that the presence of pre-questions (preferably with images) improves the performance of test-takers and they highlight that the psychometric parameters of the questions generated by the system are comparable if not better than those of the state-of-the-art system. In another experiment, the productivity of questions in terms of time taken to generate questions manually vs. time taken to post-edit system-generated questions was analysed. A viii post-editing tool which allows for the tracking of several statistics such as edit distance measures, editing time, etc, was used. The quality of questions before and after postediting was also analysed. Not only did the experiments provide quantitative data about automatically and manually generated questions, but qualitative data in the form of user feedback, which provides an insight into how users perceived the quality of questions, was also gathered.

nÃo hà / O trabalho de tese teve por objetivo avaliar a concepÃÃo de ensino, aprendizagem e prÃtica avaliativa, de professores de MatemÃtica, do Ensino MÃdio, de escolas da cidade de Fortaleza. No intuito de atingir o objetivo, partiu-se da perspectiva metodolÃgica de MORIN, pela qual o mÃtodo à um caminho a ser traÃado, à medida que a pesquisa se desenvolve. Utilizou-se a tÃcnica de amostragem e determinou-se a quantidade de 15 escolas, da rede pÃblica, e 10 escolas privada, que seriam pesquisadas, de um universo de 282 escolas. No entanto, o trabalho de pesquisa foi feito em 13 escolas particulares e 17 pÃblicas, sendo entrevistados, ao final, 57 professores de MatemÃtica, em efetivo exercÃcio profissional. Para a coleta de dados foi elaborado um roteiro de entrevista contendo 14 assertivas e 1 questÃo aberta. Para cada assertiva o entrevistado respondeu, inicialmente, à escala (concordo, concordo em parte, discordo) e, a seguir, justificou sua escolha externando sua opiniÃo de forma mais detalhada. Para o registro desse procedimento, usou-se um gravador de fita cassete. Cada entrevista foi gravada, em sua Ãntegra, e depois transcrita usando-se o editor de texto Word for Windows. A anÃlise dos dados foi feita em duas etapas: uma descriÃÃo das respostas por meio da EstatÃstica Descritiva, utilizando-se o programa Statistical Parckage of Social Sciences (SPSS) e uma elaboraÃÃo de categorias por meio do mÃtodo de reduÃÃo fenomenolÃgica de HUSSERL. As categorias finais â prÃtica tradicional de ensino, visÃo renovada de ensino, ensino deficitÃrio, aprendizagem deficiente, Ãnfase no trabalho do professor â direcionaram a anÃlise feita para caracterizar a concepÃÃo dos professores de MatemÃtica, do Ensino MÃdio, sobre ensino, aprendizagem e prÃtica avaliativa. Partindo-se da anÃlise, apontou-se que o professorado possui idÃias consolidadas advindas de suas vivÃncias e prÃticas profissionais, que, estando internalizadas, precisam ser operacionalizadas na prÃtica. Boa parte das idÃias, do professorado, converge para as determinaÃÃes legais expressas nos ParÃmetros Curriculares Nacional para o Ensino MÃdio. / This study has as its objective the evaluation the teaching, learning and assessment practices of mathematic teachers at Intermediate Level Schools in the city of Fortaleza. To attain this object the methodological perspective of MORIN was used. Morin insists that method is a route to be followed as the research develops. The sample was technically arrives at and it determined that 15 public schools and 10 private ones be used in the research from a universe of 282 schools. However, the study in fact covered 13 private schools and 17 public schools. Fifty seven mathematics teachers, currently teaching, were interviewed. The data was collected through interviews containing 14 closed questions and one open one. In each closed question the person being interviewed initially answered as follows on the scale: I agree, I agree in part, I disagree. This was followed by justifying his choice or opinion in more precise detail. All interviews were fully recorded on a tape recorder. Afterwards these recordings were transcribed and edited by the text editor Word for Windows. An analysis of the data was carried out in two stages: a description of the answers by means of Descriptive Statistics, using the program Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) and the elaboration into categories using the phenomenological method of reduction of Husserl. The final categories â traditional practice of teaching, renewed vision of teaching, deficient teaching, emphasis in the work of the teacher, - directed the analysis being carried out to characterize the conception of mathematic teachers at Intermediate Level regarding teaching, learning and academic assessment. The results showed that the teachers have consolidated ideas concerning their professional practice that when internalized need to be put into operation in practice. A considerable part of the teachers ideas are in accordance wit the legal determinations expresses in National Curriculum Parameters for Intermediate Teaching.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de avaliação da educação superior da Enfermagem brasileira na perspectiva da Comissão Assessora de Avaliação para a Enfermagem - INEP. A partir da análise realizada com base nas entrevistas com os membros da referida comissão para a área de Enfermagem foi possível discutir questões referentes às políticas de avaliação da educação superior, levando-se em consideração a expansão e a diversificação desse nível de ensino, a instituição de procedimentos de avaliação estruturados em princípios de flexibilidade e de competitividade, bem como as políticas de saúde, definidas a partir das diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com ênfase na saúde pública. Evidencia-se que o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES), além de apresentar componentes de regulação, possibilita realizar uma avaliação qualitativa, de forma a superar o modelo anterior, determinado pelo Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC), caracterizado pela tendência a estabelecer ranking para o setor. A utilização de instrumento único para a avaliação de cursos, embora evidencie a falta de especificidade para a formação de Enfermagem, assegura a avaliação qualitativa. O avaliador é destacado como elemento central do processo de avaliação de cursos, pela possibilidade de diálogo com as instituições, traduzida em uma modalidade de avaliação formativa. Embora a comissão não estabeleça relação entre avaliação e emprego, a oferta e a ampliação de cursos e vagas determina a necessidade de novos postos de trabalho. A expansão da educação superior apresenta maior crescimento no setor privado, ficando a oferta de vagas no setor público praticamente estagnada, caracterizando a transferência da responsabilidade social do Estado para a livre iniciativa. Apontam-se as Diretrizes Curriculares e as diretrizes do SUS como eixos norteadores para a avaliação da educação superior em Enfermagem, definidoras de um novo paradigma de formação em saúde. Ainda que a intenção da avaliação não seja a de focalizar as especificidades da saúde pública, isso torna-se inevitável, pois o SUS constitui-se neste bojo. Deve-se considerar, também, que o sistema possui componentes de caráter regulatório, que são utilizados para conter a abertura mercantilista de cursos e para zelar pela qualidade da formação. Quanto ao caráter formativo da avaliação, o desafio está em que ela exerça real contribuição na elaboração e desenvolvimento de projetos político-pedagógicos para formar o futuro trabalhador do SUS. / This essay has the objective of analyze the process of evaluation of the higher education on the Brazilian nursing studies under the perspective of the Adviser Committee of Evaluation for Nursing Studies - INEP. From the analysis fulfilled based on the interviews with the members of the so called committee for the nursing field it was possible to open debates on issues concerning to the policies of the higher education evaluation, taking into consideration the expansion and the diversification at this level of education, the settlement of the procedures for evaluation, established on principles of flexibility and competitiveness, as the health policies, determined from the conductresses of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) with emphasis on the public health. It becomes clear that the Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES), besides presenting elements of regulation, makes possible accomplish a qualitative evaluation, in order to overcome the former model, determined by Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC), characterized by the trend of setting a ranking for the sector. The use of a single instrument for evaluation of the courses, although makes clear the lack of speciousness for the nursing graduation, assures the qualitative evaluation. The rater is highlighted as a central element of the evaluation process of courses, due to the possibility of dialog within the institutions, translated into a modality of formative evaluation. Moreover the committee does not establish relationship between the evaluation and employment, the offer and enlargement of courses and openings; it determines the need of new working positions. The expansion of bachelors degrees show a greater growth in the private sector, being the offer of openings in the public sector fairly stagnated, characterizing the transfer of the social responsibility from the government to the private enterprise. It is brought forward the Curriculum conductresses and the - SUS - conductresses as the guiding axles for the evaluation of the higher education on nursing studies, definer of a new paradigm of graduation in health. Even that the primary intention of the evaluation is not to focalize the specificities of the public health, this becomes undeniable, due - SUS - is based on this values. It is also proper to consider, that the system has elements of regulation character, which are not used to detain the creation of mercantilist courses and care for the graduation quality. Due to the formative character of the evaluation, the challenge is settled in the fact that it leads to real contributions on the elaboration and development of politic-pedagogical projects to form the - SUS - workers-to-be.

No description available.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de avaliação da educação superior da Enfermagem brasileira na perspectiva da Comissão Assessora de Avaliação para a Enfermagem - INEP. A partir da análise realizada com base nas entrevistas com os membros da referida comissão para a área de Enfermagem foi possível discutir questões referentes às políticas de avaliação da educação superior, levando-se em consideração a expansão e a diversificação desse nível de ensino, a instituição de procedimentos de avaliação estruturados em princípios de flexibilidade e de competitividade, bem como as políticas de saúde, definidas a partir das diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com ênfase na saúde pública. Evidencia-se que o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES), além de apresentar componentes de regulação, possibilita realizar uma avaliação qualitativa, de forma a superar o modelo anterior, determinado pelo Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC), caracterizado pela tendência a estabelecer ranking para o setor. A utilização de instrumento único para a avaliação de cursos, embora evidencie a falta de especificidade para a formação de Enfermagem, assegura a avaliação qualitativa. O avaliador é destacado como elemento central do processo de avaliação de cursos, pela possibilidade de diálogo com as instituições, traduzida em uma modalidade de avaliação formativa. Embora a comissão não estabeleça relação entre avaliação e emprego, a oferta e a ampliação de cursos e vagas determina a necessidade de novos postos de trabalho. A expansão da educação superior apresenta maior crescimento no setor privado, ficando a oferta de vagas no setor público praticamente estagnada, caracterizando a transferência da responsabilidade social do Estado para a livre iniciativa. Apontam-se as Diretrizes Curriculares e as diretrizes do SUS como eixos norteadores para a avaliação da educação superior em Enfermagem, definidoras de um novo paradigma de formação em saúde. Ainda que a intenção da avaliação não seja a de focalizar as especificidades da saúde pública, isso torna-se inevitável, pois o SUS constitui-se neste bojo. Deve-se considerar, também, que o sistema possui componentes de caráter regulatório, que são utilizados para conter a abertura mercantilista de cursos e para zelar pela qualidade da formação. Quanto ao caráter formativo da avaliação, o desafio está em que ela exerça real contribuição na elaboração e desenvolvimento de projetos político-pedagógicos para formar o futuro trabalhador do SUS. / This essay has the objective of analyze the process of evaluation of the higher education on the Brazilian nursing studies under the perspective of the Adviser Committee of Evaluation for Nursing Studies - INEP. From the analysis fulfilled based on the interviews with the members of the so called committee for the nursing field it was possible to open debates on issues concerning to the policies of the higher education evaluation, taking into consideration the expansion and the diversification at this level of education, the settlement of the procedures for evaluation, established on principles of flexibility and competitiveness, as the health policies, determined from the conductresses of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) with emphasis on the public health. It becomes clear that the Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES), besides presenting elements of regulation, makes possible accomplish a qualitative evaluation, in order to overcome the former model, determined by Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC), characterized by the trend of setting a ranking for the sector. The use of a single instrument for evaluation of the courses, although makes clear the lack of speciousness for the nursing graduation, assures the qualitative evaluation. The rater is highlighted as a central element of the evaluation process of courses, due to the possibility of dialog within the institutions, translated into a modality of formative evaluation. Moreover the committee does not establish relationship between the evaluation and employment, the offer and enlargement of courses and openings; it determines the need of new working positions. The expansion of bachelors degrees show a greater growth in the private sector, being the offer of openings in the public sector fairly stagnated, characterizing the transfer of the social responsibility from the government to the private enterprise. It is brought forward the Curriculum conductresses and the - SUS - conductresses as the guiding axles for the evaluation of the higher education on nursing studies, definer of a new paradigm of graduation in health. Even that the primary intention of the evaluation is not to focalize the specificities of the public health, this becomes undeniable, due - SUS - is based on this values. It is also proper to consider, that the system has elements of regulation character, which are not used to detain the creation of mercantilist courses and care for the graduation quality. Due to the formative character of the evaluation, the challenge is settled in the fact that it leads to real contributions on the elaboration and development of politic-pedagogical projects to form the - SUS - workers-to-be.

Submitted by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T13:22:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO KAHLILVIANNA FGV2.pdf: 1840276 bytes, checksum: 8ade7c9aae84bef9eabd63674f127b20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T13:22:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO KAHLILVIANNA FGV2.pdf: 1840276 bytes, checksum: 8ade7c9aae84bef9eabd63674f127b20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T13:22:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO KAHLILVIANNA FGV2.pdf: 1840276 bytes, checksum: 8ade7c9aae84bef9eabd63674f127b20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-08T13:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO KAHLILVIANNA FGV2.pdf: 1840276 bytes, checksum: 8ade7c9aae84bef9eabd63674f127b20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / This dissertation was carried out in the Business Management course of a high education institution in Belém with the purpose of understanding the main variables which participate in the institutional teaching assessment. Motivated especially by the concern with the quality of teaching currently provided all over the country and seeking to understand how the institutional teaching assessment can serve as a source of information for the decisions taken by the managers of the courses. For such, a descriptive study of the kind 'case study with quantitative approach' was carried out turning to structured interviews applied to the students and their corresponding management teachers, using the multivariable statistical method and the analysis of correspondence for comparison of data collected. With the theoretical support of the references selected by several authors, the outcomes made it possible to identify six questions subject to conclusion, starting from crossing the institutional teaching assessment carried out by the students and the self-assessment completed by the teachers, providing important information for the management of the course above mentioned. So, assessing the paths taken along this process shall be a small contribution with the objective of transforming the teaching assessment process, more and more respected and update in accordance with the new context and the organizational, governmental and market requirements, once it corresponds to the important source of measurements and information for decision taking by the university managers. / Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no curso de Administração de instituição de ensino superior, na cidade de Belém, com o intuito de compreender as principais variáveis que envolvem a avaliação institucional docente. Motivada principalmente pela preocupação com a qualidade do ensino atualmente ofertado em todo o país e buscando entender de que forma a avaliação institucional docente pode servir como fonte de informações para a tomada de decisão por parte da gestão dos cursos. Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, aplicadas aos alunos e a seus respectivos professores Administradores, com a utilização do método estatístico multivariado Análise de Correspondência para confrontação dos dados coletados. Com o suporte teórico do referencial selecionado de diversos autores, os resultados possibilitaram identificar, a partir do cruzamento da avaliação institucional docente realizada pelos alunos e da auto-avaliação respondida pelos professores, seis perguntas passíveis de conclusões, gerando informações importantes para a coordenação do curso em questão. Portanto, avaliar os caminhos percorridos visa uma pequena contribuição na transformação do processo de avaliação docente em processo cada vez mais respeitado e atualizado de acordo com o novo contexto e exigências organizacionais, governamentais e mercadológicas, na medida em que corresponde à importante fonte de medição e informações para tomadas de decisão por parte dos gestores universitários.

Curriculum development involves considerations about curriculum relevance. Thus it is necessary that the curriculum should identify with the needs of the graduate and with professional practice. This requirement shoNAt-hsa t curriculum relevance is not fixed, a view that is consistent with a dynamic, situational approach to curriculum development. The basic categories which define librarianship curriculum development are library activities, theory, innovation, teaching and learning, employers, students. lecturers. These are influential factors in curriculum relevance. Variables in curriculum content such as theory and practice affect curriculum relevance. Librarianship curriculum development should aim at relevance by integrating academic study and practice. Hence, the goal of study towards librarianship education must be focused on the activities performed in library and information services. The need for innovation in library and information services means that novel viewpoints and solutions must be practical. For example, this requirement indicates that curriculum development must take into consideration leamt attributes which are aerieral and transferable in a changing world. This is in view of the employers' requirement that graduates should have critical intellectual ability and the capability to learn rather than their just immediate attributes, skills and knowledge. With teaching and leaming there is abundant rationale for the development of more effective delivery systems than traditional lecturing. If outcome-based learning is valued, individualised, self-directed learning is a prerequisite. The practices of the task-based curriculum, with its focus on student learning and on the development of transferable skills more closely approximate the ideal approaches to librarianship education. The teaching of transferable skills is more likely to define the conditions under which critical reasoning can develop. It has an advantage over the students' abilities to learn to function in the profession outside the university and for continuous development. In this respect task-based education has much wider implications than that of simply providing students with skills. Professional practice does not always fit with the curriculum that is developed by the experts. The expert-developed curriculum also poses a problem for those who interpret it, learn it and receive the products. Thus, a strong joint partnership in which the library and the library school are both recognised in curriculum development is essential if the profession is to fulfil effectively its unique role in society.

There has been an increasing amount of interest shown in vocational education and apprenticeships in the early twenty-first century by successive governments and other parties connected with occupational training. However, the English further education sector has been described as ‘chronically under-researched’ (James and Biesta, 2007: 7), particularly in regard to narrative accounts of college education and pedagogy (Richardson, 2007) and there has been very little empirical research on pathways into the plumbing profession. This study explored teachers’ and students’ perceptions and experiences of both full-time college courses and apprenticeships in plumbing in order to deepen understanding of these particular types of vocational preparation. It also endeavoured to investigate whether the two different routes into plumbing appeared fit for purpose. Within an interpretive framework, data were collected using two main research methods. Ethnographic snapshot observations were recorded during lessons in three further education colleges and at the workplaces of five plumbing students and formal 1:1 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 tutors and 14 students. The data were thematically analysed. From the many issues relating to the opportunities offered and the challenges posed by the different pathways into plumbing that this study identified, three key findings emerged. First, there was strong evidence of a dislocation between theory and practical learning, both within the college setting for full-time students and between the workplace and college settings for apprenticed learners. This had implications for both the quality of learning and the learners’ levels of motivation. Second, the study revealed the importance of supervised work experience that was centred on long-term acquisition of knowledge and relationship development for apprentices with support from their college tutors and co-workers. Finally, the findings showed the importance of authentic assessment. It was found that simulations in college could not adequately replicate the experience of doing the job in the real world. Given the inherent risks and problems regularly encountered in the plumbing profession, this signalled significant health and safety implications.

Abstract In our dissertation we address the needs rooting in the ongoing process of systematic efforts to improve the Czech educational system. Mainly, we focus on the question of how to implement the cross-curricular topic Multicultural Education into English language classes at lower and upper secondary schools. As Multicultural Education, along with the other cross-curricular topics, has become an obligatory and essential part of the reformed Czech curricula. The author of this dissertation is employed with the English Department at the Faculty of Education of The University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. That is why we aim to introduce the theoretical background and history of the cross-curricular topic Multicultural Education in the Czech educational system. Then, based on that theoretical background, we shall design and run a course at the Pedagogical faculty for our students (teachers-to-be) that will provide them with sufficient amount of theory. Within the course the students will be given enough practical examples of the implementation of Multicultural Education into English classes when combining cultural and linguistic aims and at the end of the course we will allow the students to design and try such a class during their peer teaching. We will also publish the results of the course for...