O presente estudo apresenta os desenhos que se destacaram nos 50 anos de televisão no Brasil, descreve algumas características de conteúdo e inserção na programação televisiva e na nossa Cultura e, com base nesses aspectos, faz uma comparação entre os desenhos de ontem e de hoje. A partir de dados relativos a origem, ano de produção e apresentação, narrativa e personagens dos desenhos mais representativos, ficou constatado que os conteúdos abordam temas semelhantes, independente de origem ou época, e as diferenças se devem a características de construção decorrentes de avanços tecnológicos e de condições de inserção no mercado televisivo, cada vez mais atreladas às questões de marketing de produtos derivados dos mesmos. Uma análise da participação do desenho animado na formação das crianças deve considerar o universo representado por essas mediações, uma vez que o desenho corresponde ao espaço de brincadeira na cultura contemporânea, é o programa preferido pelas mesmas, revive mitos e arquétipos e contribui para o desenvolvimento dos processos cognitivos e do imaginário infantil / The following study presents the cartoons that were in evidence in the television after the 50\'s. It described the contents, the TV transmission and the importance brought to our culture. In spite of the origin, production year, veiculation year, narrative and characters of the main cartoons, it was noticed that they have sim ilar subjects. The main differences are related to cultural context, technological practices used in the production and special commercial conditions. The success of a cartoon was directly related to the possibility of selling new products to the children as toys. magazines and other things. The importance of the cartoons for children\'s development is extremely consistent with the universe that they represent. They are the preferred \"children\'s play\" in the contemporary culture. The cartoons revive myths, archetypes and contribute for the cognitive and childish imaginary development.

O presente estudo apresenta os desenhos que se destacaram nos 50 anos de televisão no Brasil, descreve algumas características de conteúdo e inserção na programação televisiva e na nossa Cultura e, com base nesses aspectos, faz uma comparação entre os desenhos de ontem e de hoje. A partir de dados relativos a origem, ano de produção e apresentação, narrativa e personagens dos desenhos mais representativos, ficou constatado que os conteúdos abordam temas semelhantes, independente de origem ou época, e as diferenças se devem a características de construção decorrentes de avanços tecnológicos e de condições de inserção no mercado televisivo, cada vez mais atreladas às questões de marketing de produtos derivados dos mesmos. Uma análise da participação do desenho animado na formação das crianças deve considerar o universo representado por essas mediações, uma vez que o desenho corresponde ao espaço de brincadeira na cultura contemporânea, é o programa preferido pelas mesmas, revive mitos e arquétipos e contribui para o desenvolvimento dos processos cognitivos e do imaginário infantil / The following study presents the cartoons that were in evidence in the television after the 50\'s. It described the contents, the TV transmission and the importance brought to our culture. In spite of the origin, production year, veiculation year, narrative and characters of the main cartoons, it was noticed that they have sim ilar subjects. The main differences are related to cultural context, technological practices used in the production and special commercial conditions. The success of a cartoon was directly related to the possibility of selling new products to the children as toys. magazines and other things. The importance of the cartoons for children\'s development is extremely consistent with the universe that they represent. They are the preferred \"children\'s play\" in the contemporary culture. The cartoons revive myths, archetypes and contribute for the cognitive and childish imaginary development.

The thesis deals with development of reading in the Czech society during the last few decades. The aim of this study is to explore certain factors, that cause probace changes in reading of books and what is the measure of their impact. The teoretici part describes the historical long-term trends. These trends include existence certain historical events in the Czech society, which were defined by technological progress. In the next part explains important words for this study (who is the typical reader and non-reader, reading culture, reading behavior, etc.). The empirical part of study is based on multi-dimensional analysis the certain factors, which impact reading in proportion to time and the generations (created age categories - young generation 20 - 34, middle-aged 35 - 54 and old generation 55+). This part of study uses data from sociological researches, primarily of social and class structure (1984, 1991, 1999 and 2006). This study uses data from the international research of International Adult Literacy Survey (SIALS 98) and data from sociological research ISSP 2007 (Leisure time and sport). In this regard, the research followed in addition to leisure activities, many aspects such as level of educational attainment, size of home library etc. Key words Reading, reader, book, education, age,...

Orientador: Henrique César da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramos_MarianaBrasil_D.pdf: 3461761 bytes, checksum: ee9c280b68936341b8ff2e3a12a733b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Dada a presença constante de discursos científicos na televisão, e desta, nas casas dos nossos estudantes, como um discurso marginal à escola (porém não aos estudantes), no sentido de pensar a formação de um leitor de ciências em nossa sociedade e não apenas nas escolas, se torna relevante incluir nos processos pedagógicos uma compreensão de como outros espaços de construção de sentidos funcionam, constituindo sujeitos leitores de ciências e sentidos sobre ciências, ao mesmo tempo em que constituem o leitor em relação a suas linguagens. Desta forma, a grande repercussão do tema Mudanças Climáticas (uma situação de controvérsia científica) na mídia, em especial na TV, torna este referente foco de estudos, para construir estratégias de ensino que possibilitem ampliação/deslocamentos de sentidos por parte dos estudantes. Investigamos, portanto, que efeitos de leitura uma abordagem em sala de aula, que trabalhe aspectos das condições de produção e que confronte diferentes textualizações, com ênfase no audiovisual, dos discursos sobre/das Mudanças Climáticas provoca na construção de sentidos dos estudantes sobre TV e Ciência. Como resultados de nossas análises, temos algumas evidências de que este "ensino da leitura" funciona no sentido de deslocar sentidos sobre as ciências e sobre a televisão, como: deslocamentos na leitura dos estudantes do texto televisivo, num movimento que passa do que o texto diz para como ele diz e deslocamentos dos sentidos predominantes na mídia brasileira sobre as mudanças climáticas, ambos, porém, para parte dos estudantes. Apontamos, portanto, a importância de se considerar no ensino de ciências o caráter controverso e histórico dos discursos científicos, sua pluralidade de leituras e as diferentes linguagens que as constituem / Abstract: Given the constant presence of scientific discourses on television, and the presence of television in our students homes, yet as a marginal discourse to school (but not to students), when considering the formation of a science reader within our society, not just within the school, it's relevant to include in the pedagogical processes an understanding of how other spaces of meaning construction work, forming science readers and science meanings, while forming the reader about/in their languages. Thus, the major impact of Climate Change (a situation of scientific controversy) in the media, especially on TV, makes this the focus of this studies, in order to build teaching strategies that allow a possibility of meanings extension/displacement by students. Therefore, we investigate, what reading effects a classroom approach which works aspects of production conditions and confronts different textualizations of Climate Change discourses, with emphasis on audiovisuals, would result in students meaning construction about TV and Science. As our analysis results, we point out some evidence that this "reading teaching" works in the sense of shifting meanings of science and television, such as: shifts in student reading the television texts, in a movement that passes from what the text says to how the texts says; and shifting of predominant senses in the Brazilian media about climate change, both, however, for most students. We suggest, therefore, the importance of considering in science teaching the controversial and historical aspects of scientific discourses, its plurality of readings and the different languages that constitute them / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências

This thesis surveys the development of education programmes variety broadcast by the Czech Television from 1992 to 2010. The main tendencies of pragramme creation are illustrated on the background of specific political, social and technological context characteristic for the Czech Republic in the period concerned. The theoretical part gathers some relevant information from the fields of sociology, psychology and media studies connected to the socialization process, with special focus on children. One separate chapter is then dedicated to the issue of education programme definition, another to the legislative and further social role of the Czech television in relation to education. By means of annual almanacs, papers, PROVYS software system, internal and public documents research, as well as a number of interviews with current or former employees of the Czech television, the empirical part illustrates the development and changes referring to the period studied. The result of this is an extensive image of the main tendencies of television education development produces by groups or centers in charge. The thesis does not give a full-range account of all education programmes shown by the broadcaster, as with regard to the amorphous character of the genre this is not even accomplishable, but attempts to...