Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Histoire--Università degli studi di Pisa, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 13-21.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes special report study. Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

As early as the fifth century C.E., the thousand buddha motif had become a prevalent feature in the art of many cave-temples in Gansu, China. Past scholarship concentrated on tracing the textual sources of the motif and with relating it to the practices associated with the devotion to the three thousand buddhas of the three ages. Past research has not considered how the thousand buddhas may have been a reflection of a wider range of religious practices and popular beliefs nor has it explored the motif's artistic origin. / By demonstrating that the earliest examples of the two-dimensional painted form of the thousand buddhas came from Gansu and that the motif was related to an iconographic and architectural design that existed between several Gansu cave-temple sites, this study proposes that the thousand buddha motif was a Gansu cave-temple art innovation that influenced cave-temple decor in areas west of Gansu. In addition, possible reasons for the prevalence of the motif are suggested by considering that it may have reflected the relationship between the thousand buddhas and meditative practices as well as the acts of chanting and circumambulation.

Thesis--University of Pennsylvania. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes special report study. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

No description available.

La victoire en 30 avant J.-C. d'Octave sur Cléopâtre fit passer l'Égypte sous domination romaine et bouleversa la situation du clergé indigène, qui représentait l'élite sociale des villes et villages. Ses membres légitimaient le pouvoir en place en exécutant les rituels divins au nom du roi pour empêcher le monde de sombrer dans le chaos. Les chercheurs ont souvent présenté le pouvoir romain comme opprimant le clergé soupçonné de pouvoir contester son autorité. C'est le point de départ de la thèse, qui compte trois chapitres. Le premier traite du contrôle de l'administration sur l' accès au clergé. L'étude des règles à respecter par chaque membre constitue le deuxième chapitre. Enfin, l'attitude des Romains vis-à-vis de la religion égyptienne est étudiée. En conclusion, les autorités avaient besoin d'un clergé loyal, et celui-ci d'un souverain qui soit l'intermédiaire entre les hommes et les dieux. Comme les deux entités se soutenaient l'une l'autre, elles ont cohabité pacifiquement. / The consequences of the victory of Augustus 30 BC over Cleopatra, was that Egypt became a roman province and that the clergy's situation changed. It was a part of the social elite of the towns and villages. Its members legitimated their power because they performed divine rituals in the name of the king in order to prevent the world from going down in the chaos. Researchers have often presented a roman power which oppresses the clergy, suspected to contest its authority. That was the starting point of the PHD, which has three chapters. The first one deals with the administration's control on the access to the clergy. The rules every member of the group has to respect is treated in the second one. The attitude of the Romans to the Egyptian religion is the subject of the last chapter. The authorities needed a loyal clergy, whereas this one needed a sovereign as an intermediary between men and gods. Since the two groups needed each other, they co-existed peacefully.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007.