My diploma thesis deals with heating with the aid of renewable energy sources and thier application in the building of elementary school. This thesis is devided into three parts. The first part is theoretical and is focused on overview of renewable energy sources. It deals with biomass boilers and heat pumps in detail. The second part of this thesis contains comparison of two variants of heat sources and necessary calculations and designs. The first variant is an air-to-water heat pump and the second one is a pellet boiler. The chosen variant is elaborated in detail in the last part. The last part contains technical drawings and technical report.

Title: Experiments supporting the teaching of thermodynamics at high school level Author: Petr Kácovský Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Drozd, Ph.D., Department of Physics Education Abstract: This doctoral thesis is aimed at chosen aspects of teaching of thermodynamics on high school. The thesis can be divided into two main parts: The research part deals with investigation of typical students' conceptual difficulties in the field of thermal phenomena and its primary goal is to identify the most distinctive misconceptions of observed population. More than 500 students were questioned using a conceptual test both as pretest and posttest; approximately half of them also participated in the retention test which took part two years after pretest. The results of the conceptual test are connected with data obtained on the basis of the simultaneously conducted research of students' attitudes. The developmental part of the thesis - partly inspired by previous misconception research - deals with arranging, documentation and testing of experiments relevant to teaching of thermodynamics. In total, 46 experiments were arranged, students-tested and published in the electronic Collection of Physics Experiments. These experiments are primarily intended for teachers as inspiration...

The aim of this master project is to design a nearly zero-energy building of a guesthouse with a restaurant in the village Vrbice u Velkých Pavlovic. The project contains architectural-construction part and concept of building services. As the third part there is a design and concept of a wastewater treatment wetland system. The building has two floors. On the ground floor there is a restaurant, kitchen, reception and technical facilities, the premises of the 2 nd floor contain guest rooms. The structural system is designed from ceramic blocks with thermal insulation from mineral wool. Horizontal load-bearing structures and stair construction are designed from cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The building has a warm flat roof. The building has a mechanical heat recovery ventilation. For heating and water heating there is a heat pump and a condensing boiler, for cooling there is a multi-split and VRV system. The building also includes a storage reservoir for collecting rainwater and photovoltaic panels on the roof. The building site contains also an outdoor park, storage with carport and a garden with wastewater treatment wetland technologies and biotope lake. The project was carried out by the ArchiCad and Autocad programme.

The subject of my master's thesis is the design of an energy-efficient house for the elderly. The building has three floors. The construction system is made of ceramic blocks filled with glass wool. The building is covered with a flat vegetation roof. The retirement home has 15 apartments, a doctor's office, a common dining area, a common room and offices for administration. A technical concept for the building environment was designed for the building. The dining room, office, lounge and doctor's rooms are forcibly ventilated. The premises are divided into three zones and each zone has its own air handling unit. Heating is provided by two condensing gas boilers and the whole building is heated by radiators. An assessment was made for the design of photovoltaic panels. In the third part, an assessment and research of sources for heating and hot water was prepared.

The topic of presented master’s thesis was study of passive stabilization of building materials temperature. The main goal of this thesis was measuring and characterization of the thermal properties of building materials, which are used to PCM technology. PCM technology is based on utilization of latent heat of phase change. At the beginning of this thesis it was needed to define physical principle of phase change, then the most usable PCM chemicals (e.g. paraffin, Glauber’s salt, hexahydrate calcium chloride) and their basic physical properties (especially thermo-physical), background research of building materials with PCM and also the methods of thermo-physical properties measurement. It was also needed to characterize measured building materials and define theirs thermal parameters; because the values of thermal parameters of measured samples were compared to these values. In the experimental part of my thesis are measurements of material thermal analysis, which are methods, where the properties of materials are studied as they change with temperature. I had used to differential scanning calorimetry, transient pulse method and other methods, which are usable for thermo-physical properties measuring and characterization. I have been much interested in properties of measured material, which were specific heat capacity, temperature diffusivity, heat conductivity and phase change temperature (the melting point of PCM). At the end of my thesis the findings of all methods were finally summarized, compared and commented.

This diploma thesis deals with possible energy-savings in the municipal buildings of Spytihněv. Moreover, it discusses the possible improvements of heating features and making use of renewable resources. This is meant to be achieved by a wrapper which is less demanding on energy consumption than those which have been used until now. Attention is also paid to a more efficient system of energy distribution. Both energetic and financial points of view are taken into consideration. The thesis consists of a few parts. Introduction, the first part, deals with renewable resources issues on a theoretical level. The second part is divided according to each individual analysed premise/building. At this point energy-saving proposal, choice of a heating system, a heating pump, a solar collector as well as energy-saving and financial calculation are included.

This thesis looks for the causes of cracks in bicycle rims in the most stressed areas (in places holes for wires). For this reason, in this work is the stress and strain analysis of a simple model of the rim to the working load is given and further the complete production process of the rim is described. As an experimental material were used rims from different producers of aluminum alloy EN AW 6061 and EN AW 6082 T6 temper, in which a crack started to spread. For assessment of rims materials the methods of optical spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Vickers hardness test were used and for finding another crack penetration test was performed. Based on the performed experiments bad design solution of rivets was found in the rim 1. Broken rivets initiated fatigue cracks. Material of rim 1 was alright. The other two rims were deficiencies in materials. For the rim 2 was a problem with coarse-grained recrystallized structure. The insufficiently rapid cooling for the rim 3 caused exclusion hardening phase (particularly copper phase) at grain boundaries. Moreover, the rim 3 is not cured to the required parameters. Aluminium alloys are an ideal material for bicycle rims. However, they require reliable design solutions and meeting the physical metallurgy, which lies in the knowledge and use of influences of chemical composition, forming and heat treatment on mechanical, chemical, physical and technological properties.

This master’s thesis deals with design and preparation of a new biodegradable magnesium alloy based on Mg-Ca-Zn. Based on information from literature, the Mg-3Zn-2Ca alloy was designed. The base material was produced by gravity casting and the evaluation in the as-cast and heat treated state was performed. For preparation of the experimental material, following methods were designed: squeeze casting, hot rolling and the ECAP. During preparation by hot rolling, no optimal conditions were found and significant cracks occurred in both as-cast and heat treated material. In the case of experimental material, prepared by the ECAP method with back-pressure, better combination of stress-strain properties was observed. Also the squeeze casting method showed improvement; especially the amount of casting defects was eliminated. The evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties was performed by the light and scanning electron microscopy, RTG phase analysis and the tensile and compression tests.

In the presented dissertation thesis, I closely focused on corrosion resistance of non-ferrous metals. For full understanding of the possibilities for increasing corrosion resistance, it was vital to initially recognize the influences to the corrosion system of the samples and their surrounding environment. For this purpose, I focused on heat treatment, corrosion, and protective coatings, in the theoretical part of the thesis. For the subsequent research, it was necessary to define several constant variables, first. For this purpose, I have chosen a group of magnesium alloys, namely AZ91 Alloy and 3.5 % NaCl Electrolyte. AZ91 Alloy is of heterogenous structure formed by a solid solution of aluminum in magnesium, intermetallic phase in Mg17Al12, and their eutectic. Local microcells tend to occur in these heterogenities, which leads to faster corrosion. In order to increase corrosion resistance of the alloy, I used a combination of heat treatment and protective phosphate coating. For creating of the desired structure, which further affects compact coating formation, I selected a process involving solution heating with precipitation hardening T6. Secondary goals of the thesis involved optimization of standard technical procedures for the sake of increasing efficiency. With regard to this goal, I introduced optimized heat treatment T6 using accelerated cooling of a sample in water and liquid nitrogen. A modification besides the standard phosphating procedure was carried out with no activation step. For evaluation of corrosion resistance of the samples, I conducted water immersion tests using electrochemical methods; such as potenciodynamic curves combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In order to streamline the evaluation of the corrosion surface in technical practice, I used automatic detection. Substantial improvement of corrosion resistance of the above mentioned system, compared to heat-untreated samples, was proven through electrochemical methods. Due to accelerated cooling, a more homogeneous structure was achieved, which could be further utilized to create more uniform protective coating. For some phosphate coating, specifically manganese phosphate coating, I identified certain modifications that were in line with the set goals; i.e. skipping the activation phase, and using automatic detection for evaluation of uniform corrosion on the samples.

The master thesis designs a low-energy mixed-use building in Dolní Kralovice. The thesis consists of three parts, architectural-construction part, environment technology of building and energy assessment report to a photovoltaic power plant. The building has two above-ground floors and a basement under part of the building. The basement includes sanitary facilities and utility room, ground floor includes a restaurant and small sports hall and first floor offices. The building is founded on reinforced concrete foundation slab and foundation pads. The vertical load-bearing structures are designed as a frame system with shear core. Horizontal load-bearing structures are designed as cast-in-place reinforced slabs. External wall is designed from aerated concrete blocks with and mineral wool insulation. The building has a flat roof. In the building is air condition and cooling system and heating is with geothermal heat pumps with a borehole collector. Part of electricity demand is covered by photovoltaics on the roof. The thesis was developed in Revit software.