Bad or failing projects drain organisational resources in vain, affect team morale,and are a detriment to corporate strategy. Theimportance of terminating a project that will not deliver as promised canhardly be overemphasized, however it is still a major managerial challenge. Throughout this papera call is made toidentify andterminate failing projectsvia a benefit realisation management process, as successful projectsare only those thatdeliver the expected benefits. Thus, the research question to answer is:How can benefit realisation management aid in deciding when to terminate a project?The purpose of this study is to understand project termination and its relationship with benefits realisation management in the case of IT and R&D projects. This is done by tacking a critical realist view in an abductive process that goes back and forth between the merge of existing theories and data collected, which will result in a conceptual model that integrates project termination decision making into a benefit realisation management process. In this research project termination is defined as: the cancellation and cessation of a project prior the completion of its intended activities; while benefit realisation management is conceived as: a set of processes that ensure projects, programmes, and portfolios delivervalue via verifying they are realising their intended goals and benefits.From the literature, the projects analysed and the model drawn, it was understood that benefit realisation management has to be conceived as a monitoring and evaluation process on the project performance in relation to its intended benefit. The howto do so, is our model: a total of 8 steps that go from the conception of the business strategy to the post mortem evaluation of a project. Each step includes different essential activities that hypothetically lead to the correct decision. This, requires active participation and communication from the primary stakeholders, focus on the organisational strategy and the reason why the project was started in addition to a well-defined goal with a clear way of measurement. The when is approached as the moment in time where the termination decision making process should start. A stimulus, a difference between the expected standard and the project performance trend, is what triggers the recognition that a termination decision might be needed and therefore starts the whole decision-making process. Hence, it is recommended to pay special attention to three moments in the project life that might give a clearer indication: 1) the completion and approval of the business-case, as most errors can already be spotted at this point, 2) the testing phase of the solution, being often the point where success is easier to predict and 3) on the submission of the deliverables, as their quality reflect the quality of the future product.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between perceived social support and induced abortion among young women in Lima, Peru. In addition, prevalence and incidence of induced abortion was estimated. Methods/Principal findings A cross-sectional study enrolling women aged 18–25 years from maternal health centers in Southern Lima, Peru, was conducted. Induced abortion was defined as the difference between the total number of pregnancies ended in abortion and the number of spontaneous abortions; whereas perceived social support was assessed using the DUKE-UNC scale. Prevalence and incidence of induced abortion (per 100 person-years risk) was estimated, and the association of interest was evaluated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. A total of 298 women were enrolled, mean age 21.7 (± 2.2) years. Low levels of social support were found in 43.6% (95%CI 38.0%–49.3%), and 17.4% (95%CI: 13.1%–21.8%) women reported at least one induced abortion. The incidence of induced abortion was 2.37 (95%CI: 1.81–3.11) per 100 person-years risk. The multivariable model showed evidence of the association between low perceived social support and induced abortion (RR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.14–3.30) after controlling for confounders. Conclusions There was evidence of an association between low perceived social support and induced abortion among women aged 18 to 25 years. Incidence of induced abortion was similar or even greater than rates of countries where abortion is legal. Strategies to increase social support and reduce induced abortion rates are needed.

L’architecture et la régulation de la traduction eucaryote fut pendant longtemps un mystère pour les biologistes. Je présente ici un protocole détaillé pour purifier de manière homogène des ribosomes à partir de cellules HeLa, pour des études biochimiques mais également structurales. En utilisant ces ribosomes, j’ai obtenu des cristaux diffractant à faible résolution, pouvant être utilisés pour de futurs travaux. Une analyse par cryo-microscopie électronique (CME) a abouti à une structure à 5 A de résolution, permettant la construction d’un modèle. De plus, les facteurs eRF1 et eRF3 ont permis des premières études de la terminaison de la traduction par CME. Ces protéines en complexe ont également été étudiées par cristallographie aux rayons-X, montrant des interactions jusqu’alors jamais observées. L’ensemble de ce travail fournit des résultats importants pour la préparation et la description de la structure du ribosome humain, pavant la voie vers l’analyse de complexes fonctionnels. / Ribosomes comprise the translational machinery engaged in synthesizing proteins. The architecture and translation regulation of eukaryotic especially, human ribosomes, has been an enigma for a long time. I established a protocol for purifying homogenous ribosomes from HeLa cells which can be used for structural as well as biochemical analysis. Using these ribosomes, I obtained plate-like crystals of 80S diffracting to low resolution. A cryo electron microscopy analysis of these ribosomes yielded 5 Å resolution structure with secondary structures of rRNA and protein clearly visible. Furthermore, these ribosomes, along with the eukaryotic release factors (eRF1 and eRF3) purified by over-expression in bacteria, formed the basis for translation termination studies using cryo electron microscopy. Simultaneously, eRF1-eRF3 protein complex was explored by X-ray crystallography revealing new interactions. Together, this work paves the way for the analysis of functional ribosome complexes.

This thesis is concerned with particular ways in which a lease of apartment can end according to new Civil Code no. 89/2012 col. and act no. 90/2012 col., new corporate law, and a comparison with previous legislation. At the outset the paper briefly introduces historical evolution and end of appartment rental institution from the Civil Code of 1811 to the present. The basic terms such as apartment and contract of lease are defined in the next part. The main text is concerned with the ways of ending a contract, predominantly the institution of eviction. The thesis also examines some related questions, such as handing off apartments or plurality of subjects either among tenants or among landlords. The paper concludes with evaluation of changes the new civic law brought about.

The aim of this paper is the comparison of the Czech and Spanish labour law focused on the law dealing with the termination of the labour contract, forms and methods of this termination in Czech and Spanish law and description of law connected with that plus description of some groups of employees who deserve a special protection of their labour contracts and special labour conditions. This paper tries to highlight some differences in law of these two countries and the consequences of these differences. This paper can be divided into three parts. In the first part, composed by first three chapters, there is the general concept of the labour law, its' position in the system of law and its' historical development, including changes in the relation between labour law and civil law. There are here the basic terms and principles of Czech labour law and Spanish labour law as well. There is possible to see the origin of the labour law and changes in this law until nowadays by following the historical context, than it is easier to understand the differences of both legal systems. The second part of this paper describes in the fourth chapter the particular forms of termination of the labour contract in the Czech and Spanish law and the differences of these forms in law of both countries. This shows that...

Development Related Termination of the Root Apical Meristem Activity Abstract Root system architecture is modulated through growth and branching of individual roots, while the growth is strictly regulated via long term apical meristem (RAM) maintenance and cell elongation. RAM activity is not consistent during root on- togeny, which was shown in several dicotyledonous species as change in root meristem structure and decline in root growth rate during individual root development. This thesis is focused on changes in extent and arrangement of meristematic tissues and their derivatives within adventitious roots of Acorus calamus and Oryza sativa during long term cultivation. Changes in meristem and elongation zone length, the root cap length, radial tissue complexity, as well as the changes in root hair emergence, etc., are put into relation with quantified expression level of selected important regulatory elements taking part in RAM maintenance (WOX and SCR family transcription factors). Methodology and approach for future research in this field are outlined. Keywords: Root, Apical Meristem, Root System Architecture, RAM Termination

This master's dissertation deals with notice of termination of employment in three countries, specifically Czech Republic, Federal Republic of Germany and Great Britain, specifically England. The Federal Republic of Germany has been selected because Germany is a country with highly developed economy, however the social function of which is very fundamental that is also reflected in the notice of termination of employment legal regulation. Great Britain was selected because it represents different legal system to Czech republic or Germany, so called common law. British legal system can be further divided into legal systems of England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. This master's essay deals with the enactment in England. At the same time, it is also one of the economically most developed country in the framework of the European Union and a country in which a great number of Czech citizens seek their work opportunities. As far as structure of the individual Chapters is concerned, they are not arranged herein in the same scheme, because the legal form of the notice in the legal regulations differs so much, as far as conception or legal sources is concerned, that even the breakdown of the individual Chapters respects reflects such differences. Hence, the Chapter describing the notice in the Republic...

Feminist geographers argue that gendered bodies and power are deeply entwined (McDowell 1992; Rose 1993). However, few geographers have investigated how gender and power interact in relation to the politics of abortion access. This thesis seeks to fill this gap by conducting a feminist content analysis of six newspapers from Florida’s three largest metropolitan areas to determine how articles featuring abortion are framed. Analysis of the dataset concludes that the politicization of the abortion debate results in the erasure of women from the conversation, the identification of a pregnant women trope which homogenizes all women into one category, and Planned Parenthood’s classification as a health care provider being ignored subsumed under a recognition of its role in providing abortion services. Overall this study argues that patriarchal institutions regulate women into compulsory motherhood, thereby constraining their agency and ability to fully participate in society participate in political democracy.

My diploma thesis is dealing with the legal issue of formation and termination of employment in the terms of flexicurity, focusing on the individual expressions of flexibility and employee protection in these legal institutes. The issue of flexibility and employee protection in the scope of formation and termination of employment is often discussed on the national as well as European level. Discussion emerges mostly due to the different preferences when the employer could rather benefit from flexibility, while for the employee the employee protection could be more important. To understand the institute of employment easily, the first chapter of my thesis describes Labour law in general and its subject. It slowly follows with the second chapter which is trying to give an explanation of flexicurity concept as well as a description of individual expressions of flexibility and employee protection. To illustrate the up-to-date and still higher importance of this strategy, including the European level, trends and attempts to integrate the flexicurity model into Member States' legislation are analysed. The third and the fourth are the key chapters of my thesis. The individual expressions of flexibility and employee protection are discussed there. The case of termination of employment provides the greatest...

4 Abstract The creation and termination of membership in a co-operative The purpose of this paper is to describe the creation and termination of membership in a co-operative. The reason I chose this topic is that I worked in a co- operative organization and I have large practical experience. The thesis consists of Introduction, five main chapters and Conclusion. The first Chapter describes the history of co-operative movement and history of co-operative legislation. The first Chapter is subdivided into three parts - founding co-operative movement, the history of co-operative movement during Austria-Hungary Empire and during the First Czechoslovak Republic and the history of co-operative movement after 1948. The Chapter two defines a co-operative and explains co-operative principles. The Chapter three is the main part of thesis and it consist of five subchapters. The first subchapter analyzes contemporary co-operative legislation. The second subchapter is about membership in a co-operative and membership share. The third subchapter includes conditions of membership. The fourth subchapter describes the ways of creation of membership in a co-operative and the last subchapter explains the ways of termination of membership in a co-operative. The Chapter four analyzes differences between the membership in...