Although it seems to be a global phenomenon, the internet is a part of human society for relatively short time. Existing in different forms there are phenomena that are present in human society for decades, and that we might not expect in cyberspace. In addition to a mutation of social pathologies such as bullying, child pornography and stalking, internet is used by extremist movements and terrorist groups for their activities such as propaganda, mutual communication, but also for invasive activities. This thesis is focused among other things on terrorism in cyberspace. The introduction places the issue in the current state of society, connecting it with technological and social changes. The second section presents a brief overview of the relevant literature, which is focused on the issue of conventional terrorism and terrorism in cyberspace. The following chapters attempt to define its form, find its essence, and describe the similarities and differences especially in relation to conventional terrorism. These findings are achieved by confrontating both forms of terrorism, its fundamental aspects and classification criteria. This work provides an unusual insight into the relationship of technology and society, which despite its relative youth requires more and more attention. It shows that...

,, What is despicable on terrorists is not so much their extremism as intolerance and disregard for others. " Robert Francis Kennedy In my opinion this quote best reflects the core of terrorism, which is based on extremism and its supporters that are trying to achieve their goals by using all possible and for us often impossible instruments. The purpose of this work is to explain terrorism and terrorists in the terms of their behavior and actions and try to reveal the true motives and mindset of advocates the terrorist acts and attempt to find the exemplary and decisive punishment which could potentially have an impact on their future actions. I decided to investigate this issue after seeing several events connected with the terrorist organization, Islamic State, whose horrific crimes shocked the world such as the murder of US journalist James Foley, attacks in several locations in Paris and the proclamation of Caliphate on the territory of Syria and Iraq. In the following chapters I will endeavor to outline the terrorism in terms of its definition, typology and specific types of groups. Furthermore, I will explain ways of terrorists' thinking and contemplation and their motives for terrorist acts. Finally, I will attempt to describe the entrance to a terrorist organization and the process of...

This work focuses on analysis of radical Islamist (jihadist) terrorism in Europe with specific focus on refugees. The basic aim of this work is to determine, whether refugees are more prone to radicalization, criminal activity or terrorism. Special attention will be given to refugees that came to Europe since 2015 and the special aim is to determine, whether they can be considered as trojan horse of terrorism, criminals or they pose no threat in topic of either terrorism or criminality. This work is divided into three main chapters and numerous subchapters. In the first part of the work, the phenomenon of terrorism is closely analysed. This chapter concentrates on difficulties of achieving a common definition of terrorism, provides various definitions and their critique, looks on definitional elements and roots of terrorism, discusses theories of terrorism and presents various types of terrorism. Second chapter lists out the occurrence of jihadist terrorism in Europe since 2015 and reviews it. A special view is offered by listing out successful jihadist attacks committed by refugees since 2015. Third chapter focuses on the analysis of three things - radicalization among refugees, criminal activity among refugees and the possibility of the occurrence of migratory terrorism. The main research...

The master's theses, which examines the phenomenon of state-sponsored terrorism giving the example of Islamic Republic of Iran, consists of two sections, general and specific. In the first part main theoretical concepts and definitions are be introduced. The author gives priority to differentiation between the terms of terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism and marginally also to the problematic definition of state terrorism. Detailed description of the concept of state-sponsored terrorism follow. Last but not least the author provides an insight into the history of the occurrence of this form of terrorism. The merit of the work, however, remains in particular case study of the state- sponsored terrorism, the Islamic Republic of Iran. To understand the context and causes of supporting terrorism, it is necessary to become familiar with the history of Iran (especially since 1979), its political system and the current situation in the country. This thesis will examine the reasons that led Iran to support terrorism on domestic and foreign soil, and specifically focusing on the terrorist organization Hezbollah, which Iran founded and have significantly sponsored for a long time. The intention of the thesis is to identify the main causes of Iranian support for terrorism, to determine how the relationship...

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In this thesis, I handle the way security and terrorism act as a factor of regional cooperation in Asia. First chapter describes general issues within the topic, deals with terms of security, terrorism, its relationship with regional cooperation and observes security in the age globalization. Second chapter focuses on regional initiatives in Asia working with the topic. Third chapter is a case study of fighting terrorism in India and Pakistan.

The aim of the Master's thesis is to analyze the phenomenon of international terrorism as a process of communication which exploits the pattern of contemporary mass media. The thesis will result in a practical application of findings of this analysis on chosen recent terrorist attacks. It will mainly focus on evaluating whether the patterns of terrorism as striving for publicity are still present and if/how they have changed with the arrival of web-based communication. First chapter of the thesis is dedicated to defining and framing terrorism. It also gives a brief insight to historical roots of a terrorist's need for attention. Second chapter introduces mass media as a theoretical concept and as a tool in the communication strategy of a terrorist. The final chapter examines chosen attacks in years 2010 and 2011 through the prism of media-centered strategy. It shows almost no changes in the strategy, however, there is a solid evidence for a terrorists' ability to take advantage of the Internet as a mean to enhance the effect of their activity, e.g. recruitment of adherents, resource of information, and spreading messages.

Prohibition of torture in the international law The prohibition of torture and other forms of ill-treatment is universally recognized and is enshrined in all of the major international and regional human rights instruments. It is also a firmly rooted principle of customary international law, and as such, it is binding on all states at all times. All international instruments that contain the prohibiton of torture and ill- treatment recognize its absolute, non-derogable character. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse how views regarding torture have changed. I have focused on torture cases in last twenty years. Are people tortured more than in the past? In which countries is the situation worst? I specialised on european continent and on judgements of The European Court of Human Rights. I was trying to find out how many cases The European Court was dealing with and what treatment can be classified as torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. I have also asked the question if the understanding of what is torture has changed from the year 1991 until 2010. The thesis is composed of six chapters, first part is introduction, the second one mentions international and regional documents, in which prohibition of torture was recognized. The Third Chapter defines basic terminology used in the thesis....

Title: The threat of terrorism with focus on soft targets Objectives: The main aim of this work is to describe the security issues of terrorism in the Czech Republic with a focus on soft targets. Another aim is to verify whether, according to valid legislation and documents relating to the fight against terrorism in the Czech Republic, the IRS components are prepared to actively face a terrorist attack on their basis and procedure. Methods: The chosen method is the literary search of Czech and foreign literature, legislation on the fight against terrorism at the level of the Czech Republic and the European Union, and internet sources. Determination of the activities of the IRS components during a terrorist attack, protection of soft targets and explanation of the term terrorism, its forms, methods and what types are most commonly used. In particular, it focuses on the legislative framework which, in the event of a terrorist attack, will be instrumental for IRS components and other components subject to this legislation. Results: It has been found that both terrorism and the fight against it are constantly evolving. In the case of terrorist attacks on soft targets, the currently drafted legislation at the level of both the Czech Republic and the European Union and the components of the Integrated...

Title: Terrorism at 21. century-active shooter Objectives: The aim of this work is to analyze terrorism in the 21st century, to describe this phenomenon focusing on active shooter and to find measures taken against shooters at Czech elementary schools. Methods: The theoretical part of the diploma thesis was prepared with the help of a descriptive analytical method, searches of available Czech literature, foreign sources and valid legislative sources. In the practical part, a questionnaire was conducted on the theme of active shooter. The results were statistically processed and then interpreted. Results: Describing terrorism in the 21st century with a focus on active shooters. Keywords: terrorism, protection, population, schools, shooter