While the phenotypic effects of sexual selection have been well studied, the consequences for population mean fitness remain unclear. Additionally, there is a need to more fully characterize how various forms of inter- and intrasexual selection combine to affect the evolution of traits under sexual selection. Here, I address these issues as they relate to male territoriality in Drosophila serrata, a model system for the study of female preference for male pheromones. First, I demonstrate that territoriality occurs and is a likely component of male sexual fitness. Results from a phenotypic manipulation indicate that territorial success was also condition-dependent, and that sexual selection against low condition males tended to be stronger given a high opportunity for territory defense. Territorial success depended on body size but not on pheromones. How this and other components of male mating success interact to affect trait evolution and population mean fitness remains an important area for future study.

Thesis (M.S)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-245).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (University of Texas Digital Repository, viewed on Sept. 16, 2009). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

xvii, 141 p. : ill. / Territoriality, defined as an animal or group of animals defending an area, is thought to have evolved as a means to acquire limited resources such as food, nest sites, or mates. Most studies of territoriality have focused on vertebrates, which have large territories and even larger home ranges. While there are many models used to examine territories and territorial interactions, testing the models is limited by the logistics of working with the typical model organisms, vertebrates, and their large territories. An ideal organism for the experimental examination of territoriality would exhibit clear territorial behavior in the field and laboratory, would be easy to maintain in the laboratory, defend a small territory, and have movements and social interactions that were easily followed. Lottia gigantea , the owl limpet, is just such a model animal. With a small territory (< 900 cm 2 ) and slow movements (3 mm/min), the interactions of several L. gigantea can be continuously and simultaneously monitored. Using time-lapse photography, experiments were conducted to observe behaviors of L. gigantea , ranging from how L. gigantea form home ranges to how territorial L. gigantea interact. Lottia gigantea formed home ranges within four weeks, returning to a home scar after each foraging cycle. To determine whether L. gigantea returned to areas with greater food resources, three different algal density treatments were used, and individuals were monitored to see which tiles they frequented the most. Lottia gigantea actually avoided areas with a thick algal covering, potentially due to the loss of suction they experienced while moving across algae. When L. gigantea established territories, home ranges overlapped considerably. Two individuals were placed in one arena, under the assumption that a dominance hierarchy would be established. Dominant status was predetermined, and in four of the seven dyads both individuals were evasive. When subjected to territorial encounters for two weeks, L. gigantea avoided areas where they experienced agonistic losses. Mucus may serve as an olfactory cue to define territorial boundaries. Individuals avoided tiles with conspecific's mucus more often than tiles with self-mucus or no mucus. / Committee in charge: Barbara (“Bitty”) Roy, Chairperson; Alan Shanks, Advisor; Craig Young, Member; Mark Hixon, Member; Frances White, Outside Member

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-26T17:26:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004 - Geny Ferreira Guimar?es.pdf: 3198393 bytes, checksum: ab1f9aa28bfb61bc3b5b5b5b0269f801 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T17:26:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004 - Geny Ferreira Guimar?es.pdf: 3198393 bytes, checksum: ab1f9aa28bfb61bc3b5b5b5b0269f801 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-10 / CNPq / The following study was done aimed at a place named Guaxindiba, situated in the North of S?o Gon?alo city, in the Regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), during the period of 2002 and 2004. It was used as main material sources of bibliographical items as theorical basement; reflexives texts from the classes disciplines done during the course; documents, laws and maps collected in S?o Gon?alo city hall; as well as questionnaires applied for the basic level classes students at Escola Estadual Municipalizada Guaxindiba by November 2004. This work was developed based in a region in which by a brief researcher look seems to be an undefined and ambiguous area insert into the rural/urban discussion. As many others regions, this is just another one with a fortress farming past and a current urban-industrial prospective, at the same time presenting intense ruralities surrounded by strong urban aspects. It was done an analyze of some social-cultural, social-environmental and political-economical issues related to territorial questions that it development in the city starts by the political power that exist in the region and that helps in the categorization of it. There is a concern about the geographical-historical process to help the understanding of the local geo-historical background, specially about the rural development and the urban structure of the region; the territorial organization of the Regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro was considered relevant besides the present metropolitan management and the understanding of rural areas inner metropolitan areas; a reflection about the brazilian rural/urban actual discussions and finally, an analyze in the possibility of some ruralities in Guaxindiba which is insert into the industrial process of the region. It was taken into consideration this place as an area existing in almost total anonymity but that can have potentialities to be concerned in the city development management program. There is the belief that this dissertation can someway be useful to future works about Guaxindiba. / Este trabalho foi elaborado visando uma localidade chamada Guaxindiba, situada ao norte do munic?pio de S?o Gon?alo, na Regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), no per?odo de 2002 a 2004. Como fontes principais de pesquisa foram utilizados materiais bibliogr?ficos para o embasamento te?rico; textos reflexivos resultantes das aulas curriculares do curso como aux?lios complementares; documentos, leis e mapas obtidos na prefeitura de S?o Gon?alo; assim como question?rios que foram aplicados em alunos do ensino fundamental (5? ? 8? s?rie) da Escola Estadual Municipalizada Guaxindiba em novembro de 2004. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido tendo como foco uma regi?o que, ? princ?pio, apresenta-se aos olhos do pesquisador com uma certa indefini??o ou ambig?idade dentro do tema campo-cidade. Como tantos outros lugares, representa mais uma regi?o com um forte passado agr?cola e uma atual prospectiva urbano-industrial, apresentando ao mesmo tempo intensas ruralidades, em meio a aspectos urbanos. Foi realizada uma an?lise de alguns dos seus aspectos s?cio-culturais, s?cio-ambientais e pol?tico-econ?micos, relacionando-os com as quest?es de territorialidade que se desenvolvem no munic?pio a partir do processo de poder pol?tico vigente na regi?o que, de certa forma gera a categoriza??o do local. Considerou-se indispens?vel uma breve an?lise do processo geogr?fico-hist?rico para se entender a forma??o geo-hist?rica do local, principalmente o desenvolvimento rural e a estrutura??o do urbano na regi?o; uma reflex?o sobre a organiza??o territorial da Regi?o Metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, assim como a sua atual gest?o e o tipo de entendimento que se faz das zonas rurais em ?reas metropolitanas; uma reflex?o sobre a discuss?o de rural/urbano no Brasil e finalmente, uma an?lise da poss?vel ruralidade existente em Guaxindiba em meio ao processo de industrializa??o da regi?o. Considera-se que este lugar existe praticamente no anonimato, mas pode ser que possua potencialidades a serem considerados relevantes para o desenvolvimento do munic?pio. Acredita-se que esta pesquisa proporcionar? um maior conhecimento de Guaxindiba que pode de alguma forma ser ?til em trabalhos posteriores.

While the phenotypic effects of sexual selection have been well studied, the consequences for population mean fitness remain unclear. Additionally, there is a need to more fully characterize how various forms of inter- and intrasexual selection combine to affect the evolution of traits under sexual selection. Here, I address these issues as they relate to male territoriality in Drosophila serrata, a model system for the study of female preference for male pheromones. First, I demonstrate that territoriality occurs and is a likely component of male sexual fitness. Results from a phenotypic manipulation indicate that territorial success was also condition-dependent, and that sexual selection against low condition males tended to be stronger given a high opportunity for territory defense. Territorial success depended on body size but not on pheromones. How this and other components of male mating success interact to affect trait evolution and population mean fitness remains an important area for future study.

Orientador: Nécio Turra Neto / Resumo: A proposta é construir um estudo comparativo entre as territorialidades do graffiti na cidade média (Presidente Prudente) e na metrópole (São Paulo). Para tanto, pretendemos retomar a trajetória histórica e geográfica do graffiti, suas transformações e difusões, que culminaram na cena graffiti contemporânea, tanto na escala global, quanto na escala contextualizada nas duas realidades de cidade. O graffiti aqui é entendido como um signo icônico, uma linguagem não-verbal, produto e produtor de identidades juvenis, e que, em uma relação dialética, é construído e constrói o espaço urbano de forma objetiva e subjetiva, por meio das territorialidades de seus agentes – e como um palimpsesto transforma a paisagem. Desembarcando em meados dos anos 1980 em São Paulo, quais foram as condições socioterritoriais necessárias para que ele se estabelecesse na cidade? Por que o graffiti só ocorreu em Presidente Prudente nos anos 1990? Serão algumas das questões que buscaremos responder. / Abstract: The proposal is to construct a comparative study between the territorialities of graffiti in the middle city (Presidente Prudente) and in the metropolis (São Paulo). Therefore, we intend to resume the historical and geographical trajectory of graffiti, its transformations and broadcasts, which culminated in contemporary graffiti scene, both on the global scale, and in contextualized scale in both city realities. The graffiti here is understood as an iconic sign, a non-verbal language, product and producer of youth identities, and that in a dialectical relationship is built and builds the urban space objectively and subjectively, through the territoriality of their agents - and how a palimpsest transforms the landscape. Disembarking in the mid-1980s in São Paulo, what were the socio-territorial conditions necessary for him to settle in the city? Why did graffiti only occur in Presidente Prudente in the 1990s? These are some of the questions we will try to answer. / Mestre

<p> The central theme of this paper is territoriality. Essentially, I am concerned with the part that territoriality plays in determining spatial behaviour. Part One introduces the subject and demonstrates the need for geographers to examine territoriality more thoroughly. The newly developed field of behavioural geography is assessed, the importance of scale being a fundamental consideration. Part Two deals with definition of territoriality in animal and human populations. The problems encountered in definition and delineation of human territories are discussed. Part Three poses two important questions. 1. What function does territoriality serve? 2. Is territory innate or a cultural acquisition? Although the answers to these questions are subject to further research, the importance of these considerations is demonstrated. Part Four considers dominance and leadership. The spatial implications of these concepts are developed. Part Five centres about territorial encroachment and the subsequent reaction. Essentially territorial encroachment (or intrusion) is conceived as a violation of regular spacing patterns. Possible reactions to encroachment are considered. Part Six deals with typology. Two levels of study are distinguished those being Micro territories (personal space) and macro territories (larger units of territory). These two concepts are differentiated by scale. Studies conducted at each of these levels are discussed. Part Seven puts forth a hypothetical construct which integrates the work of several researchers. The "interaction distance" equation is a model which, hopefully, assists the researcher in understanding and possibly predicting the space maintained between interactants. Briefly, the model consists of the subject, the object and the situation. These components determine the interaction distance. Although quantification of the components is not included in this paper, problems in calibration are considered. The utility of the model is also discussed. Part Eight applies a methodological construct, of field theory, to spatial behaviour. The essential concepts of field theory, (the life space, boundary zones, and space of free movement), are discussed in a conceptual and physical sense. Finally, the life space concept is conceived as a territorial range or orbit in which the spatial behaviour of the individual is conducted. In fact, the field theory might greatly assist geographers in understanding and predicting spatial behaviour.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

Habitat saturation, due to high population density, and predation pressure have both demonstrated to influence the formation of some social systems. For example, helper-at-the-nest systems are formed when offspring delay dispersal due to a lack of suitable territory availability or high cost of dispersal. In one cooperative avian species, the pukeko (Porphyrio melanotus melanotus), a previous comparison between high density (North Island) and low density (South Island) populations found that at high density, there were fewer dispersal opportunities due to habitat saturation resulting in increased relatedness amongst group members. Climatic variations between the North Island and the South Island could explain many of the results previously found. The recent decimation of a large pukeko population at a North Island site provided us with a unique opportunity to compare group structure between two populations under similar climatic conditions to determine whether or not individuals bred independently in a low density population. For my thesis I aimed to answer three questions. First, how does population density affect the dispersal of offspring from their natal territory? Second, how does population density affect relatedness of adult group members? Third, how does density affect territory size? In this thesis I was unable to determine whether or not dispersal events were occurring or if there was high or low relatedness amongst group members. Territory sizes were significantly smaller at Tawharanui over Shakespear but they were not significantly correlated with group size. Harrier presence was significantly different between paddocks. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Ecological constraints have been shown to influence the formation of social groups. The decimation of a population of cooperatively breeding pukeko on the North Island of New Zealand provided us with a unique opportunity to compare two populations under different density conditions. I explored the effect of population density on group composition, parentage, and territory size as a means to understand the costs and benefits of cooperative breeding and joint-nesting. Territory sizes were significantly larger under low density conditions. I was unable to determine whether or not population density influenced offspring dispersal or relatedness amongst group members.