Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2005. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-154).

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01429.pdf: 870834 bytes, checksum: 9032a53eb8f677fcc0d94c0bc9420719 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01429.pdf: 870834 bytes, checksum: 9032a53eb8f677fcc0d94c0bc9420719 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

The influence of peripubertal exposure to physiological levels of testosterone on the adult androgen responsiveness of the cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity, was investigated. Rats were injected subcutaneously with testosterone enanthate 5 µmoles/kg/day either peripubertally, during adulthood or in both time periods. In adult untreated rats, hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity was higher in males than in females. Intact adult male rats, but not intact adult female rats, responded to adult testosterone treatment with an increase in hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity. Female and male rats were gonadectomized before the onset of puberty. In the adult female rats which had been prepubertally ovariectomized, exposure to testosterone peripubertally resulted in an adult androgen responsiveness for hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity. This indicated that the potential is present in the prepubertally ovariectomized female rat for the pubertal imprinting by testosterone of an adult androgen responsiveness for hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity. Prepubertal castration of male rats reduced hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity and plasma testosterone levels from control levels. Hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity was found to be partially correlated with plasma testosterone levels. The higher hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity in the adult male rat may therefore be related to high adult male levels of circulating testosterone. The administration of testosterone to adult male rats which had been prepubertally castrated resulted in hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity which was lower than that of intact males and of intact males treated with testosterone in adulthood. These results indicated that adult androgen responsiveness of hepatic microsomal erythromycin demethylase activity is not completely imprinted in male rats in the neonatal period. This study provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that the peripubertal period is a time during which imprinting by testosterone of adult androgen responsiveness of hepatic P450 enzymes can occur. / Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

Training is preparation for what is expected to come through utilization of the plastic and resistive features of nature, known as adaptation. As such, training in humans may have a number of desired goals. These are typically related to sports performance or education. Whatever the goal, a plan needs to be made for reaching it. One needs to identify or select which activities and environments constitute the event or events to which adaptation is sought. Adaptations occurs by imposing something similar to said environment and practicing the selected activities in preparation for the events that can ultimately lead to goal fulfillment. One quite common goal of physical training is to achieve a more lean and muscular physique, be it for reasons of performance or esthetics. A leaner and more muscular physique can have many advantages for health and quality of life. If we are to prepare the body’s physical capabilities and properties, they should be utilized in the preparation. By proper design and execution of a program for physical preparation, we set out on the path to achieve the goal. A factor that is often highlighted as an important key to building muscle in the human body is the steroid hormone testosterone. According to the hormone hypothesis, increases in muscle mass are achieved through transient elevations in anabolic hormones, such as testosterone and IGF1, induced by physical training. To achieve hypertrophy of the muscles through physical training, one must ensure sure that the muscles get the correct signal, the growth signal, as a result of the training. The work presented in this thesis is, in part, an examination of the hormone hypothesis, with both empirical and theoretical elements. The empirical foundations are results of an experiment in which a group of young men were subjected to a program of physical training, designed for all intents and purposes in accordance with contemporary knowledge, to result in muscular hypertrophy in the subjects. The goal was achieved, with an average 4.6% increase in lean body mass in the subjects after the training program. However, there was no evidence that anabolic hormones were elevated at any time during the measurement period. The major part of this thesis details a model for explaining the collected observations. It is not intended to merely provide a guide for achieving a leaner more muscular physique but rather is aimed at formulating the problem of inducing the desired adaptations and difficulties involved in approaching the problem. For reasons discussed in this thesis, I do not claim that this is the full and final word on the matter. However, it goes some way toward explaining why, and perhaps how, desired goals should be formulated so that the muscles may understand them.