Under skolgången ska elever utveckla flera grundläggande kunskaper inom matematiken. En sådan kunskap handlar om de fyra räknesättens olika egenskaper. Kommutativitet är en egenskap hos addition och multiplikation som innebär att termer eller faktorer kan byta plats utan att summan eller produkten förändras, exempelvis att 2+4 är lika mycket som 4+2 och att 3‧2 är lika mycket som 2‧3. Egenskaper räknesätt har sammanfattas i olika räknelagar, de vanligaste är kommutativa-, associativa- och distributiva lagen. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa ny kunskap om hur kommutativa lagen presenteras för elever i matematikläromedel. Studien bygger på en läromedelsgranskning som genomförs med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och inspireras av variationsteorin. Tre läromedelsserier avsedda för årskurs 1–6 har granskats. I analysen har det framkommit att kommutativitet sällan beskrivs som en fristående egenskap utan ofta presenteras tillsammans med något annat. Främst är det tillsammans med talkamrater, tillsammans med sambandet mellan addition och subtraktion och när elever ska överföra något bildligt till matematiska uttryck som kommutativitet beskrivs. Det går också att urskilja en viss progression av kommutativitetbegreppen i läromedel. / Students should develop several basic skills in mathematics during their school years. For instance, they should develop solid understanding of the properties of the four rules of arithmetic. Commutativity is a property of addition and multiplication that means that terms or factors can change place without changing the sum or the product, for example, that 2 + 4 is equal to 4 + 2 and 3‧2 is equal to 2‧3. The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding about how the commutative law is presented to students in mathematics textbooks. This work is a textbook review which is a qualitative content analysis and is inspired by the theory of variation. Three series of mathematics textbooks for school years 1 through 6 in Sweden have been reviewed. The analysis of the textbooks show that commutativity is rarely described on its own,but is often presented together with something else: Primarily with part-whole relations, along with the connection between addition and subtraction and when students are going to transfer something figuratively to math expressions. A progression of the commutativity concepts in the textbooks can be distinguished.

The thesis provides an analysis and comparison of Geography textbooks for children with hearing impairment, children with a mild intellectual disability and children in mainstream elementary schools. The aim of the thesis is to highlight the current state of Geography textbooks for children with hearing impairment and, by means of combining findings on deaf education and the didactics of Geography, suggest specific solutions for improving the quality of education of children with hearing impairment through raising the standard for didactic materials used for teaching. The introduction of the thesis explores the position of Geography as a field of study within the School and Framework Educational Programmes; the objectives of teaching Geography at the second stage of elementary school are examined in relation to the target groups whose the textbooks are analysed in this thesis. Further, the thesis focuses directly on textbooks. The functions of the textbook in the educational process are introduced, as well as its structural components with a particular emphasis on the textual elements. Drawing on relevant academic literature, the characteristic features of these elements are described with special attention paid to learning from text - predominantly with regards to deaf children who typically...

This thesis Methodology of playing the flute of children from 4 to 6 years deals with the problem of learn to play the flute preschool children. The theoretical part deals with the importance of this activity, its contribution to the children themselves. It focuses on the developmental characteristics of this period, the physical and mental maturity, the skills needed for learning to play flute. It also compares the methodology and the methodology of music education games on the soprano recorder for children of school age and younger children. The practical part deals with the specific methodology you learn to play the soprano flute - using the "color music". Describes the formation method, its advantages for the acquisition of flute playing children 4 to 6 years, application of methods in teaching and, not least, textbook design, the concept would be based on this method.