Šiame darbe yra atskleidžiama ir analizuojama audito pasiūla tenkanti kapitalo rinkoms, nagrinėjama jos nepakankamumo problema. Darbo tikslas yra, įvertinus globalius audito pasiūlos pokyčius ir jų įtaką kapitalo rinkoms, atlikti audito pasiūlos ir auditoriaus pasirinkimo veiksnių Baltijos šalių kapitalo rinkoms tyrimą. Darbas skirstomas į tris pagrindines dalis. Pirmojoje dalyje apibūdinamas auditoriaus vaidmuo bei jo reikšmė ekonomikai, atskleidžiamas sisteminės rizikos, kylančios iš audito rinkos pasiūlos nepakankamumo, mastas, aptariamos pagrindinės priežastys, lemiančios esamą audito pasiūlos struktūrą. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojamas darbo objektas – išorinio nepriklausomo finansinio audito pasiūla kapitalo rinkoms, pateikiama darbo tyrimo metodologija. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje aprašomi atlikto tyrimo rezultatai, iškeltų darbe hipotezių tikrinimas, pateikiamos rekomendacijos tyrimo metu nustatytose probleminėse srityse bei tyrimo rezultatų taikymo ir tyrimo plėtotės galimybės. Gauti darbo rezultatai parodė, jog audito rinkos koncentracija visose trijose Baltijos akcijų biržose yra aukšta ir kelia sisteminės kapitalo rinkų rizikos pavojų. Pagrindiniais auditoriaus pasirinkimo veiksniais buvo priimti audituojamos įmonės dydis bei kapitalo kilmė. / This paper discloses and analyses the audit supply for the capital markets and examines its insufficiency problem. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the global changes in the audit supply and to perform a research of audit supply and influencing factors when choosing the auditor in the capital markets of Baltic countries. The paper consists of three main parts. The first part presents the role of the auditor and its significance to the economy, the extent of the systemic risk entailed by the insufficiency of the audit supply, discusses the main causes of the current structure of the audit market. In the second part of this paper the external independent financial audit supply for the capital markets, which is the object of this paper, is analyzed. Also, the research methodology is presented. In the third part of this paper the results of the research and hypothesis testing are presented. It also provides the guideline on the identified problem areas as well as applicability and development capabilities of the research made. The main conclusions showed that the audit market concentration in all three Baltic stock exchanges is high and poses a systemic risk to the capital markets. The key factors when choosing the auditor in the capital markets of Baltic countries is the size and the capital origin of the company.

Per paskutinį dešimtmetį Baltijos šalys išgyveno pilną ekonomikos ciklą - lėtą atsigavimą, spartų augimą ir staigų kritimą. Itin sparčiai vystėsi būsto paskolų ir nekilnojamojo turto rinka, todėl jau 2007 - 2008 metais buvo svarstoma dėl nekilnojamojo turto rinkos perkaitimo, nors dauguma gyventojų vis dar džiaugėsi galimybe be didesnių kliūčių gauti kreditą brangstančio būsto įsigijimui. Būgštavimai dėl ekonomikos ir jos atskirų sektorių perkaitimo buvo pagrįsti – Baltijos šalių ekonomikos 2009 m. smuko daugiausiai tarp visų ES valstybių. Taigi, įvykus nekilnojamojo turto sektoriaus ir būsto paskolų rinkos pakilimui bei nuosmukiui, galima ištirti būsto paskolų portfelį viso ekonominio ciklo periodu. Įvardinus veiksnius, labiausiai įtakojančius būsto paskolų portfelio augimą, būtų galima juos stebėti, bandyti pakeisti, ir taip ateityje išvengti potencialios ekonominės krizės arba sušvelninti galimus neigiamus ekonominio nuosmukio padarinius. Darbo tyrimo tikslas – ištirti makroekonominius veiksnius, darančius poveikį Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos šalių būsto paskolų portfelio dinamikai. Darbo objektas yra Baltijos šalių būsto paskolų portfelis ir jį įtakojantys makroekonominiai veiksniai. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo, yra sprendžiami uždaviniai: 1) Išnagrinėti ekonominėje literatūroje pateikiamus modelius, tiriančius būsto paskolų portfelį. 2) Apibrėžti makroekonominius veiksnius, įtakojančius būsto paskolų portfelį. 3) Išanalizuoti būsto paskolų portfelio pokyčius Baltijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / During the last decade Baltic countries experienced a full economic cycle – slow recovery, fast growth and sharp deterioration of whole economy. On the growth period the portfolio of mortgage loans and real estate market developed extremely rapidly, thus, since 2007 - 2008 there was discussions about the overheating of economies and bubbles of the real estate prices in the Baltic countries. However, the majority of the citizens were still taking advantage of easy accessible mortgage loans for the acquisition of desired real estate even prices were going upwards. Unfortunately, doubts about overheating of the separate parts of economies were reasonable and economies of the Baltic countries contracted the most among all EU. Therefore, with a full picture of economic cycle the analysis of portfolio of mortgage loans is being developed. Identification of the main factors that are determining growth of the portfolio of mortgage loans is important for developing a strategy to avoid possible economic crises in the future or to ease the negative effects of economic downturn. The aim of the paper – to find out the most important macroeconomic factors that are determining the dynamic of mortgage portfolio in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The object of the paper – the mortgage portfolio of the three Baltic countries and macroeconomic factors of the mortgage portfolio. To reach the aim of the paper such tasks were developed: 1) Examine the theory and the models that are analyzing the... [to full text]

With the internationalization of financial markets, short-term capital flows to emerging market economies have become an important phenomenon in the world. The papers in this dissertation are concerned with investigating the effects of such flows in the receiving countries. The analysis is cast in a dynamic general equilibrium framework for small open economies. Two of the papers are quantitative investigations of the forces at work in small and relatively poor economies that liberalize trade and capital flows. The common approach of these papers is that of a computational experiment: calibrated simulations constitute a test of whether the models can explain certain dynamics which we observe in the data. The first paper investigates whether a calibrated two-sector neoclassical growth model can explain the magnitudes and the timing of capital flows in the Baltic countries after the fall of the Soviet Union. The results indicate that it can, and that the large and persistent trade deficits which we observe in the data need not be a reason to worry. However, the model also tells us that a reversal of capital flows and large sectoral adjustments lie ahead of the Baltic countries. In the second paper, the focus is on modelling the observed co-movement between consumption and the real exchange rate in Spain, which experienced large capital inflows following the entry into the European Community in 1986. In accordance with episodes of trade liberalization elsewhere, consumption in Spain boomed and the real exchange rate appreciated for several years after 1986. Standard two-sector models with traded and non-traded goods have problems accounting for these facts. The paper explores some mechanisms that can improve the standard modelling framework, and evaluates their quantitative importance in calibrated simulations for Spain. The third paper studies the government’s optimal bailout policy in an environment where sudden stops of capital flows cause financial crises in a small open economy. Real world events, such as the financial crises in the South East Asian countries in 1997, motivate the analysis. Compared to the previous essays, the paper is different in its nature in that it develops a highly stylized environment to analytically study the government’s optimal bailout policy. The paper shows that the government should optimally commit to a policy that only partially protects private debtors against inefficient liquidation. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004

Diploma thesis "Nordic countries and their support of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on their way to European structures" deals with foreign policies of Denmark, Sweden and Finland towards three Baltic countries in the 1990s. The paper is focused on Danish, Swedish and Finnish bilateral support of three Baltic countries on their way to European structures, particularly to the EU. The thesis strives to explain a rationale and motives which were behind decisions of Nordic countries to help Baltic countries in the 1990s. Although the thesis is primarily focused on a development in the 1990s, a short part is also devoted to a historical development of the relations between Nordic and Baltic countries. This historical excursion helps to identify changes of Nordic foreign policies (Baltic policies) which occurred in the 1990s. The main proposition of this thesis is a statement that though there were several motives behind decisions of Nordic states to help Baltic countries, the main factor which caused high involvement of Denmark, Sweden and Finland in the Baltic Sea area were security related factors. The thesis also offers a summary of some motives which were behind high involvement of Nordic countries in the region and provides some similarities and differences in Baltic policies of Denmark, Sweden and...