The U.S. National Park Service has recognized visitor health and safety as an important component of protected area management. Despite this recognition, research investigating visitor health and safety issues in national parks is lacking. In order to improve the understanding of the factors contributing to visitor injuries, the purpose of this study was to: 1) identify the distribution of injuries in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 2) examine the relationship between visitor factors and the severity of visitor injuries in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 3) examine the relationship between environmental factors and the severity of visitor injuries in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and 4) determine the effectiveness of sign placement and indirect supervision on controlling visitor injuries in the park. Data for this study consisted of 5,947 incident reports recorded in Hawaii Volcanoes between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2002. The results found that even though 26% of the injuries in the park occur in frontcountry regions, 53% of all visitor injuries took place at the Eruption Site. As well, 130 of the 268 (49%) fatalities occurred on roadway environments and 1,179 of the 1,698 (69%) severe injuries occurred at the Eruption Site. Logistic regression analysis used to examine the relationship between visitor factors and injury severity in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park found that female visitors, visitors wearing minimal footwear and clothing, and visitors carrying no flashlight and minimal drinking water are factors significantly associated with fatal injuries. Visitors wearing minimal footwear and clothing, visitors carrying no flashlight and minimal drinking water, visitors entering restricted areas, visitors with pre-existing health conditions, and visitors aged 50-59 years of age are factors significantly associated with severe injuries. Logistic regression analysis found no built environment factor to be significantly associated with visitor fatalities or severe injuries. However, darkness and rugged terrain were significantly associated with visitor fatalities. Chi-square tests of independence found the combined treatment of sign placement and indirect supervision to have no effect on reducing the frequency and severity of visitor injuries at the Eruption Site.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MTech. degree in Nature Conservation ) - Tshwane University of Technology, 2007. / The tendency for male and female buffaloes to live separately outside the breeding season is termed sexual segregation. A number of hypotheses have being proposed to explain this behavior. This study, in an area with an intact predator community, strongly support the predation-risk hypothesis and attempts to clarify the function of sexual segregation in buffalo in southern Africa. It also contributes to understanding the possible consequences of selective removal of males for hunting or culling purposes.

No description available.

No description available.

Tsavo National Park lies in an area of very dry country in South Eastern Kenya. Elephants live there in large numbers and in the early 2 1970's, they had a mean population density of about 1 km^-2 . They have inflicted widespread destruction on the woodlands which originally covered the Park, leading to a complete change in the appearance of the habitat. This caused considerable anxiety about the future of the Park and all its animal populations so research was begun to try to elucidate the root causes of the "elephant problem" and to predict its consequences. The purpose of the present study was to find out what happens to dead wood in Tsavo and to gauge the importance of termites in the ecology of the area. Section 1 gives a brief introduction to the history of Tsavo and sets out the main questions posed when this study was begun. In Section 2 the environment of the study area is described in terms of its topography and geology, the soils and their origins, the floristic and structural composition of the vegetation during this study, the climate and its variations in time and space and the role of fire in shaping the habitat. The species of termites found in the study area are listed in Section 3, followed by brief descriptions of their natural history. Section 4 contains all the information on the turnover of dead wood. The standing crop and rates of wood fall and removal were measured directly at one site and extended by means of an index to measure consumption of dead wood by termites at other sites. Consumption is found to be related to rainfall. The results are discussed in relation to similar studies made elsewhere. A model is constructed relating the consumption of dead wood by termites to rainfall and comparing this with the consumption of grass and browse by large herbivorous mammals. A method is described for measuring the relative importance of different termite species as consumers of dead wood.

The land-bird community of Tsavo East National Park was studied for two years. There are two wet seasons each year: November-December and April- May, but the latter were very poor in both study years. Six habitat types were designated on the basis of canopy cover of woody vegetation. Riverine vegetation was also studied. Most ofthe open habitats extant are derived from woodland by destruction of trees, a process largely caused by elephants. Food supplies are seasonally variable. Insects and grass seeds are most abundant in December and January. In the open habitats the few fruits also peak then, but Commiphora spp., which is only in woodland and is the most abundant fruit in Tsavo, peaks July to September. The ecology of each species of land-bird is described and most are found to be ecologically separate from each other. The annual cycle of numbers of birds in each habitat is closely correlated with the food supplies. In the open habitats birds are almost all insectivorous, granivorous or both, and peak numbers (about five times the dry season density) occur in December and January. In woodland, numbers remain fairly constant through the year and frugivores are more prominent, especially around August. The wet season peaks in all habitats are caused by immigrations of different species, both from elsewhere in Africa most of which come in to breed, and species which breed in the Palaearctic. The August peak in Woodland consists mainly of species which have resident populations. The results are particularly related to the recent habitat changes in the Park. They are compared with other bird studies in African savannas and other components of the Tsavo ecosystem. Finally, the means by which birds are able to survive in the harsh and unpredictable conditions of Tsavo are discussed.

Ecotourism as sustainable travel to biodiversity-rich areas advocates the utilisation of modes with minimal impacts to the environment. Yet most often the modes available to the public and the transport network that serves the destination undermine its aims of sustainability. The research looks into the relationship between an ecotourism destination and the transport network that serves it. The objective of the study is to identify policies and structures that contribute to improve its sustainability. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State College, 1948. / Typescript. Map of Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, edition of 1946. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-120).

Thesis (M.S. - Watershed Management)--University of Arizona, 1974. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-171).