The current study identified attachment injuries in couples and developed a preliminary model for the resolution of attachment injuries using Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). An attachment injury occurred when one partner betrayed or broke the trust of the other in a specific incident and that incident became a clinically recurring theme or stuck-point of task resolution. Couples with attachment injuries were identified by an expert clinician and the researcher. Subjects were couples with moderate to mild distress. The attachment injuries were resolved using EFT, an empirically validated approach to couples therapy. The model (N = 3) was developed using task analysis. Audiotaped segments of "best sessions" of marker events were reviewed by raters to determine change events throughout the therapy process. A rational, conceptual map of expected change was compared to an empirically developed map. The marker events emerged at the assessment, de-escalation, and resolution phases of treatment. Pre- and post-tests measured overall resolution of the attachment injury and process measures identified in-session changes. The results of this study yield a proposed theoretical model of change for couples who sustain an attachment injury. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this study is to explain how supporters affect a team's brandmanagement. The theories and earlier research looked upon in this study areconnected to brand management, brand image, brand personality and theattachment theory. This study is interesting due to the fact that the sportsindustry is unique in comparison to other industries. In sports the customersare supporters that other industries do not have. A limited amount of researchabout supporters has been done, and they have not been clearly defined. Thisstudy used a qualitative research method and collected data from semistructured interviews with six different teams in the SHL. A thematic analysiswas performed to analyze and summarize the data. The summarized data wasthen compared and connected to our theoretical framework in order to try andanswer the purpose and research questions of the study. The managerialimplication of the study was that it showed that team managers in the SHLcommunicate through social media, events, and more, in order to have aconstant dialogue with supporters. The main theoretical contribution is thatsupporters can be connected to the attachment theory, and that brandmanagement in the sport industry might be defined along a B2S, “Business-toSupporter” perspective.

Uppsatsen handlar om tre verksamhetschefers och en behandlingsassistents uppfattningar om hur ungdomar som vistas på Hem för vård och boende (HVB)- eller Statens Institutionsstyrelse –hem (SiS, som kan använda låsbara avdelningar), påverkas av de omplaceringar som sker när ungdomen flyttar från SiS till HVB. I den här studien fokuserar vi på en specifik del i behandlingen, som kan påverka ungdomar som är vårdplacerade – omplaceringar mellan vårdboenden. Vi undersöker bland annat hur dessa omplaceringar går till/skulle kunna gå till, samt vilka anledningar som kan tänkas vara bakgrunden till att en ungdom omplaceras. Som underlag för vår studie har vi utöver litteratur och forskning inom området, genomfört fyra intervjuer med personal från HVB och SiS boenden. Vi använder anknytningsteorin och Sense of coherence modellen som teoretisk referensram. Resultatet visar att det finns brister gällande omplaceringar. Samtliga informanter önskade mer tid till förberedelserna i arbetet med ungdomen som ska flytta in. Ett önskemål vore att det från beslut till inflyttning skulle ta 3-6 månader, då det ger möjlighet för personalen på det nya boendet att besöka ungdomen och börja knyta band redan innan flytten ska genomföras. Slutsatsen blir att omplaceringen spelar roll för ungdomens behandling och vistelse på boendet. Samtidigt är det oroväckande att det saknas tydliga riktlinjer för hur dessa omplaceringar ska ske. Om mer resurser och tydligare riktlinjer kring omplaceringar gavs, kan det minska det antal omplaceringar där ungdomen tvingas flytta tillbaka till SiS. Idag får ungefär var fjärde ungdom flytta tillbaka igen. / This paper investigates the perspective of managers' and processing staffs concerning young people living on a Home for care or living(HVB)- or Institutional board of the states- home (SiS - they can use lockable departments), and how they think youths are affected by the transfer between SiS and HVB. This study focus on factors that can affect young people's health - replacing youths between different nursing homes. The paper investigates how these replacements are performed/could be performed, as well as the underlying factors that might explain why a youth is being relocated. As a basis for our study, in addition to the literature and research in the field, we have conducted four interviews with personnel from HVB- and SiS- accommodations. We use the attachment theory and the Sense of coherence theory as a theoretical frame. The results show that there are shortcomings in the process of redeployment. All informants wanted more time to prepare the work of a youth who is about to move. A proposal from the informants, was that the process from decision to the actual moving should take between 3-6 months. This would give the staff in the new accommodation a chance to visit the youth and begin to build ties, before the move is implemented. The conclusion is that the transfer has an important role in the treatment and the stay of the youth. At the same time, it is of great concern that there are no clear guidelines for how these replacements should be performed. If there would be more resources and clearer guidelines for how redeployments should be handled, it might perhaps reduce the number of shifts where young people are moving back to SiS. Today approximately one of four youth needs to move back.

Objectives: This thesis addresses patients’ conceptualising of the experience of admission to and discharge from an inpatient mental health unit, and the role of measurable psychosocial constructs in this conceptualisation. Design: An embedded mixed-methods design was employed. Themes developed using thematic analysis were compared and contrasted with standardised assessment ratings. Methods: Twelve adult patients of an acute mental health unit took part in two separate interviews about their experience of admission and discharge, and completed standardised measures of anxiety and depression, social support, attachment style and illness beliefs. Interview data were analysed using social constructionist thematic analysis. Relationships between participants’ contribution to constructed themes and their responses to standardised assessments were discussed in the context of extant literature. Results: A total of fourteen themes were constructed, organised around a central theme of choices, planning and decision making. Many themes were comparable to existing constructs in attachment theory and the literature addressing illness appraisal, including mentalisation, the safe haven, internal working models, self as illness and shame. Standardised assessments supported and enhanced these interpretations. Conclusions: Understanding of the process and adaptation to the inpatient experience can be enhanced by reference to the concepts of attachment theory and social cognition. Incorporation of these concepts into current care practices and future service development may improve the inpatient experience.

Purpose: Thestudy's purpose is to with the help of interviews and conversations with children and teachers, examine the educational activities of the preschool on unsocial hours from a child's perspective, focusing on children's participation. Question at issue: How do children talk about their stay in the Ob-kindergarten? How does the teachers' responses relate to what the children tell? Method: Qualitative methods, interview, grounded theory Main theoretical connection: postmodernism, attachment theory. Conclusion:We have concluded that very little is known about the swedish preschool on unsocial hours(from now on uh-preschool). Based on the responses we received during our interviews, we see that children's attitudes and their willingness to be on uh-preschoolisvery much depending on the relationship between them and the teachers. We see that children who feel that they are being listened to and respected, is over all more favorable to reside inthe uh-preschool.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the educator’s thoughts and experiences regarding the term “attachment”. Similarly, we wanted to find out what strategies educators use to create comfortable and secure relationships for the younger children within the large groups of children. According to this purpose, we have formulated the following questions: What experience has educators in working with large groups of children? How do educators perceive the term attachment in relation to the younger children in preschool? Which known strategies the educators use to ensure the younger children’s security within the larger group? Method We have, with a qualitative method, interviewed six educators at three preschools in different municipalities. As a complement to the collected data, we made observations at two of the preschools. Our greatest focus and importance have been on the empirical evidence from the interviews conducted. Theory In our study we have taken the support of Bowlby's “attachment theory” which highlights the importance of close emotional relationships and we also used current research in the field. We have chosen to assume only this theory because we believe that it corresponds to the study's main purpose, namely children's secure attachment. Results From an attachment theory perspective that emphasize the importance of close and emotional relationships for the individual child's development and comfort, one of our results indicates that large groups of children complicate the educators ability to meet the individual child's needs on a daily basis. Based on the interview material it became clear that all educators agree on the importance of being a calm and present educator in the attachment work with younger children. Our results indicate that strategies such as dividing large groups in to smaller ones, as well as a structured working team, are important factors in order to tie in with all children within the larger groups. Most educators emphasize that an inspiring environment that raises the child's curiosity and exploration, promotes the child´s sense of security at the preschool. / Syfte Studiens syfte har varit att ta reda på pedagogers tankar om och erfarenheter av begreppet anknytning. Vi ville även ta reda på vilka strategier pedagogerna använder sig av för att skapa trygga relationer för de yngre barnen i stora barngrupper. Utifrån detta syfte har vi formulerat följande frågeställningar: Vilka erfarenheter har pedagogerna av att arbeta med stora barngrupper? Hur uppfattar pedagogerna begreppet anknytning i förhållande till de yngre barnen i förskolan? Vilka uttalade strategier säger pedagogerna att de använder sig av för att skapa trygghet till de yngre barnen i stora barngrupper? Metod Vi har med en kvalitativ metod intervjuat sex pedagoger på tre förskolor i olika kommuner. Vi har även observerat på två av förskolorna som ett komplement till vårt intervjumaterial. Det är empirin från intervjuerna som vi har lagt störst fokus och vikt på. Teori Vi har tagit stöd av Bowlbys anknytningsteori som belyser vikten av nära känslomässiga relationer i vår studie samt använt oss av aktuell forskning. Vi har endast valt att utgå från denna teori då vi anser att den motsvarar studiens huvudsyfte det vill säga barns trygga anknytningar. Resultat Ett av våra resultat påvisar att stora barngrupper försvårar pedagogers möjligheter att dagligen tillgodose det enskilda barnets behov, sett utifrån ett anknytningsteoretiskt perspektiv som betonar vikten av nära och känslomässiga relationer för det enskilda barnets utveckling och trygghet. I intervjumaterialet framkom det att alla pedagoger är överens om vikten med att vara en lugn och närvarande pedagog i anknytningsarbetet med yngre barn. Vårt resultat påvisar att strategier som gruppindelning samt ett strukturerat arbetslag är betydelsefulla faktorer i arbetet med stora barngrupper. Flertalet pedagoger betonar att en inspirerande miljö bidrar till att väcka barns nyfikenhet och utforskande, vilket främjar barnets trygghet på förskolan.

The purpose of this study was to explore factors which are predictive of parenting stress for first-time parents. Based on attachment theory and empirical research, the factors investigated were the responsibility for child care and housework, the current and retrospective relationship with the family of origin, the change in emotions related to parenthood, the marital relationship, and attachment and individuation.

v anglickém jazyce In the present work, I am primarily concerned with the approach of mentalization by Fonagy (Fonagy, 2006; Fonagy & Target, 2001; Fonagy & Target, 2002; Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist & Target, 2008; etc.), which is strongly associated with the attachment theory, psychoanalysis and also developmental psychology. Centrality to the development of mentalization are early relationships. I will present some authors, which dealt with this subject matter, psychoanalysts, development psychology and attachment theory, focusing on the attachment theory of John Bowlby. The aim of this work is to introduce the important coherences, in the literature empirically investigated factors that influence the development of reflective capacity - in particular the environmental factors (parents, foster parents, peers) and the development background of the child.

The quality of the dynamics within individuals’ early relationships with their caregivers can impact the overall mental health, functioning, and quality of future relationships for those individuals (Aguilar, Sroufe, Egeland, & Carlson, 2000; Bowlby, 1988; Carlson, 1998; Cassidy & Shaver, 2008; Deklyen & Greenberg, 2008; Johnson & Whiffen, 2003; Levy & Orlans, 1998; Ogawa et al., 1997; Renken et al., 1989; Warren, Huston, Egeland, & Sroufe, 1997). Attachment Theory describes the nature, characteristics, and dynamics of the relationship between a child and caregiver, and delineates how an internal concept of self and self and others is created via those relationships (Bowlby, 1988; Brisch, 2011; Levy & Orlans, 1998; Solomon & George, 1999). Assessing for and addressing attachment issues early in life, and helping to establish a secure base for a child, can serve as a preventative measure for thwarting a variety of interpersonal and self-concept issues (Bowlby, 1988; Martin, 2005; Morisset et al., 1990; Rutter, 1987). Several play therapy interventions for addressing attachment issues exist, yet no framework existed to describe how theoretical knowledge of Attachment Theory may be integrated into clinical practice from initial contact through termination. The purpose of this research was to generate a framework that explored and described how play therapists integrated knowledge of Attachment Theory within their treatment planning. The constructed framework may be used by educators, play therapists and families to conceptualize the play therapy process from an attachment-based perspective.

In the present study, I examined how the quality of relatedness (operationalized as Mutually Responsive Orientation) in the mother-child relationship in kindergarten students affects the association between the mother's values about school and the child's emotional engagement in school. Relatedness, as described by Self-Determination Theory, posits when a child feels a sense of relatedness—supported, respected, and connected with another individual—the child will be more likely to integrate that person's values into their own belief system. Sixty-six mother-child dyads were observed and videotaped doing four everyday activities (mother worked while child played independently, mother and child had a snack, mother and child played a game, mother and child cleaned up). In addition, the mothers filled out a questionnaire reporting their own valuing of school, and children participated in the Berkeley Puppet Interview, a semi-structured interview between researcher and child in which children reported their levels of emotional engagement in school to two dog puppets. Data were coded and then analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Relatedness between mother and child was found to have a moderating effect on the relation between mothers' values about school and children's school engagement. The strongest relation between mothers' values and children's school engagement was found when mother-child relatedness was low. When mother-child relatedness was high, the engagement of the child was not affected by the mother's valuing of school. The study findings offer implications for how children experiencing high levels of relatedness with their mothers will be able to be more successful in the school setting, regardless of the mothers' valuing of their own school experiences.