Thesis (Ph.D.)--Alliant International University, California School of Professional Psychology, San Francisco Bay, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-84).

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2017-11-28T12:51:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Silva Mitraud.pdf: 8279045 bytes, checksum: 565f9aee2b4c5e12bec917af991c690a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2017-11-28T12:52:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Silva Mitraud.pdf: 8279045 bytes, checksum: 565f9aee2b4c5e12bec917af991c690a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Cristina Ropero (ana@espm.br) on 2017-12-01T11:20:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Silva Mitraud.pdf: 8279045 bytes, checksum: 565f9aee2b4c5e12bec917af991c690a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-01T11:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Silva Mitraud.pdf: 8279045 bytes, checksum: 565f9aee2b4c5e12bec917af991c690a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / The aim of this research is to problematize the mediatic representation of contemporary mobilizations, through an object that we call body-multitude. Our problem is to understand which senses are produced, especially by the printed media, in relation to the multitudes that articulate themselves to resist the hegemonic. For this, we carried out a review of the literature, in order to constitute a cartography of the various concepts about human collectives, from Rome and Greece, to the present day. Since classical antiquity, significant parts of society have been kept apart from power and the state. In contemporary times, authors such as Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, Maurizio Lazzarato and Paolo Virno, based on the conception of Baruch de Espinoza, reflect on the mobilizations of the late twentieth and early twenty first centuries that confront the hegemonic, and conclude that these multitudes appear as a response and the possibility of new forms of democracy. From this perspective, the multitudes have in the body the essence of their nature, since it is from their plural and heterogeneous character that their biopotential emanates. In the past, the body, in its singularity, could resist and represent a collective - Gandhi and Mandela are both good examples. In postmodernity, its preponderance in the power relations remains, but mobilized to constitute with other bodies the biopotent multitude. To answer our research problem, we created a corpus with photographic images and texts from newspapers, magazines and alternative media that broadcast news about the demonstrations in Brazil in 2013 and 2016. To analyze it we fundamentally used the Theory-method of French discourse analysis, with emphasis on the intericonicity, device proposed by Courtine. The literature review and the corpus make it clear that the senses attributed to the multitude are unstable. Based on the findings, we conclude that, although the contemporary multitude is characterized by its plurality and heterogeneity, at all times there is a displacement of meanings, produced by textual-imagistic compositions, that bind it to previous conceptions and deny its nature and biopotential. The recurrence of these compositions was object of analysis which result is the proposal of six categories. The analysis also reveals an ontological impossibility of the imagetic representation of the multitude and that the printed media not only co-opts their discourses, but also produces meanings antagonistic to their nature, usually linking them to violence and to illegality and disqualifying their objectives. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é problematizar a representação midiática das mobilizações contemporâneas, por meio de um objeto que denominamos corpo-multidão. Nosso problema é compreender quais sentidos são produzidos, principalmente pela mídia impressa, em relação às multidões que se articulam para resistir ao hegemônico. Para tanto, realizamos uma revisão de literatura, a fim de constituir uma cartografia de conceitos sobre os coletivos humanos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores que se dedicaram ao tema, desde Roma e Grécia aos dias atuais. Desde a antiguidade clássica, numerosos grupos de pessoas foram mantidos à margem do poder e do Estado. Na contemporaneidade, autores como Antonio Negri e Michael Hardt, Maurizio Lazzarato e Paolo Virno, partindo da conceituação de Baruch de Espinoza, refletem sobre as mobilizações, que confrontam o hegemônico no final do século XX e início do XXI, e concluem que essas multidões surgem como resposta e possibilidade de novas formas de democracia. Nessa perspectiva, as multidões têm no corpo a expressão de sua natureza, posto que é de seu caráter plural e heterogêneo que emana sua biopotência. Outrora o corpo, na sua singularidade, poderia resistir e representar um coletivo – Gandhi e Mandela, por exemplo. Na pós-modernidade, em contexto de centralidade da mídia, sua preponderância nas relações de poder permanece, mas mobilizado para constituir com outros corpos a multidão biopotente. Para responder ao problema da pesquisa, constituímos um corpus com imagens fotográficas e textos de jornais, revistas e mídia alternativa que veicularam notícias sobre as manifestações no Brasil em 2013 e em 2016. Para analisá-lo, utilizamos fundamentalmente a teoria-método da Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa, com destaque para o conceito de intericonicidade proposto por Courtine. A revisão de literatura e o corpus evidenciam que os sentidos atribuídos à multidão são instáveis. Por meio dos achados, concluímos que, embora a multidão contemporânea seja caracterizada por sua pluralidade e heterogeneidade, a todo momento há deslocamento de sentidos, produzido por composições imagético-textuais que a vinculam a sentidos precedentes e silenciam sua natureza e biopotência. A recorrência dessas composições foi objeto de análise, cujos resultados levaram à proposição de seis categorias sobre os modos de produção de sentidos. A análise revela ainda haver uma impossibilidade ontológica da representação imagética das multidões, e que a mídia impressa não apenas coopta seus discursos, bem como produz sentidos antagônicos à sua natureza, normalmente dando ênfase à violência, à ilegalidade e desqualificando seus objetivos.

In the frame of Practical knowledge at Södertörn University, Sweden, I have examined my own practical knowledge. The starting-point is what happened during my work as director, when I was rather new in the profession. The studie focuses on what it is that happens when the body communication is not functioning as it should. This essay focuses mainly on physical communication and investigates how the communication worked during this process in which I in the beginning of my carreer led as director at a Public Theatre. My story tells about how I remember the direction process with a Theatre ensemble, framed with communication problems. I call this Directing process 1. The directing work and the actors process work was suffering and an optimal result was not possible to reach. In spite of that, the play was performed and reached a large audience. In a comparative field study  I observed another theatre rehearsal process, interviewed the director and saw the performance. This process worked well. I call this Directing process 2. I have a theoretical discussion with a starting point in communication and theatre literature where I analyze my own understanding of communication and what the communication concept stands for. When traditional communication theory is completed with physical variables, it lightens in a concrete and distinct sense, some essential abilities in the directors work. I reject the assertion that all behavior is communication. I presuppose from the definition that communication builds on someone who sends and someone who confirms. I introduce communication theoretical conceptions and six key words as starting-point, for my analysis of physical communication during a process work. I compare the differences in the directors relation to their ensembles. The two theatre directing processes differed in terms of communication in  several crucial points. These differences became a question of vital  importance for a successful and a less successful process. The biggest weakness in process 1 appears to be my own lack of freedom in the way of movement related to the ensemble. It was characterized by a closed body language, difficulties with the listening, and avoiding eye contact. From that I identify the largest problem witch showed to be the lack of confidence between me and the crew. The great assets of the Process 2 was the physical freedom among the bodies that moved in the room, and in relation to each other, while the biggest problem I saw as the lack of clear intentions. The conclusion is that the positions of the bodies related to each other can be a determining factor for successful work together. Moreover that confidence showed up to be the most important communicative reason if these processes succeeded ore failed. / Inom ramen för praktisk kunskap vid Södertörns Högskola, Stockholm, har jag undersökt min egen praktiska kunskap. Utgångspunkten är vad som hänt under mitt arbete som regissör, när jag var ganska ny i yrket. Studien handlar särskilt om när kroppens kommunikation inte fungerar bra under ett processarbete mellan regissör och ensemble. Denna uppsats inriktar sig i första hand på kroppslig kommunikation och undersöker hur kommunikationen fungerade under en regiprocess som jag tidigt i min karriär som regissör ledde på en offentlig teater. Jag berättar om hur jag minns regiprocessen med en teaterensemble kantad av kommunikativa problem. Jag kallar denna för regiprocess 1. Regiarbetet och skådespelarnas processarbete blev lidande och ett optimalt resultat gick inte att uppnå. Trots det genomfördes produktionen och spelades för stor publik. I en jämförande fältstudie observerar jag även regiprocessen på en annan teater, intervjuar regissören och ser det slutliga resultatet. Den processen fungerade väl. Jag kallar den regiprocess 2. Jag utgår från utgår från kommunikations- och teaterlitteratur där jag analyserar min förståelse för kommunikation och vad kommunikationsbegreppet står för. Traditionell kommunikationsteori kompletteras med kroppslig praktik som hur vi rör oss på golvet i förhållande till varandra och vad det betyder för våra relationer, belyses regiarbetets kommunikation. Jag ifrågasätter påstående att allt beteende är kommunikation och utgår från definitionen att kommunikation bygger på att någon sänder och att någon bekräftar.  Jag introducerar kommunikationsteoretiska begrepp och sex nyckelord som utgångspunkt för min analys av kroppslig kommunikation under ett processarbete. I analysen jämförs skillnaderna i regissörernas förhållande till ensemblerna. De två regiprocesserna skiljde sig kommunikationsmässigt på flera avgörande punkter. Dessa skillnader blev avgörande för en lyckad respektive mindre lyckad process. Som den största svagheten under regiprocess 1 framstår ofriheten i mitt sätt att röra mig i förhållande till ensemblen. Den präglades av stängt kroppsspråk, svårigheter med lyssnande och undvikande av ögonkontakt. Ur detta härleder jag det största problemet som visade sig vara bristen på förtroende mellan mig och ensemblen. Under regiprocess 2 var den fysiska frihet med vilken kropparna rörde sig i rummet och i förhållande till varandra god, medan den största bristen var tydliga intentioner. Slutsatsen blir att kropparnas placering i förhållande till varandra kan ha en avgörande betydelse för ett lyckat samarbete. Dessutom att förtroende visade sig vara den viktigaste kommunikativa orsaken till om en dessa processer lyckades eller misslyckades.