The study presented here focuses on the treatment accorded to Northern Ireland by the British press since 1969. It argues that the press has failed to provide the public with an impartial or meaningful account of the conflict in the North, and explores some of the factors that have contributed to this failure. Chapter One outlines the primary functions that have been ascribed to journalists and the press in democratic society, and provides a standard against which press performance may be judged. Chapter Two evaluates a range of commentaries on the British media's reporting of Northern Ireland from Partition to the present day. The study moves on to examine the debate over the media's representation of "terrorism" and assesses the consequences of this debate for the British media's reporting of Northern Ireland. Chapter Four provides an account of the research methods employed in the study and reflects on some of the practical problems encountered during the course of the fieldwork. Chapter Five presents the findings of a content analysis of the coverage accorded to civilian assassinations by seven British and two Northern Irish newspapers during a five week period in 1972. Chapter Six outlines the development of the information services operated by the army and the police, and describes how these forces have used their strategic position as a news source to gain the edge in the propaganda war. Picking up on some of the themes and issues raised in previous chapters, Chapter Seven focuses on those involved in the production of news and presents the findings of a series of interviews undertaken with journalists in Belfast and London. The final chapter summarises the principal findings of the study and reflects on the prospects of a reversal in the present approach to the reporting of Northern Ireland by the British press.

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Chromatography media (resins) are very important for and widely used by the biopharma industry in large scale production of biopharmaceuticals, e.g. monoclonal antibodies. Today there are several hundred biopharmaceuticals released globally on the healthcare market. This thesis discusses various strategies and methods for the characterisation of chemical and functional stability of chromatography media. In addition, various analytical techniques used in these areas were evaluated and applied. Further, more specific physical and chemical characterisation methods were evaluated and applied to explore different properties of various chromatography media. In Papers I-III, established methodologies for performing chemical and functional stability studies were used. Mainly agarose-based chromatography media were investigated. For fast screening of the chemical stability, the total organic carbon analysis technique was evaluated and applied. This technique that measures the carbon leakage from the chromatography media at different conditions, proved to be very suitable and robust. For detection and/or identification of leakage compounds responsible for or for part of the measured carbon leakage, different methods such as (high performance) liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry were used. In Papers IV-VII, different properties (i.e. functional performance, ligand content and surface chemistry) were evaluated for different agarose-based chromatography media. Standard chromatographic methods (ion exchange chromatography) and spectroscopic methods (e.g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) were evaluated and applied. Chemometric methods were used for efficient evaluation of data. Information of chemical, functional and leakage data of chromatography media are valuable and important for the biopharmaceutical companies to be able to fulfil the regulatory requirements of biopharmaceuticals. In addition, information of various chemical, functional and physical properties of chromatography media is likewise important during development and set up of new biopharmaceutical processes.

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No description available.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia has set for itself goals that go beyond bringing perpetrators of crimes to account. Some of these functions directly depend on the media for their fulfilment, because it is precisely the media who transmits these functions to the public. This ever-increasing reliance on the media brings a need for a minimal standard of balanced reporting,which seems to be lacking in Serbia. I will examine Serbian media reporting and conclude that it does not further the Tribunals purposes, thus negatively affecting the Serbian public. I will contrast Serbian to Rwandan news reporting in order to show that a higher standard can be expected of these news outlets. Nevertheless, regardless of what kind of reporting is prevalent, the effect on the ground may not be negative if it motivates people to access other sources and thus widen their outlooks on the issues.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia has set for itself goals that go beyond bringing perpetrators of crimes to account. Some of these functions directly depend on the media for their fulfilment, because it is precisely the media who transmits these functions to the public. This ever-increasing reliance on the media brings a need for a minimal standard of balanced reporting,which seems to be lacking in Serbia. I will examine Serbian media reporting and conclude that it does not further the Tribunals purposes, thus negatively affecting the Serbian public. I will contrast Serbian to Rwandan news reporting in order to show that a higher standard can be expected of these news outlets. Nevertheless, regardless of what kind of reporting is prevalent, the effect on the ground may not be negative if it motivates people to access other sources and thus widen their outlooks on the issues.

Postmodernist texts by non-white authors consistently challenge accepted theoretical discourses with some notion of race or ethnicity. Until recently however, race as a unique category for theoretical investigation has remained largely unexplored. The author here outlines how both a variety of theoretical disscussions about race and ethnicity, about difference, and about experience, have formed the basis of how race is currently talked about in postmodernist discourse and how these various postmodernist discussions about race and difference may both enrich and be enriched by a theoretical examination of French poststructuralist theory. Employing the popular Benetton ads as a vehicle for theorizing a common ground between postmodernist and poststructuralist theory, the author argues that current theoretical discourse must reconceptualize not so much the multiple and varied definitions of "race" by which it has tried to account for the experiences of non-white subjects worldwide, but the very grounds upon which those definitions have been constructed. Race can no longer be thought of as a collective identity predicated on biological similarities but must be re-thought in terms of a transformational metaphor, a multivocal sign for political solidarity and alliance among dispersed groups of people sharing common historical experiences of discrimination and oppression. On this note, the author will herein argue that the naturalized connotations of race must be disarticulated out of racial discourse and rearticulated in such a way as to emphasize race as a contingent, multi-accentual signifier constructed out of varying social and political practices.

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No description available.