Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_anibal_torres.pdf: 438835 bytes, checksum: d43cf21b0af9852e79231f87a87e06ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / The equine theileriosis, caused by Theileria equi, is an endemic disease of south of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil. There are signs that tick Rhipicephalus boophilus microplus still transmit that disease and in few time, some studies had experimental demonstrated it. The purpose of the first study of this paper was to demonstrate the tick infestation and the role of it in the transmission of the disease. In equines with contact directly with cattle, the serum incidence of the disease was 81,8% and in this group, 31,8% of this horses had tick infestation. In the equines that didn t have contact with cattle, the incidence of the disease was 12% and no tick was found in this horses. The most efficient drug in the treatment of the disease is imidocarb dipropionate. Many studies had demonstrated different doses and protocols of treatment of the disease and the toxicity of it was obvious. No study had show the sterile of T. equi with this drug, but it s a way to treat the acute disease and to control the chronic theileriosis. The acute form of the disease is seemed with fever, icteric and death. The chronic kind of it is seemed with covered coat, hyporexia, low performance in athlete horses and loss of weight. The goal of the second study of this paper was to show the toxicity and the metabolic effects of imidocarb dipropionate drug into two protocols of treatment ( two groups, 2 and 4mg/kg) in serum positive horses to theileriosis. It was seemed through hepatic and renal profile that 2mg/kg of the drug have low toxicity. Horses infected with T. equi keep with the disease for the rest of your lives, and the drug control with imidocarb dipropionate is necessary. The goal of the third study of this paper was to demonstrated, through immunologic test and clinic examination that 2mg/kg of imidocarb dipropionate monthly can control the chronic disease even in stress situations. One group received monthly, through 6 mouths, 2mg/kg of imidocarb dipropionate and the other group, once, in the beginning of it, 4mg/kg. The conclusion of this paper is that the incidence of equine theileriosis have a directly relation with the catle contact because it cause the tick Rhipicephalus Boophilus mircoplus infestation. Mensal dosis with 2mg/kg of imidocarb dipropionate is efficient in the disease control and it had demonstrated that it is not toxic for equine. / A theileriose equina, causada pelo hemoprotozoário Theileria equi, é uma doença endêmica na região da campanha do Rio Grande do Sul. Há indícios de que o carrapato Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus transmita também a theileriose equina e, há pouco tempo, estudos demonstraram experimentalmente esta transmissão. O objetivo do primeiro trabalho foi demonstrar a infestação de carrapatos Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus e o papel importante deste parasita na transmissão de theileriose equina. Em cavalos com contato direto com bovinos, a incidência sorológica da doença foi de 81,8%, sendo que em 31,8% destes animais se encontrou carrapatos Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus. Nos equinos sem contato com bovinos, a incidência sorológica foi de 12% e não se encontrou carrapatos. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado a eficiência no tratamento da doença com dipropionato de imidocarb em diferentes doses, porém a toxicidade deste fármaco se manifesta em alguns animais. A forma aguda é caracterizada por febre, icterícia e morte. A forma crônica é descrita por pêlo arrepiado, hiporexia, queda no desempenho em animais atletas e perda de peso. O objetivo do segundo trabalho foi demonstrar a toxicidade e os efeitos metabólicos do dipropionato de imidocarb em duas doses terapêuticas (2 e 4mg/kg). Foi sugerido, através do perfil hepático e renal, após a administração da droga, que 2mg/kg deste fármaco tem uma toxicidade leve e temporária no período de metabolização da droga. Uma vez infectados com a T. equi, os equinos permanecem a vida toda positivos para a doença. Com isso o controle da enfermidade depende da utilização do dipropionato de imidocarb. O objetivo do terceiro trabalho foi demonstrar, através do teste de imunofluorescência indireta e exame clínico, que doses mensais de dipropionato de imidocarb á 2 mg/kg são eficazes para se manter a parasitemia e a clínica da doença controladas, mesmo que os animais sejam submetidos á situações de estresse. Um grupo recebeu mensalmente, por seis meses, 2mg/kg de dipropionato de imidocarb e o outro grupo, 4mg/kg apenas uma vez no primeiro mês. A conclusão desta dissertação é que a incidência da theileriose equina tem relação direta com a convivência com bovinos por facilitar a infestação destes com o carrapato Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus; e que, doses mensais de dipropionato de imidocarb, à 2mg/kg, são eficazes no controle da parasitemia da doença mesmo em situações de estresse e não se demonstram tòxicas para os equinos.

Text in English / Corridor disease is an economically important tick-borne disease of cattle in southern Africa. The disease is caused by Theileria parva and transmitted by the vectors, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis. There is currently no vaccine to protect cattle against T. parva that is permitted in South Africa. To develop recombinant anti-tick vaccines against Corridor disease, comprehensive databases of genes expressed in the tick’s salivary glands are required. Therefore, in Chapters 2 and 3, mRNA from the salivary glands of R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis was sequenced and assembled using next generation sequencing technologies. Respectively, 12 761 and 13 584 non-redundant protein sequences were predicted from the sialotranscriptomes of R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis and uploaded to public sequence domains. This greatly expanded the number of sequences available for the two vectors, which will be invaluable resources for the selection of vaccine candidates in future. Further, in Chapter 3, differential gene expression analysis in R. zambeziensis revealed dynamic expression of secretory protein transcripts during feeding, suggestive of stringent transcriptional regulation of these proteins. Knowledge of these intricate expression profiles will further assist vaccine development in future. In Chapter 4, comparative sialotranscriptomic analyses were performed between R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis. The ticks have previously shown varying vector competence for T. parva and this chapter presents the search for correlates of this variance. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using these and other publically available tick transcriptomes, which indicated that R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis are closely related but distinct species. However, significant expression differences were observed between the two ticks, specifically of genes involved in tick immunity or pathogen transmission, signifying potential bioinformatic signatures of vector competence. Furthermore, nearly four thousand putative long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were predicted in each of the two ticks. A large number of these showed differential expression and suggested a potential transcriptional regulatory function of lncRNA in tick blood feeding. LncRNAs are completely unexplored in ticks. Finally, in Chapter 5, concluding remarks are given on the potential impact the R. appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis sialotranscriptomes may have on future vaccine developments and some future research endeavours are discussed. / Life and Consumer Sciences / Ph. D. (Life Sciences)