<div>The global demand for energy of mankind, the ever-increasing cost of energy, and the expected depletion of fossil energy carriers within the next centuries urge the exploration of alternative and more sustainable ways to provide energy. The current quest for energy-efficient technologies for the replacement of existing cooling devices has made the magnetocaloric effect a field of current scientific interest. Cooling technologies based on magnetic refrigerants are expected to have a better environmental impact compared with those based on the gas compression-expansion cycle. This technology provides an alternative for refrigeration applications with advantages, such as high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low power consumption. In search of promising magnetocaloric materials, several rare earth-depleted transition metal-based materials were designed and investigated.</div><div>In this work, RCrxAl2-x and RZnAl (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) belonging to the ternary rare-earth transition-metal Laves phases, were chosen as the starting point to establish the effect of valence electron concentration (VEC) on the magnetic behavior and magnetocaloric effect. Our result and the results from the previously studied RTAl phases (T = Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) shows that the perturbation of the valence electron concentration at the Fermi level is found to be the driving force that dictates the crystal structure, magnetocaloric and magnetic properties of these systems. Most notably, the decrease in the valence electron concentration at the Fermi level leads to an increase in the curie temperature.</div><div>In addition, we have further extended this theory to GdNiAl2 systems. GdNiAl2 is a known magnetocaloric material which exhibits an isothermal magnetic entropy change of ΔSM = 16.0 Jkg-1K-1 at TC = 28K under a magnetic field change from 0-5T. However, the low TC limits its application as a room temperature refrigerant. We, therefore, substituted Co for (Ni/Al) in the structure of GdNiAl2, intending to substantially perturb the position of the Fermi level of Ni since that will lead to a decrease in the VEC and hence elevate the TC. The study was also extended to another Icosagenides (Ga,), which saw the substitution of Ga for Al in GdNiAl2 and its Co substituted analogs. The Ga analogs exhibit complex magnetic behavior with a cascade (multiple) of magnetic transitions, as opposed to the rather simple magnetism of their Al congeners.</div>

<p></p><p>Global demand for high performance, low cost, and eco-friendly electronics is ever increasing. Ion/charge transport ability and mechanical adaptability constitute two critical performance metrics of battery and semiconductor materials, which are fundamentally correlated with their structural dynamics under various operating conditions. It is imperative to reach the mechanistic understanding of the structure-property relationships of electronic materials to develop principles of materials design. Nevertheless, the intricate atomic structure and elusive phase behaviors in the operation of devices challenge direct experimental observations. Herein, we employ a spectrum of modeling methods, including quantum chemistry, ab-initio modeling, and molecular dynamics simulation, to systematically study the phase dynamics and physico-mechanical behaviors of multiple electronic materials, ranging from transition-metal cathodes, polymer derived ceramics anodes, to organic semiconductor crystals. The multiscale atomistic modeling enriches the fundamental understanding of the electro-chemo-mechanical behaviors of battery materials, which provides insight on designing state-of-the-art energy materials with high capacity and high structural stability. By leveraging the genetic-algorithm refined molecular modeling and phase transformation theory, we unveil the molecular mechanisms of thermo-, super- and ferroelastic transition in organic semiconductor crystals, thus promoting new avenues of adaptive organic electronics by molecular design. Furthermore, the proposed computational methodologies and theoretical frameworks throughout the thesis can find use in exploring the phase dynamics in a variety of environmentally responsive electronics.</p><p></p>

Over the last decade, a confluence of strategic and security concerns has threatened the European Union’s survival both within and beyond its political dimension. As a result, security and defence have risen to the top of the EU’s political agenda, culminating in the approval of the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) in 2016. The EUGS represented a watershed moment in the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy: the EU agreed on ambitious levels of security and defence. The new policy is based on supporting capacity building among member states through instruments such as PESCO. Nonetheless, these instruments have caused variations in patterns of member state behaviour that have enhanced defense integration. This research aims to understand what was the PESCO institutional effect on Member States' preferences and how it has affected the European security and defense goals. The research highlights the role of European agencies and how they contributed to solve collective action problem through a ‘forum effect' on participants, using pro-actively the task of assessing co-operative projects proposals. As a result, PESCO’s institutional effect led to cooperative outcomes between nations that allowed them to overcome coordination dilemmas, namely uncertainty about the willingness to contribute to a common project, which is typical of defense cooperation. Here, we used Rational Choice Institutionalism theory to investigate the PESCO project structure and its interaction with the European Defence policy. Cooperation between participating member states is presented within a cooperative game action, as part of a theoretical approach to game theory. It explains formally how PESCO entails elements to overcome collective action problem among participating member states, while emphasising the institutional design that promoted the European interests, and how this has led to more Europeanised security and defence. Findings are interpreted under the Differentiated integration concept.

The interest in structural health monitoring (SHM) has grown considerably in the past half century, due to an explosive growth in the availability of new sensors, the development of powerful data analysis techniques, and the increasing number of civil infrastructure that are approaching or exceeding their initial design life. In SHM, we acquire observation on the behavior of a structure to understand its condition state, based on which we decide how to manage it properly. However, this optimistic view of SHM is in contrast with what happen in real life: infrastructure operators are typically skeptical about the capacity of monitoring to support decisions, and instead of following the suggestions provided by SHM, they often act based on their experience or common sense. The reason is that at present it is not fully clear how in practice to make decisions based on monitoring observation. To fill this gap between theory and practice, I propose to consider SHM as a logical process of making decision based on observation consisting of two steps: judgment, in which the condition state of structures is inferred based on SHM data, and decision, in which the optimal action is identified based on a rational and economic principle. From this perspective, a monitoring system should provide information that can improe he managers knoledge on he srcral condiion sae enough to allow them to make better decision on the structure management. Therefore, in designing a monitoring system, the design target must be the accuracy in the knowledge of structural state achieved analyzing the observations provided by it. However, when an engineer designs a monitoring system, the approach is often heuristic, with performance evaluation based on experience or common sense rather than on quantitative analysis. For this reason, I propose a performance-based monitoring system design, which is a quantitative method for the calculation of the expected performance of a monitoring solution a pre-posteriori and for checking it effectiveness in the design phase. It is based on the calculation of the monitoring capacity and the monitoring demand the counterparts of structural capacity and demand in the semi-probabilistic structural design, and like in structural design, the solution is satisfactory if the capacity is equal or better than the demand. The choice in whether to invest a limited budget on a monitoring system or in a retrofit is another critical choice for infrastructure managers: a retrofit work can increase the capacity and the safety of a structure, while sensors do not change the capacity, nor reduce the loads. Recently, the SHM-community has acknowledged that the benefit of installing a monitoring system can be properly quantified using the concept of Value of Information (VoI). A typical assumption in the VoI estimation is that a single decision-maker is in charge for decisions on both the investment in SHM for a structure, and its management based on SHM data. However, this process is usually more complex in the real world, with more individuals involved in the decision chain. Therefore, I formalize a rational method for quantifying the conditional value of information when two different actors are involved in the decision chain: the manager, who operate the structure based on monitoring data; and the owner, who chooses whether to install the monitoring system or not, before having access to these data. The results are particularly interested, showing that under appropriate conditions, the owner may be willing to pay to prevent the manager to use the monitoring system. Application to case studies are presented for all the research contribution presented in this doctoral thesis.

<p>  </p> <p>Magnetism plays a vital role in the technologies of today, and materials used for magnetic applications largely consist of solid state phases. Intermetallic chalcogenides are one such material which have exhibited a full range of properties useful for a variety of applications requiring soft magnets, superconductors, magnetocalorics, and even rarer magnetic phenomenon such as 1D Heisenburg magnetic chains. Solid state chemists continue to develop new synthesis methods for chalcogenides as they produce both new phases and modifications of existing phases, usually with the express intent of improving their physical and chemical properties. Low dimensional chalcogenides often have predictable structure-property relationships which when understood aids in these efforts of optimizing existing materials.</p> <p>In this work, we have synthesized novel, low-dimensional Tl1-xAxFe3Te3 (A = K, Na)-based magnetocalorics for magnetic refrigeration technologies utilizing a variety of synthetic methods. Doping of alkali metals into the thallium site simultaneously reduces the toxicity and cost of the material, and also modifies their crystal structures leading to changes in their magnetic properties including ordering temperature, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic hysteresis, coercivity, and magnetic entropies. Most notably, the magnetic ordering temperature has been boosted from 220 K of the prior known TlFe3Te3 phase up to 233 K in the new Tl0.68Na0.32Fe2.76Te3.32 phase, further towards room temperature which is required for the commercialization of magnetic refrigerants for home appliances. There exist strong magnetostructural correlations for most of the alterations in the magnetic properties, and relationships have been modelled where trends exist to match the magnetism to the changes in the unit cell of the structure.</p> <p>New synthetic methods were also developed for the ternary TBi4S7 (T = transition metal) phase which exhibits a pseudo-1D structure of Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains. These synthetic techniques resulted in more consistent high purity of phases than methods reported previously in literature. Attempts at synthesizing new phases were made, and crystallographic and composition analysis methods suggested the synthesis of a new Mn1-xCoxBi4S7 phase, though magnetic impurities prevented characterization of this new material’s magnetic properties. </p>

<p dir="ltr">Zeolites are microporous crystalline aluminosilicates that are widely used as catalysts for upgrading hydrocarbons and oxygenates to higher value chemicals and fuels. The substitution of tetrahedral Si⁴⁺ with Al³⁺ in a charge-neutral silica framework ([SiO_4/2]) generates anionic centers ([AlO_4/2]^-), which charge-compensate Brønsted acid protons (H⁺) that serve as active sites for catalysis. Brønsted acid sites in aluminosilicates of diverse topologies have similar acid strength, but can be located within varying intracrystalline (or internal) microporous environments (0.4‒2 nm diameter) or at extracrystalline (or external) surfaces and mesoporous environments (>2 nm diameter); yet, catalytic diversity exists, <i>even</i> for a fixed zeolite framework topology, because micropores impose constraints on molecular access to and from intracrystalline active sites and provide van der Waals contacts that influence the stabilities of reactive intermediates and transition states. Tailoring the material properties of a given zeolite framework for targeted catalytic applications requires strategies to design both the bulk crystallite properties (e.g., morphology, active site density) that influence intracrystalline diffusion and the secondary environments that surround active sites and influence intrinsic kinetics, and further necessitates molecular-level insights to elucidate the influences of bulk and active site properties on catalysis. In this work, we provide synthetic and post-synthetic strategies to respectively tune active site environments within varying micropore voids and at external surfaces of zeolites, and develop gas-phase toluene methylation and liquid-phase mesitylene benzylation as probe reactions to quantify the catalytic consequences of active site environments on aromatic alkylation catalysis.</p><p dir="ltr">The MFI framework (orthorhombic phase) consists of 12 crystallographic distinct tetrahedral-sites and 26 unique framework oxygen atoms located around channels (~0.55 nm diameter) or channel intersections (~0.70 nm diameter). The synthesis of MFI zeolites using the conventional tetra-<i>n</i>-propylammonium (TPA⁺) organic structure directing agent (OSDA) is known to place framework Al and their attendant H⁺ sites within the larger intersection environments, because electrostatic interactions are favorable between such locations of [AlO_4/2]^- and the quaternary N⁺ center in TPA⁺ that becomes positioned rigidly within channel intersections during crystallization. The methylation of toluene by dimethyl ether (DME; 403 K) on MFI-TPA zeolites of fixed active site densities (~2 Al per unit cell) result in <i>ortho</i>-xylene (<i>o</i>-X; ~65%) as the major product over <i>para</i>-xylene (<i>p</i>-X; ~27%) and <i>meta</i>-xylene (<i>m</i>-X; ~8%). In contrast, toluene methylation on MFI zeolites (~2 Al per unit cell) synthesized using non-conventional OSDAs, such as ethylenediamine (EDA) or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), predominantly forms <i>p</i>-X (~75%) over <i>o</i>-X (~23%) and <i>m</i>-X (~2%). Within the subsets of MFI-TPA and MFI-EDA/DABCO zeolites, measured xylene formation rates and isomer selectivities are independent of crystallite sizes (0.1‒13 µm), toluene conversions (0.02‒2.0%) and external H⁺ content (up to 9% external H⁺ per total Al), indicating negligible effects of diffusion-enhanced secondary xylene isomerization reactions at intracrystalline or extracrystalline domains. The invariance of xylene isomer selectivity with reactant pressures (0.2‒9 kPa toluene, 25‒66 kPa DME) or methylating agent (1‒4 kPa methanol) indicate that differences in reactivity of toluene to form each xylene isomer reflects differences in the stabilities of their respective kinetically relevant transition states that share the same reactive intermediate. Measured xylene isomer formation rate constants and rate constant ratios, obtained from mechanism-derived rate expressions and interpreted using transition state theory formalisms, are used alongside density functional theory (DFT) calculations to reveal that intersection void environments (~0.70 nm diameter) similarly stabilize all three xylene transition states over unconfined surfaces (>2 nm diameter) without altering the established aromatic substitution patterns, while channel void environments (~0.55 nm diameter) preferentially destabilize bulkier <i>o</i>-X and <i>m</i>-X transition states thereby resulting in high intrinsic <i>p</i>-X selectivity. DFT calculations reveal that the ability of protonated DABCO complexes to reorient within MFI intersections and participate in additional hydrogen-bonding interactions with anionic Al centers during synthesis, facilitates the placement of Al in smaller channel environments that are less favored by TPA⁺. These molecular-level details, enabled by combining synthesis, characterization, kinetics and DFT, establish a mechanistic link between OSDA structure, active site placement and transition state stability, and provide active site design strategies orthogonal to crystallite design approaches that rely on complex reaction-diffusion phenomena.</p><p dir="ltr">For various reactions including toluene methylation at higher reaction temperatures (573‒773 K) and toluene conversions (>10%), extracrystalline H⁺ sites in MFI zeolites are reported to influence reactivity, selectivity, and deactivation behavior during catalysis in undesired ways. Post-synthetic chemical treatments to passivate external H⁺ sites on MFI zeolites result in unintended (but not always undesirable) changes to bulk structural properties and Al and H⁺ contents. The number of extracrystalline H⁺ sites is difficult to quantify using conventional spectroscopic or titrimetric methods, especially when present in dilute amounts on samples whose surfaces have been passivated. The systematic treatment of MFI zeolites (2.4, 5.7 and 7.1 Al per unit cell) using ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS) at varying treatment duration times, AHFS concentrations and number of successive treatments resulted in MFI zeolites that retain their bulk structural properties and total Al and H⁺ contents, except for one parent MFI sample containing a significant amount of non-framework Al species. The benzylation of mesitylene by dibenzyl ether (363 K) occurs exclusively at external H⁺ sites because the bulky 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-benzylbenzene product is sterically prevented from forming at intracrystalline H⁺ sites. The intrinsic zero-order rate constant (per external H⁺) for mesitylene benzylation is extracted from rate measurements (per total Al) on a suite of untreated MFI samples with known amounts of external H⁺ sites (1‒15% external H⁺ per total Al) quantified using bulky 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butylpyridine base titrants. Measured zero-order rate constants on AHFS-treated MFI zeolites are used to quantify the extent to which AHFS treatments passivate external H⁺ sites, revealing efficacies that depend on the specific treatment conditions and the parent sample used. The developed kinetic methods demonstrate the utility of catalytic probes, when compared to stoichiometric probes based on spectroscopic or titration methods, in amplifying and quantifying dilute concentrations of external H⁺ sites on zeolites. The methods enable comparisons of the efficacy of various post-synthetic passivation strategies and permit rigorous assessments of the influence of external H⁺ during acid catalysis.</p><p dir="ltr">Overall, this work provides (post-)synthetic strategies to tune active site environments within intracrystalline micropores or at extracrystalline surfaces and develops quantitative kinetic probes that enable a molecular-level understanding of catalytic consequences of active site environments on aromatic alkylation reactions. Taken together, the methodology and findings of this study have broader implications in zeolite catalyst design for selectively upgrading traditional fossil feedstocks (crude oil and shale gas) and emerging feedstocks (biomass and waste plastics).</p>

Im Februar 2024 leitet die EU-Kommission ein Verfahren gegen TikTok ein. Der Plattform wird vorgeworfen, neben schädlichen und jugendgefährdenden Inhalten ein «süchtig machendes Design» zu verwenden1. Die Gestaltung der App, das infinite scrolling, der sticky content und die personalisierten Inhalte, würden ein erhöhtes Risiko für die Nutzer:innen darstellen. Zur gleichen Zeit berät der Rat der Europäischen Kommission über eine Ecodesign-Verordnung2, mit der die Vernichtung von Neuwaren verboten werden soll und läuft beim Bund eine Ausschreibung zur Förderung von sozialen Innovationen, «um die Transformation gemeinwohlorientiert zu gestalten, die Partizipation und Mitgestaltung betroffener Akteure zu gewährleisten, Lebensstile zu verändern und Zielkonflikte auszugleichen»3. Gestaltung, einmal als hinterhältiges Werkzeug zur subtilen Manipulation, einmal als Hoffnungsträger, um im Sinne des Green New Deals4 die Unvereinbarkeit von wachstumsorientiertem Wohlstand und einem umweltverträglichen Leben zu überwinden. In beiden Beispielen aber wird deutlich, dass der Designdisziplin eine Handlungsfähigkeit zugeschrieben wird, etwas bewirken zu können, auch unabhängig vom jeweiligen Wertekanon. Was könnte schon schief gehen? – Eine Kernfrage der diesjährigen Jahrestagung der DGTF, so optimistisch wie auch provozierend, stellt die Rolle von Designer:innen und Designpraktiken im Umgang mit gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen, politischen und ökologischen Herausforderungen ins Zentrum der Debatte. Neben der disziplinären Selbstbefragung, inwiefern eine systematische Folgenabschätzung zum Instrumentarium der Designforschung gehören sollte, wie es etwa in den Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften der Fall ist, ging es auch darum, die Wirkungsmacht der Gestaltung kritisch zu beleuchten. Diese Überlegungen führen zu den zentralen Fragen der DGTF-Tagung 2024: Welche Wirkungsmacht hat Design tatsächlich? Wie erzielt Design Impact? Wie gehen wir mit den Konsequenzen von Gestaltung um? Wie kann die Wirkung von Design gemessen werden?:Wirkungsabmessung und Folgenabschätzung im Design? Steuerung planvoller Veränderung Design als Akteurin des Wandels Übersicht der Beiträge in diesem Band Referenzen

In February 2024, the EU Commission initiated proceedings against TikTok, accusing the platform of using an «addictive design,» compounded by harmful content that poses risks to young people1. The visual design of the app, infinite scrolling, sticky content, and personalized recommendations, presents an increased risk to users. Simultaneously, the Council of the European Commission is discussing an Ecodesign Regulation2 that would prohibit the destruction of new goods. Further, the German federal government is soliciting proposals for funding social innovations that aim to «design the transformation in a way that benefits the common good, ensuring the participation and co-creation of affected actors, encouraging lifestyle changes, and balancing out conflicting goals.»3 Design, in this sense, appears twofold: on one hand, as a devious tool for subtle manipulation; on the other, as a beacon of hope, promising to bridge the gap between growth-oriented prosperity and environmentally sustainable living in the spirit of the Green New Deal4. Yet, both examples show that design as a discipline is credited with the power to effect social change, irrespective of the particular canon of values. What could possibly go wrong? – This provocative yet optimistic question serves as the core of this year’s DGTF annual conference, highlighting the role of designers and design practices in addressing current social, political, and ecological challenges. The conference encourages a self-critical examination of design: Should a systematic impact assessment become part of design research’s toolkit, akin to the environmental and sustainability sciences? A parallel discussion asks us to scrutinize design’s influence and the implications of its power. These considerations lead to the central questions of the DGTF Conference 2024: What is the actual power of design? How does design achieve impact? How do we handle the consequences of design? And is it possible to measure the impact of design at all?:Impact measurement and impact assessment in design? Governance of planned change Desing as an agent of change Overview of the contributions in this volume References

Die 20. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Designtheorie und -Forschung (DGTF) im April 2024 stand unter dem Titel 'Design als Wagnis – Risiken und Nebenwirkungen der Gestaltung'. Sie reflektierte über die Rolle von Designer:innen angesichts gesellschaftlicher, politischer und ökologischer Herausforderungen. Zentrale Diskussionspunkte waren die Wirkungsmacht des Designs sowie die Notwendigkeit einer systematischen Wirkungsmessung und Folgenabschätzung. Der Konferenzband “What could possibly go wrong?” beleuchtet die Spannung, die mit der Frage nach der Wirkung im Design einhergeht: Einerseits wird Design als potenzieller Hoffnungsträger gesehen, um eine nachhaltige, gesellschaftliche Transformationen anzustoßen. Andererseits wird der Umgang mit Ressourcen, Produktionsketten oder Erkenntnissen, die im Forschungsprozess gewonnen werden, kritisch hinterfragt, insbesondere in Bezug auf mögliche negative Auswirkungen und Abhängigkeiten und die Reproduktion von Machtstrukturen. Die Publikation kartiert aktuelle Forschungsansätze in der Designforschung, mit der Zielsetzung, die Wirkungsbezüge in Designprozessen, Methodenansätzen und Theoriebildung greifbar zu machen. Die Modellbildung innerhalb der Designforschung steht dahin gehend noch am Anfang, während in den Nachhaltigkeits-, Sozial- und Ingenieurswissenschaften bereits etablierte Modelle existieren. Daher wird die Frage aufgeworfen, wie die Wirkung von Design gemessen werden kann, sowohl in Bezug auf soziale Innovationen und gesellschaftliche Interventionen als auch im Kontext von produzierenden Unternehmen. Der Konferenzband thematisiert erste Ansätze, reflektiert die Rolle von Design in inter- und transdisziplinären Forschungs- und Praxiskooperationen und zeigt dabei die Grenzen und Herausforderungen insbesondere in Bezug auf Machtstrukturen und Ausschlüsse. Die 24 Beiträge aus 20 peer-reviewed Artikeln und drei Visual Essays bieten vielfältige Einblicke zu den Themen Shifting Perspectives, Impact and Measurement, Power and Complicity, Design Challenges, Social Innovation, Designing Governance, Managing Risk? and Exploring the Unknown. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Designfolgenabschätzung diskutiert sowie die Etablierung einer Fehlerkultur, die Raum bietet für Lernprozesse und unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und nicht zuletzt die Verantwortung von Designer:innen, wenn es darum geht, um soziale, ökologische und wirtschaftliche Ziele zu berücksichtigen und ungehörte Stimmen zu integrieren. Zusammenfassend reflektieren die einzelnen Beiträge über die Notwendigkeit einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem modernistischen Denken, das oft mit dem Design verbunden wird und techno-optimistische Vorstellungen von der Gestaltung einer besseren Zukunft vermittelt. Es wird angeregt, eine Perspektive einzunehmen, die die Rolle des Designs in einem komplexen Netzwerk von Akteuren und Einflüssen betrachtet und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft, Umwelt und Zukunft kritisch hinterfragt.:What could possibly go wrong? 6 IBACH, AUGSTEN, VOGELSANG SOCIAL INNOVATION AND DESIGN CHALLENGES Incorporate agentiality into the design process for digital pain assessment using a flexible framework instead of user requirements 24 BREUER, MÜHLENBEREND, MEISSNER, ARNOLD, BAUMBACH, WILLMANN Medical Design – Zwischen Nachhaltigkeit und Sicherheit: Entwicklung einer zellstoffbasierten, ökologischeren Gesichtsmaske 38 MOOR, EGLOFF, HÜGLI Zwischen Desinfektion und Distinktion: Zur Designgeschichte der medizinischen Schutzmaske 54 LEYSIEFFER Spekulativer Geschichtsrevisionismus 66 BOHAUMILITZKY Something Wicked This Way Comes 78 A Problematic Paradigm for Design in Times of Crisis MEHL Traversing Cognitive Spaces. Material Samples for Harnessing Tacit Knowledge 88 Workshop on Experimental Negotiation Methods (Visual Essay) EGGER, LEPENIK DESIGNING GOVERNANCE – POWER AND COMPLICITY Interfacing Natural History Museums Future avenues for Natural History Collections from an Eco-Social Design Perspective 96 HARLES Design in öko-sozialen Transformationsprozessen 108 Eine explorative Betrachtung seiner Wirkung und Wirkungsmacht FINEDER, BAEDEKER, FASTENRATH, KREMSER, LIEDTKE Tacit and Situated Knowledge 120 Co-Creation Literacy für die Anschlussfähigkeit von Gestaltungsmethoden im transdisziplinären Forschungskontext KARRENBROCK, BRENDEL, POPPLOW Sustainability by Design 134 The use of design methodologies in transferring ecological and economic theories into everyday life BRÄNDLE, JÄGER, ASSADI, SCHMEER Co-designing Participation with Young People in the Smart City 146 Learning from the Early Stages of a Co-design Process with an Overlooked Group KNABE «Wer sind wir, wenn wir gestalten?» 158 Zur Ko-Konstitution von Rollenbildern im Design ERNST Ethik, Werte, Utopien 170 zum Werkzeugcharakter des Gestalterischen für Fragen nach der Zukunft (Visual Essay) UNGER-BÜTTNER, KNAPP, KINTSCHER-SCHMIDT, ECKSTEIN, LIPPERT IMPACT AND MEASUREMENT – MANAGING RISK? Designbasierte Aufstellung als emotionales Wagnis 180 Wie Gestaltung organisationale Transformationsprozesse in Bewegung bringt LUMER, SEEWALD, ZETTL, TRÜBSWETTER Wirtschaft und Nachhaltigkeit als Zielkonflikt bei der Entwicklung zirkulärer Textilien 188 Ein Beispiel aus der angewandten Designforschung TOMOVIC, HÜGLI Jenseits der Paralyse 206 Designlehre zwischen Dringlichkeit und Exploration SAMETINGER, RITZMANN If all is designed, why aren’t we done yet? 220 PLAISIER Design und Kontingenz 230 Was leisten sozialkonstruktivistische Perspektiven für Theorie und Praxis? EBERT Taking design’s impact for a walk 240 A roving panel in the Roterwald (Visual Essay) GASPAR MALLOL MELTZER SHIFTING PERSPEKTIVES – EXPLORING THE UNKOWN The Ecological Self 254 Exploring Relational Ontologies through Design WEIGAND Multispecies ways of knowing 262 How to bring Multispecies Design into practice HARLES Medien*ökologische Gestaltungsprinzipien für eine bio*inklusive Lebensraumgestaltung 274 GERLOFF, TORPUS, KÜFFER, AMBERG, SPINDLER, SCHAUER, KÜRY Untangling More-Than-Human Design Words and Worlds 288 Cautionary Insights and Considerations LÓPEZ BARBERA / The 20th annual conference of the German Society for Design Theory and Research (DGTF) in April 2024 was entitled 'Design as a risk - risks and side effects of design'. It reflected the role of designers in the face of social, political, and ecological challenges. Central discussion points were the power of design and the need for systematic impact measurement and impact assessment. The conference proceedings 'What could possibly go wrong?' shed light on the tension that goes hand in hand with the question of impact in design: on the one hand, design is seen as a potential beacon of hope for initiating sustainable, social transformations. On the other hand, handling resources, production chains, or knowledge gained in the research process is critically scrutinized, especially concerning possible negative effects and dependencies and the reproduction of power structures. The publication maps current research approaches in design research intending to make the impact relationships in design processes, methodological approaches, and theory formation tangible. In this respect, modelling within design research is still in its infancy, while established models already exist in the sustainability, social, and engineering sciences. This raises the question of how the impact of design can be measured, both concerning social innovations and social interventions, as well as in the context of manufacturing companies. The conference volume addresses initial approaches, reflects on the role of design in inter- and transdisciplinary research and practice collaborations, and shows the limits and challenges, particularly regarding power structures and exclusions. The 24 contributions from 21 peer-reviewed articles and three visual essays offer diverse insights into Shifting Perspectives, Impact and Measurement, Power and Complicity, Design Challenges, Social Innovation, Designing Governance, Managing Risk? and Exploring the Unknown. In this context, design impact assessment is discussed as well as the establishment of a culture of error that offers space for learning processes and different perspectives and, finally, the responsibility of designers when taking social, ecological, and economic goals into account and integrating unheard voices. The individual contributions reflect the need for a critical examination of modernist thinking, which is often associated with design and conveys techno-optimistic ideas of shaping a better future. It is encouraged to adopt a perspective that considers the role of design in a complex network of actors and influences and critically scrutinizes its impact on society, the environment, and the future.:What could possibly go wrong? 6 IBACH, AUGSTEN, VOGELSANG SOCIAL INNOVATION AND DESIGN CHALLENGES Incorporate agentiality into the design process for digital pain assessment using a flexible framework instead of user requirements 24 BREUER, MÜHLENBEREND, MEISSNER, ARNOLD, BAUMBACH, WILLMANN Medical Design – Zwischen Nachhaltigkeit und Sicherheit: Entwicklung einer zellstoffbasierten, ökologischeren Gesichtsmaske 38 MOOR, EGLOFF, HÜGLI Zwischen Desinfektion und Distinktion: Zur Designgeschichte der medizinischen Schutzmaske 54 LEYSIEFFER Spekulativer Geschichtsrevisionismus 66 BOHAUMILITZKY Something Wicked This Way Comes 78 A Problematic Paradigm for Design in Times of Crisis MEHL Traversing Cognitive Spaces. Material Samples for Harnessing Tacit Knowledge 88 Workshop on Experimental Negotiation Methods (Visual Essay) EGGER, LEPENIK DESIGNING GOVERNANCE – POWER AND COMPLICITY Interfacing Natural History Museums Future avenues for Natural History Collections from an Eco-Social Design Perspective 96 HARLES Design in öko-sozialen Transformationsprozessen 108 Eine explorative Betrachtung seiner Wirkung und Wirkungsmacht FINEDER, BAEDEKER, FASTENRATH, KREMSER, LIEDTKE Tacit and Situated Knowledge 120 Co-Creation Literacy für die Anschlussfähigkeit von Gestaltungsmethoden im transdisziplinären Forschungskontext KARRENBROCK, BRENDEL, POPPLOW Sustainability by Design 134 The use of design methodologies in transferring ecological and economic theories into everyday life BRÄNDLE, JÄGER, ASSADI, SCHMEER Co-designing Participation with Young People in the Smart City 146 Learning from the Early Stages of a Co-design Process with an Overlooked Group KNABE «Wer sind wir, wenn wir gestalten?» 158 Zur Ko-Konstitution von Rollenbildern im Design ERNST Ethik, Werte, Utopien 170 zum Werkzeugcharakter des Gestalterischen für Fragen nach der Zukunft (Visual Essay) UNGER-BÜTTNER, KNAPP, KINTSCHER-SCHMIDT, ECKSTEIN, LIPPERT IMPACT AND MEASUREMENT – MANAGING RISK? Designbasierte Aufstellung als emotionales Wagnis 180 Wie Gestaltung organisationale Transformationsprozesse in Bewegung bringt LUMER, SEEWALD, ZETTL, TRÜBSWETTER Wirtschaft und Nachhaltigkeit als Zielkonflikt bei der Entwicklung zirkulärer Textilien 188 Ein Beispiel aus der angewandten Designforschung TOMOVIC, HÜGLI Jenseits der Paralyse 206 Designlehre zwischen Dringlichkeit und Exploration SAMETINGER, RITZMANN If all is designed, why aren’t we done yet? 220 PLAISIER Design und Kontingenz 230 Was leisten sozialkonstruktivistische Perspektiven für Theorie und Praxis? EBERT Taking design’s impact for a walk 240 A roving panel in the Roterwald (Visual Essay) GASPAR MALLOL MELTZER SHIFTING PERSPEKTIVES – EXPLORING THE UNKOWN The Ecological Self 254 Exploring Relational Ontologies through Design WEIGAND Multispecies ways of knowing 262 How to bring Multispecies Design into practice HARLES Medien*ökologische Gestaltungsprinzipien für eine bio*inklusive Lebensraumgestaltung 274 GERLOFF, TORPUS, KÜFFER, AMBERG, SPINDLER, SCHAUER, KÜRY Untangling More-Than-Human Design Words and Worlds 288 Cautionary Insights and Considerations LÓPEZ BARBERA

Die 20. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Designtheorie und -Forschung (DGTF) im April 2024 stand unter dem Titel 'Design als Wagnis – Risiken und Nebenwirkungen der Gestaltung'. Sie reflektierte über die Rolle von Designer:innen angesichts gesellschaftlicher, politischer und ökologischer Herausforderungen. Zentrale Diskussionspunkte waren die Wirkungsmacht des Designs sowie die Notwendigkeit einer systematischen Wirkungsmessung und Folgenabschätzung. Der Konferenzband “What could possibly go wrong?” beleuchtet die Spannung, die mit der Frage nach der Wirkung im Design einhergeht: Einerseits wird Design als potenzieller Hoffnungsträger gesehen, um eine nachhaltige, gesellschaftliche Transformationen anzustoßen. Andererseits wird der Umgang mit Ressourcen, Produktionsketten oder Erkenntnissen, die im Forschungsprozess gewonnen werden, kritisch hinterfragt, insbesondere in Bezug auf mögliche negative Auswirkungen und Abhängigkeiten und die Reproduktion von Machtstrukturen. Die Publikation kartiert aktuelle Forschungsansätze in der Designforschung, mit der Zielsetzung, die Wirkungsbezüge in Designprozessen, Methodenansätzen und Theoriebildung greifbar zu machen. Die Modellbildung innerhalb der Designforschung steht dahin gehend noch am Anfang, während in den Nachhaltigkeits-, Sozial- und Ingenieurswissenschaften bereits etablierte Modelle existieren. Daher wird die Frage aufgeworfen, wie die Wirkung von Design gemessen werden kann, sowohl in Bezug auf soziale Innovationen und gesellschaftliche Interventionen als auch im Kontext von produzierenden Unternehmen. Der Konferenzband thematisiert erste Ansätze, reflektiert die Rolle von Design in inter- und transdisziplinären Forschungs- und Praxiskooperationen und zeigt dabei die Grenzen und Herausforderungen insbesondere in Bezug auf Machtstrukturen und Ausschlüsse. Die 24 Beiträge aus 20 peer-reviewed Artikeln und drei Visual Essays bieten vielfältige Einblicke zu den Themen Shifting Perspectives, Impact and Measurement, Power and Complicity, Design Challenges, Social Innovation, Designing Governance, Managing Risk? and Exploring the Unknown. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Designfolgenabschätzung diskutiert sowie die Etablierung einer Fehlerkultur, die Raum bietet für Lernprozesse und unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und nicht zuletzt die Verantwortung von Designer:innen, wenn es darum geht, um soziale, ökologische und wirtschaftliche Ziele zu berücksichtigen und ungehörte Stimmen zu integrieren. Zusammenfassend reflektieren die einzelnen Beiträge über die Notwendigkeit einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem modernistischen Denken, das oft mit dem Design verbunden wird und techno-optimistische Vorstellungen von der Gestaltung einer besseren Zukunft vermittelt. Es wird angeregt, eine Perspektive einzunehmen, die die Rolle des Designs in einem komplexen Netzwerk von Akteuren und Einflüssen betrachtet und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft, Umwelt und Zukunft kritisch hinterfragt.:What could possibly go wrong? 6 IBACH, AUGSTEN, VOGELSANG SOCIAL INNOVATION AND DESIGN CHALLENGES Incorporate agentiality into the design process for digital pain assessment using a flexible framework instead of user requirements 24 BREUER, MÜHLENBEREND, MEISSNER, ARNOLD, BAUMBACH, WILLMANN Medical Design – Zwischen Nachhaltigkeit und Sicherheit: Entwicklung einer zellstoffbasierten, ökologischeren Gesichtsmaske 38 MOOR, EGLOFF, HÜGLI Zwischen Desinfektion und Distinktion: Zur Designgeschichte der medizinischen Schutzmaske 54 LEYSIEFFER Spekulativer Geschichtsrevisionismus 66 BOHAUMILITZKY Something Wicked This Way Comes 78 A Problematic Paradigm for Design in Times of Crisis MEHL Traversing Cognitive Spaces. Material Samples for Harnessing Tacit Knowledge 88 Workshop on Experimental Negotiation Methods (Visual Essay) EGGER, LEPENIK DESIGNING GOVERNANCE – POWER AND COMPLICITY Interfacing Natural History Museums Future avenues for Natural History Collections from an Eco-Social Design Perspective 96 HARLES Design in öko-sozialen Transformationsprozessen 108 Eine explorative Betrachtung seiner Wirkung und Wirkungsmacht FINEDER, BAEDEKER, FASTENRATH, KREMSER, LIEDTKE Tacit and Situated Knowledge 120 Co-Creation Literacy für die Anschlussfähigkeit von Gestaltungsmethoden im transdisziplinären Forschungskontext KARRENBROCK, BRENDEL, POPPLOW Sustainability by Design 134 The use of design methodologies in transferring ecological and economic theories into everyday life BRÄNDLE, JÄGER, ASSADI, SCHMEER Co-designing Participation with Young People in the Smart City 146 Learning from the Early Stages of a Co-design Process with an Overlooked Group KNABE «Wer sind wir, wenn wir gestalten?» 158 Zur Ko-Konstitution von Rollenbildern im Design ERNST Ethik, Werte, Utopien 170 zum Werkzeugcharakter des Gestalterischen für Fragen nach der Zukunft (Visual Essay) UNGER-BÜTTNER, KNAPP, KINTSCHER-SCHMIDT, ECKSTEIN, LIPPERT IMPACT AND MEASUREMENT – MANAGING RISK? Designbasierte Aufstellung als emotionales Wagnis 180 Wie Gestaltung organisationale Transformationsprozesse in Bewegung bringt LUMER, SEEWALD, ZETTL, TRÜBSWETTER Wirtschaft und Nachhaltigkeit als Zielkonflikt bei der Entwicklung zirkulärer Textilien 188 Ein Beispiel aus der angewandten Designforschung TOMOVIC, HÜGLI Jenseits der Paralyse 206 Designlehre zwischen Dringlichkeit und Exploration SAMETINGER, RITZMANN If all is designed, why aren’t we done yet? 220 PLAISIER Design und Kontingenz 230 Was leisten sozialkonstruktivistische Perspektiven für Theorie und Praxis? EBERT Taking design’s impact for a walk 240 A roving panel in the Roterwald (Visual Essay) GASPAR MALLOL, MELTZER SHIFTING PERSPEKTIVES – EXPLORING THE UNKOWN The Ecological Self 254 Exploring Relational Ontologies through Design WEIGAND Multispecies ways of knowing 262 How to bring Multispecies Design into practice HARLES Medien*ökologische Gestaltungsprinzipien für eine bio*inklusive Lebensraumgestaltung 274 GERLOFF, TORPUS, KÜFFER, AMBERG, SPINDLER, SCHAUER, KÜRY Untangling More-Than-Human Design Words and Worlds 288 Cautionary Insights and Considerations LÓPEZ BARBERA / The 20th annual conference of the German Society for Design Theory and Research (DGTF) in April 2024 was entitled 'Design as a risk - risks and side effects of design'. It reflected the role of designers in the face of social, political, and ecological challenges. Central discussion points were the power of design and the need for systematic impact measurement and impact assessment. The conference proceedings 'What could possibly go wrong?' shed light on the tension that goes hand in hand with the question of impact in design: on the one hand, design is seen as a potential beacon of hope for initiating sustainable, social transformations. On the other hand, handling resources, production chains, or knowledge gained in the research process is critically scrutinized, especially concerning possible negative effects and dependencies and the reproduction of power structures. The publication maps current research approaches in design research intending to make the impact relationships in design processes, methodological approaches, and theory formation tangible. In this respect, modelling within design research is still in its infancy, while established models already exist in the sustainability, social, and engineering sciences. This raises the question of how the impact of design can be measured, both concerning social innovations and social interventions, as well as in the context of manufacturing companies. The conference volume addresses initial approaches, reflects on the role of design in inter- and transdisciplinary research and practice collaborations, and shows the limits and challenges, particularly regarding power structures and exclusions. The 24 contributions from 21 peer-reviewed articles and three visual essays offer diverse insights into Shifting Perspectives, Impact and Measurement, Power and Complicity, Design Challenges, Social Innovation, Designing Governance, Managing Risk? and Exploring the Unknown. In this context, design impact assessment is discussed as well as the establishment of a culture of error that offers space for learning processes and different perspectives and, finally, the responsibility of designers when taking social, ecological, and economic goals into account and integrating unheard voices. The individual contributions reflect the need for a critical examination of modernist thinking, which is often associated with design and conveys techno-optimistic ideas of shaping a better future. It is encouraged to adopt a perspective that considers the role of design in a complex network of actors and influences and critically scrutinizes its impact on society, the environment, and the future.:What could possibly go wrong? 6 IBACH, AUGSTEN, VOGELSANG SOCIAL INNOVATION AND DESIGN CHALLENGES Incorporate agentiality into the design process for digital pain assessment using a flexible framework instead of user requirements 24 BREUER, MÜHLENBEREND, MEISSNER, ARNOLD, BAUMBACH, WILLMANN Medical Design – Zwischen Nachhaltigkeit und Sicherheit: Entwicklung einer zellstoffbasierten, ökologischeren Gesichtsmaske 38 MOOR, EGLOFF, HÜGLI Zwischen Desinfektion und Distinktion: Zur Designgeschichte der medizinischen Schutzmaske 54 LEYSIEFFER Spekulativer Geschichtsrevisionismus 66 BOHAUMILITZKY Something Wicked This Way Comes 78 A Problematic Paradigm for Design in Times of Crisis MEHL Traversing Cognitive Spaces. Material Samples for Harnessing Tacit Knowledge 88 Workshop on Experimental Negotiation Methods (Visual Essay) EGGER, LEPENIK DESIGNING GOVERNANCE – POWER AND COMPLICITY Interfacing Natural History Museums Future avenues for Natural History Collections from an Eco-Social Design Perspective 96 HARLES Design in öko-sozialen Transformationsprozessen 108 Eine explorative Betrachtung seiner Wirkung und Wirkungsmacht FINEDER, BAEDEKER, FASTENRATH, KREMSER, LIEDTKE Tacit and Situated Knowledge 120 Co-Creation Literacy für die Anschlussfähigkeit von Gestaltungsmethoden im transdisziplinären Forschungskontext KARRENBROCK, BRENDEL, POPPLOW Sustainability by Design 134 The use of design methodologies in transferring ecological and economic theories into everyday life BRÄNDLE, JÄGER, ASSADI, SCHMEER Co-designing Participation with Young People in the Smart City 146 Learning from the Early Stages of a Co-design Process with an Overlooked Group KNABE «Wer sind wir, wenn wir gestalten?» 158 Zur Ko-Konstitution von Rollenbildern im Design ERNST Ethik, Werte, Utopien 170 zum Werkzeugcharakter des Gestalterischen für Fragen nach der Zukunft (Visual Essay) UNGER-BÜTTNER, KNAPP, KINTSCHER-SCHMIDT, ECKSTEIN, LIPPERT IMPACT AND MEASUREMENT – MANAGING RISK? Designbasierte Aufstellung als emotionales Wagnis 180 Wie Gestaltung organisationale Transformationsprozesse in Bewegung bringt LUMER, SEEWALD, ZETTL, TRÜBSWETTER Wirtschaft und Nachhaltigkeit als Zielkonflikt bei der Entwicklung zirkulärer Textilien 188 Ein Beispiel aus der angewandten Designforschung TOMOVIC, HÜGLI Jenseits der Paralyse 206 Designlehre zwischen Dringlichkeit und Exploration SAMETINGER, RITZMANN If all is designed, why aren’t we done yet? 220 PLAISIER Design und Kontingenz 230 Was leisten sozialkonstruktivistische Perspektiven für Theorie und Praxis? EBERT Taking design’s impact for a walk 240 A roving panel in the Roterwald (Visual Essay) GASPAR MALLOL, MELTZER SHIFTING PERSPEKTIVES – EXPLORING THE UNKOWN The Ecological Self 254 Exploring Relational Ontologies through Design WEIGAND Multispecies ways of knowing 262 How to bring Multispecies Design into practice HARLES Medien*ökologische Gestaltungsprinzipien für eine bio*inklusive Lebensraumgestaltung 274 GERLOFF, TORPUS, KÜFFER, AMBERG, SPINDLER, SCHAUER, KÜRY Untangling More-Than-Human Design Words and Worlds 288 Cautionary Insights and Considerations LÓPEZ BARBERA