The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the population dynamics of the benthos of selected pristine thermal springs.

In a world where fuel economy and crash safety is becoming an important factor in the automotive industry, the need for materials with very high strength-to-weight ratio is growing rapidly. One of the materials used for this purpose is the boron steel 22MnB5. Since the material has very high mechanical yield limit it is hard to produce parts using cold forming, which is the standard procedure for sheet metal forming. Therefore, the use of hot stamping is increasing. Hot stamping enables manufacturing of boron steel parts with good dimensional accuracy and low spring back. However, some amount of spring back is still present during the process. In this thesis, spring back of a hot formed 22MnB5 A-pillar is investigated using computer simulations in the software LS-DYNA. The main focus was to develop a process for simulating spring back in hot stamping. The work started with simulations of the forming and quenching stages of the hot stamping process, both on a full size and on a smaller section of the blank. Simultaneously as the simulations, a literature study was also conducted. The literature study was aimed at finding hints and information on how to build the simulations. Furthermore, interviews were made with experts on both LS-DYNA and hot stamping. A process for spring back evaluation was then created and written as an LS-DYNA keywordfile. In the developed spring back simulation, the part is taken out of the press right after the quenching is finished and placed in a space where it can cool and move freely. The simulation is conducted until the part reaches room temperature. After the quenching is done, data containing temperatures, stresses and strains of the part is exported. This data is then included in the spring back simulation where the part is cooled to room temperature. During the cooling, the stresses, strains and temperatures are equalized until the spring back reaches a steady state. The results indicate that the developed method for spring back evaluation can be used to foresee shape deviations for the intended part and process.

Mawira Sitima is a thermal spring located in the village Sitima outside of Liwonde,Malawi. The spring is used by many of the local villagers to take baths, play around and wash clothes. Washing using detergents in springs may cause harm to the aquatic ecosystems and worsen the water quality, which might pose a health risk to people swimming in the spring. This study compared physico-chemical properties of Mawira Sitima and the soil and plants around it with standards, guidelines and other studies to assess thewater quality of the spring. The water quality of another hot spring, Mawira Liwonde, was also assessed and compared to Mawira Sitima to investigate the potential for recreationaluse of Mawira Sitima. The findings were then used to produce recommendations for future monitoring of relevant variables in the spring. The results indicate that the current water quality of Mawira Sitima is of no concern for the local health and has all basis to be of recreational use. A monitoring system including electrical conductivity, water temperature, pH, total phosphorous, copper, manganese, and iron was recommended based on correlations and trends. Monitoring of extreme meteorological conditions, such as heavy rainfall or drought, were also recommended. / Mawira Sitima är en varm källa belägen i byn Sitima utanför Liwonde, Malawi. Källan används av lokalbefolkningen för att bada, leka och tvätta kläder. Att tvätta med tvättmedel i källor kan skada de akvatiska ekosystemen och försämra vattenkvaliteten vilket kan leda till hälsorisker för de som använder källan. I denna studie jämfördes fysikaliska och kemiska parametrar i Mawira Sitima, och jorden och plantor runtom den, med standarder, riktlinjer och andra studier för att utvärdera vattenkvaliteten i källan. Vattenkvaliteten i en annan källa, Mawira Liwonde, utvärderades också och jämfördes med Mawira Sitima i syftet att undersöka potenitalen för fritidsbruk av Mawira Sitima. Undersökningsresultaten användes sedan för att föreslå ett framtida övervakningssystem av relevanta variabler i källan. Resultaten i studien visar på god vattenkvalitet i Mawira Sitima och stora möjligheter för fritidsbruk. Övervakningssystemet föreslogs innefatta elektrisk konduktivitet, vattentemperatur, pH, totalfosfor, koppar, mangan och järn baserat på korrelationer och trender. Även extremväder såsom stora mängder regn eller extrem torka rekommenderades ingå i övervakningssytemet

The architecture of the spa in the park is conceived as a structure goes through the trees. Spa is space for using thermal spring force.

The spa area is located in western Switzerland in Yverdon-les-Bains, which extends along the southern shores of Lake Neuchâtel. The aim was to replace the current Spa complex which capacity and operationally not meet today's requirements and also to increase capacity accommodation in the form of hotel. New spa complex is placed as solitaire in the area between the spa parks which creates fluent transition between them. Spa function is divided into multiple objects that have their own character, but which in their complexity creates one house. These objects "float" on the surface of the water, unites them and divides its operations at the same time.

Spa is located on the outskirts of the Swiss city of Yverdon. Area is surrounded by disparate buildings especially residential character. There are historical buildings on the land and buildings of the spa and hotel. The current spa and the outbuilding of hotel don´t meet requirements, that´s why the buildings will be replaced by a new complex. Neighbourhood doesn´t have any relationship with the spa, that´s why the whole land is surrounded by a wall. Water surface with three “floating” pavilions is inserted into this closed spa park. There are the public spa, the therapeutic spa and the part of the hotel on the water surface. Each of them works largely independently; they are connected by the water surface. The complex is separated by a part of shallow water from the park. It´s solitaire in the park, but it has close connection with it. The spa complex is located near the forest on the south part of the land, because the whole system is quite open.