The classical continuum theory is not capable of predicting failure without an external crack growth criteria and treats the interface having zero thickness. Alternatively, a nonlocal continuum theory referred to as peridynamic theory eliminates these shortcomings by utilizing formulation that uses displacements, rather than derivatives of displacements, and including material failure in its constitutive relations through the response functions. This study presents a new response function as part of the peridynamic theory to include thermal loading. Furthermore, an efficient numerical algorithm is presented for solution of peridynamic equations. Solution method relies on the discretization of peridynamic equations at collocation points resulting in a set of ordinary differential equations with respect to time. These differential equations are then integrated using explicit methods. In order to improve numerical efficiency of the computations, spatial partitioning is introduced through uniform grids as arrays of linked lists. Furthermore, the domain of interest is divided into subunits each of which is assigned to a specific processor to utilize parallel processing using OpenMP. In order to obtain the static solutions, the adaptive dynamic relaxation method is developed for the solution of peridynamic equations. Furthermore, an approach to couple peridynamic theory and finite element analysis is introduced to take advantage of their salient features. The regions in which failure is expected are modeled using peridynamics while the remaining regions are modeled utilizing finite element method. Finally, the present solution method is utilized for damage prediction of many problems subjected to mechanical, thermal and buckling loads.

This thesis is on fatigue crack growth assessments of a thermomechanical loaded Marine Boiler- Sunrod CPDB12. The installation position of the marine boiler in the ship in relation to its fatigue life under mode 1 loading is investigated. Thermomechanical loading embodies pressures, temperatures, RAO, subjected to the rigid body dynamic of ship in the marine environment.   Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) method was used is predicting the growth rates of the welding flaws at the joint based on stress range of the Paris law relationship. FEA Numerical simulation delivered better crack growth rate assessments and life predictions of the smallest detectable flaws in the boiler.   The identified smallest detestable flaws at the welding joint diminishing the designed safe life of the boiler significantly.  Also, installation position within the ship do affect the fatigue life of the boiler.

L'efficacité de pieux géothermiques (e.g. énergétiques) a été examinée et validée par de nombreuses études à partir de points de vue environnemental et énergétique jusqu'à présent. Néanmoins, la technologie des pieux géothermiques est encore peu connue et rarement appliquée dans la construction, notamment en France comparée à d'autres pays européens. La raison principale du manque d'attention peut être la connaissance limitée sur les impacts du chargement thermomécanique sur le comportement du pieu et celui du sol environnant. Cette thèse vise à étudier les aspects géotechniques des pieux géothermiques grâce aux modélisations physiques et numériques. Un modèle physique est développé afin de mieux connaitre l'interaction sol/pieu sous chargement thermomécanique. Le modèle est composé d'un pieu énergétique équipé des tubes d'échangeur de chaleur, installé dans un sol compacté. Le pieu a d'abord été installé dans un sable sec, puis dans une argile saturée ; il a ensuite été chargé mécaniquement et soumis à des cycles thermiques. L'effet de la charge mécanique, du nombre de cycles thermiques et du type de sol a été étudié. Les résultats montrent la génération de tassements irréversibles au cours des cycles thermiques, dont la quantité augmente avec l'augmentation de la charge en têtes du pieu. La pression totale dans le sol à proximité de la surface du pieu ne change pas par refroidissement et chauffage, tandis que la pression totale au-dessous du pieu augmente progressivement à mesure que les cycles thermiques poursuivent. Les expériences montrent aussi l'évolution des profils de la force axiale avec la température ; la force axiale dans le pieu augmente pendant le refroidissement et diminue pendant l'échauffement. Les comportements au cisaillement du sol (mêmes sols que ceux utilisés dans la première partie) ainsi que de l'interface sol/béton ont été évalués à différentes températures. Pour ce faire, un appareil de cisaillement conventionnel a été équipé d'un système de contrôle de température. Le sol (et l'interface sol/béton) a été soumis à une gamme de contraintes relativement faibles. La consolidation thermique a été effectuée selon un protocole particulier. Il a été observé que l'angle de frottement et la cohésion de matériaux utilisés ne changent pas sensiblement avec température. L'étude numérique a débuté par la simulation d'essais existants dans la littérature sur des pieux énergétiques en appliquant une méthode simplifiée via un code de calcul basé sur la méthode des éléments finis et assez répandu dans la profession. Le changement de la température est simulé en imposant au pieu des déformations volumétriques calculées à partir du coefficient de dilatation thermique du matériau. La méthode prédit correctement le comportement de certains pieux énergétiques à grande échelle en termes de contrainte axiale et de déplacement en tête du pieu. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle important joué par le changement de volume du pieu induit par les variations thermiques sur son comportement mécanique. Dans un second temps, un autre code de calcul offrant la possibilité d'inclure les effets thermique a été utilisé pour la modélisation des essais effectués auparavant sur le modèle physique. Ainsi, en comparant aux modélisations numériques précédemment expliquées, le changement de volume du sol induit par les variations de température est également pris en compte. Les résultats numériques et expérimentaux sont ainsi comparés. On en déduit que le modèle numérique est capable de prédire le comportement des pieux sous chargement purement mécanique. En outre, en simulant des essais thermomécaniques, une bonne estimation du transfert thermique dans le sol est obtenue. En ce qui concerne le comportement mécanique du pieu au cours de cycles thermiques, le modèle numérique prédit bien le tassement progressif du pieu. Cependant, en termes de répartition de la force axiale, on obtient des résultats contradictoires / Energy pile efficiency has been tested and validated by numerous studies from environmental and energy-related points of view until now. Nevertheless, energy pile technology is still more or less unknown and rarely applied in construction, especially in France compared to other European countries. The chief reason for this lack of attention might be the limited knowledge of the impact of the coupled thermo-mechanical loading on the behaviour of the pile and that of the surrounding soil. This thesis aims to study the geotechnical aspects of energy piles through physical modelling and some numerical investigations. A physical model is developed in order to better identify the soil/pile interaction under thermo-mechanical loading. The model is made up of a small pile equiped with a heat exchanger loop embedded in compacted soil. The pile was once installed in dry sand and then in saturated clay; it was then loaded mechanically and was subjected to thermal cycles. The effect of mechanical load value, number of thermal cycles and soil type is studied. The results show the appearance of irreversible settlements during thermal cycles, whose quantity increases as the pile head load increases. Total pressure in the soil close to the pile surface does not change by cooling and heating, while total pressure below the pile increases gradually as thermal cycles proceed. This is in accordance with the permanent downward movement of the pile within thermal cycles. Experiments also show the evolution of axial force profiles with temperature, axial force in the pile increases by cooling and decreases by heating. In another part of the experimental work, we focused on the soil/pile interface. The shear behaviour of the soil (the same as the soils used above) and that of the soil/concrete interface was evaluated at different temperatures. To do this, a conventional shear apparatus was equipped with a temperature control system. Soil (and soil/concrete interface) was subjected to a rather low range of stress. Thermal consolidation was performed according to a special protocol. It was observed that the soil friction angle and cohesion do not change considerably relative to temperature. The numerical study was initiated by simulating existing tests in the literature on energy piles through a finite element code well-known to engineers, applying a simplified method. The thermal load was simulated by imposing volumetric strains calculated from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material on the pile. The method successfully simulates the behaviour of some full-scale energy piles in terms of axial strain and pile head displacement. The results highlight the important role played by the pile thermal volume change on the mechanical behaviour of the energy pile under various thermo-mechanical loadings. In the second stage, another numerical code with the possibility of including temperature effects was used for modelling the tests formerly performed on the physical model. Thus, compared to the first numerical attempts, the soil thermal volume change is also taken into account. The numerical results were compared with the experimental ones obtained from physical modelling. It was deduced that the numerical model could simulate correctly the pile behaviour under purely mechanical loading. Also, simulating thermo-mechanical tests, a good estimation of heat conduction in the soil was achieved numerically. Regarding the mechanical behaviour of the pile under thermal cycles, the numerical model adequately predicts the gradual ratcheting of the pile as observed in the experiments. However in terms of axial force distribution in the pile, the results from numerical modelling are different from the physical one

<p dir="ltr">In structural metallic components, a material’s lifecycle begins with the processing route, to produce a desired structure, which dictates the in-service performance. The variability of microstructural features as a consequence of the processing route has a direct influence on the properties and performance of a material. In order to correlate the influence processing conditions have on material performance, large test matrices are required which tend to be time consuming and expensive. An alternative route to avoid such large test matrices is to incorporate physics-based process modeling and lifing paradigms to better understand the performance of structural materials. By linking microstructural information to the material’s lifecycle, the processing path can be modified without the need to repeat large-scale testing requirements. Additionally, when a materials system is accurately modeled throughout its lifecycle, the performance predictions can be leveraged to improve the design of materials and components.</p><p dir="ltr">Ni-based superalloys are a material class widely used in many critical aerospace components exposed to coupling thermal and mechanical loads due to their increased resistance to creep, corrosion, oxidation, and strength characteristics at elevated temperatures. Many Ni-based superalloys undergo high-temperature forging to produce a desired microstructure, targeting specific strength and fatigue properties in order to perform under thermo-mechanical loads. When in-service, these alloys tend to fail as a consequence of thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) from either inclusion- or matrix- driven failure. In order to produce safer, cheaper and more efficient critical aerospace components, the micromechanical deformation and damage mechanisms throughout a Ni-based superalloy’s lifecycle must be understood. This research utilizes process modeling as a tool to understand the damage and deformation of inclusions in a Ni-200 matrix throughout radial forging as a means to optimize the processing conditions for improved fatigue performance. In addition, microstructural sensitive performance modeling for a Ni-based superalloy is leveraged to understand the influence TMF has on damage mechanisms.</p><p dir="ltr">The radial forging processing route requires both high temperatures and large plastic deformation. During this process, non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) can debond from the metallic matrix and break apart, resulting in a linear array of smaller inclusions, known as stringers. The evolution of NMIs into stringers can result in matrix load shedding, localized plasticity, and stress concentrations near the matrix-NMI interface. Due to these factors, stringers can be detrimental to the fatigue life of the final forged component. By performing a finite element model of the forging process with cohesive zones to simulate material debonding, this research contributes to the understanding of processing induced deformation and damage sequences on the onset of stringer formation for Alumina NMIs in a Ni-200 matrix. Through a parametric study, the interactions of forging temperature, strain rate, strain per pass, and interfacial decohesion on the NMI damage evolution metrics are studied, specifically NMI particle separation, rotation, and cavity formation. The parametric study provides a linkage between the various processing conditions parameters influence on detrimental NMI morphology related to material performance.</p><p dir="ltr">The microstructural characteristics of Ni-based superalloys, as a consequence of a particular processing route, creates a variability in TMF performance. The micromechanical failure mechanisms associated with TMF are dependent on various loading parameters, such as temperature, strain range, and strain-temperature phasing. Insights on the complexities of micromechanical TMF damage are studied via a temperature-dependent, dislocation density-based crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) model with uncertainty quantification. The capabilities of the model’s temperature dependency are examined via direct instantiation and comparison to a high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) experiment under coupled thermal and mechanical loads. Unique loading states throughout the experiment are investigated with both CPFE predictions and HEDM results to study early indicators of TMF damage mechanisms at the grain scale. The mesoscale validation of the CPFE model to HEDM experimental data provides capabilities for a well-informed TMF performance paradigm under various strain-temperature phase profiles. </p><p dir="ltr">A material’s TMF performance is highly dependent on the temperature-load phase profile as a consequence of path-dependent thermo-mechanical plasticity. To investigate the relationship between microstructural damage and TMF phasing effects, the aforementioned CPFE model investigates in-phase (IP) TMF, out-of-phase (OP) TMF, and iso-thermal (ISO) loading profiles. A microstructural sensitive performance modeling framework with capabilities to isolate phasing (IP, OP, and ISO) effects is presented to locate fatigue damage in a set of statistically equivalent microstructures (SEMs). Location specific plasticity, and grain interactions are studied under the various phasing profiles providing a connection between microstructural material damage and TMF performance.</p>