Diploma thesis deals with the design of the condensing steam turbine with power output 23.63 MW at 5000 rpm and an efficiency of 84.17% after optimization. The turbine contains one controlled steam extraction and four bleeds. The steam mass flow required by controlled steam extraction is 0-75 t/h of a total mass flow to the turbine 105 t/h. Design of the steam turbine is preceded by calculation of heat balance of the cycle. Then the thermodynamic and strength calculation of regulation stage and reaction staging flow channel are made. Thermodynamic calculation of the flow channel consists of preliminary and detailed calculation. It is detailed calculation that leads to the turbine parameters optimization. The design also includes gland sealing system and balance piston calculation. In addition to the strength calculation there is bearings load calculation included. In the end, the consumption diagram is made, showing the interval by which the turbine can be safely operated. Integrated part of the thesis is conceptual drawing of steam turbine section.

The thesis deals with the design of a small-volume four-stroke internal combustion engine with a maximum displacement of 10 cc and a power of 1 kW for autonomous devices of smaller dimensions. In addition to the analysis of individual propulsions for small aircraft, there is also a chapter with the comparison of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor with similar power. Another part of the work is the creation of a thermodynamic model in the GT Power program and its subsequent optimization to increase the overall efficiency of the engine.

The aim of this diploma thesis is a design of a condensing steam turbine based on technical specification of inlet steam - maximal mass flow 120 t/h, temperature 440 °C; on temperature in deaerator 125 °C; on mass flow 0 – 60 t/h and pressure 3,0 bar(a) of regulated steam extraction and on ambient temperature in the vicinity 25 °C. The result contains steam turbine with reaction blading, work output 28,76 MWe and efficiency 82 %.

Motivation: Improving the prediction of structures, especially those containing pseudoknots (structures with crossing base pairs) is an ongoing challenge. Current alignment-based prediction algorithms only find the consensus structure, and their alignments can come from structure-based alignment algorithms, which is more reliable, but come with an increased cost compared to sequence-based alignment algorithms. This step can be removed; however, non-alignment based algorithms neglect structural information that can be found within similar sequences. Results: We present a new method for prediction of RNA pseudoknotted secondary structures that combines the strengths of MFE prediction and alignment-based methods. KnotAli takes an RNA sequence alignment and uses covariation and thermodynamic energy minimization to predict secondary structures for each individual sequence in the alignment. We compared KnotAli's performance to that of three other alignment-based algorithms, on a large data set of 10 families with pseudoknotted and pseudoknot-free reference structures. We produced sequence alignments for each family using two well-known sequence aligners (MUSCLE and MAFFT). We found KnotAli to be superior in 6 of the 10 families for MUSCLE and 7 of the 10 for MAFFT. We find KnotAli's predictions to be less dependent on alignment quality. In particular, KnotAli is shown to have more accurate predictions compared to other leading methods as alignment quality deteriorates. Availability: The algorithm can be found online on Github at https://github.com/mateog4712/KnotAli / Graduate / 2022-08-16

The aim of this diploma thesis was identification of urinary concrements by the infrared spectroscopy and study of conditions of formation of the most frequent urinary stones (calcium oxalates) by the thermodynamic simulation. The theoretical part of this study includes basic information about problems with urolithiasis and technique of identification of urinary concrements. Important part has been devoted to the thermodynamic simulation of formation of calcium oxalate concrements and on this simulation were determinated the conditions for formation of urinary stones. The experimental part contains analysis of real urinary concrements by the infrared spectroscopy and statistical evaluation of the file of 50 149 samples, which were analysed in years 1994 - 2010.

The diploma thesis concentrates on a project of condensing steam turbine with uncontrolled extraction. These topics are analyzed in more detail: design of thermal diagram, thermodynamic calculation and turbine design concepts. First two topics are solved in the calculation section of the thesis. In the construction part are processed a third topic.

The diploma thesis concentrates on a project of backpreassure steam turbine. These topics are analyzed in more detail: design of balance schema, thermodynamic calculation, loss coefficient and its effect on the loss. Technical solutions are designed according to given details of a steam and chosen conditions of use.

The aim of this thesis is modelling of chamber for plant cultivation under defined conditions. First part of the thesis contains theoretical introduction to thermodynamics and humid air problematics. In the next part of thesis, the growth chamber model was designed. Model parameters were obtained during fytotron identification. Chamber control algorithm was designed using the model. The control algorithm was programmed into chamber control unit and its functionality was practically tested.

The aim of the Diploma Thesis is to discuss the design and construction solution for circulation of the thermodynamic heat pump especially used in the heating industry with stoichiometric combustion of chosen natural gas. The basic components of the proposed heat pump are turbine, compressor and gearbox. To solve the presented aims, the thermodynamic calculation of the individual components, the determination of the efficiency of the whole equipment and the analysis of the physical properties of the natural gas with regard to the specified input and output parameters were considered. In addition, an analysis of the individual components design of the proposed equipment was carried out, on the basis the technically most acceptable variant was chosen and the equipment construction was carried out incl. connecting elements. Drawing documentation is part of the attachments. On the basis of the analysis, it can be stated that the proposed plant leads to energy savings, is ecologically sufficient and has been shown to have approximately twice the amount of heat dissipated than without its use.

En cas d’accidents nucléaires (Tchernobyl, Fukushima) ou d’exposition à de l'uranium appauvri dans des zones de conflit, la décontamination est nécessaire pour réduire au mieux les conséquences de l’ingestion de radionucléides. Après une contamination externe ou interne, les actinides solubilisées sont distribués dans les organes cibles (squelette, foie, tissus, reins, etc.) via la circulation sanguine. Compte tenu de cette dispersion, la chélation de ces radionucléides par des ligands biologiques est une méthode efficace de décorporation pour favoriser l'excrétion de ces métaux déposés et ainsi réduire les risques pour la santé. En raison du faible taux de distribution dans les organes cibles (os, foie, reins) de l'acide diéthylènetriaminepentaacétique (DTPA), des agents de chélation ont été synthétisés et testés in vitro ou in vivo. Dans ce projet, plusieurs ligands polyaminophosphonates, (conçus à l'origine pour être des agents de contraste), ont été synthétisés selon leurs propriétés de bio-distribution, de leurs groupes fonctionnels, de leur potentiel site de coordination et de leur lipophilie. Des études structurales et thermodynamiques ont ensuite été effectuées sur les complexes entre l'uranium (VI) et l’europium (III) (comme analogue de l’américium (III) et curium (III)) et les ligands polyaminophosphonates. La sphère de coordination de ces cations a été observée par spectroscopie UV-visible, TRLFS, FT-IR et la spectroscopie d’absorption X (EXAFS). L'étude de l’affinité a été réalisée par spectroscopie UV-visible. Enfin, les spectroscopies UV-visible et TRLFS ont été utilisées d’une part pour tester la stabilité du complexe ligand/uranyle en présence d’un ion métallique et d’autre part pour étudier le système ternaire : ion uranyle/ligand/calmoduline. Ces résultats ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de chélation et d’évaluer l'affinité chimique de ces ligands polyaminophosphonates pour l'uranium (VI) et l’europium (III). Cela devrait ainsi aider à la conception de nouveaux agents de chélation de plus en plus efficaces du point de vue de la décorporation. / For exposed person who suffers from contamination from nuclear accidents (Chernobyl, Fukushima) or depleted uranium in war zones, decontamination is required to reduce the sequence damage of radionuclide intake. After an external or internal contamination, the solubilized actinides could be distributed to the target organs (skeletal, liver, kidneys tissues, etc.) via the bloodstream. Considering the dispersion, fate and health effect of the actinides, chelation therapy is an effective decorporation method to promote the excretion of deposited actinides to reduce the health risk. Due to the defect on weak distribution rate to the target organs (bone, liver, kidneys) of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) which currently used in clinics, plenty chelation agents were synthesized and tested in vitro or in vivo. In this project, several polyaminophosphonates ligands, a series ligand originally designed for MRI contrast and SPECT agents, were synthesized according to the properties of ligand bio-distribution, functional groups, coordination site and lipophilic. Then the structural and thermodynamic studies were done with the complexes between metal ion such as uranium(VI) and europium(III) (as americium/curium(III) analogue), and polyaminophosphonates ligands. The sphere of coordination of these cations was observed by UV-visible spectroscopy, TRLFS, FT-IR and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). The affinity study was done with UV-visible spectroscopy. Finally, the UV-visible spectroscopy and TRLFS were used to test the stability of uranyl ligand complex with competition metal ion in biological conditions and to reveal the interactions between the ternary system, uranyl ion/ligand/calmodulin. These results allow to better understand the chemical affinity and possible chelation mechanism of the polyaminophosphonates ligands for the above actinides and therefore to promote the design of new chelation agents.