Erlangen-Nürnberg, Diss., 2007.

Zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Zugl.: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2007

This dissertation examines the concept of intention and its relationship to the idea of the moral self in late medieval England. Late medieval English writers often identified intention, as opposed to action, as the site of moral identity. Drawing on medieval legal distinctions between intended and unintended wrongdoings, penitential and confessional definitions of sin as intention (as opposed to sinful action), this dissertation traces the development of intention-based concepts of the moral self in English chronicles, parliamentary legislation and petitions related to the Rising of 1381, Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, The Testimony of William Thorpe, and The Book of Margery Kempe;. These texts employed contemporary notions of intention to represent interiority and to establish morally coherent narratives. Late fourteenth- and early fifteenth-century writers, however, not only draw on contemporary discussions of morality but also reshape them, applying theories of intention but nuancing and transforming them in the process. These discussions of intention inform our understanding the late medieval notion of the subject.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo desse trabalho à fornecer uma demonstraÃao para as desigualdades de Hitchin-Thorpe e Miyaoka-Yau. Inicialmente forneceremos uma decomposiÃÃo ortogonal para o tensor curvatura, em seguida mostraremos como o operador curvatura pode ser definido a partir do tensor curvatura. Com o intuito de cumprir o objetivo proposto, iremos provar o Teorema de Gauss-Bonnet em dimensÃo 4, para isso utilizaremos um resultado devido a Allendoerfer e forneceremos uma fÃrmula integral para o cÃlculo da caracterÃstica de Euler de uma variedade Riemanniana de dimensÃo 4. AlÃm disso, definiremos o conceito de assinatura em uma variedade Riemanniana e exibiremos uma fÃrmula integral para a obtenÃÃo deste objeto, para isso utilizaremos o Teorema de Assinatura de Hirzebruch em dimensÃo 4 e pouco da Teoria de Chern-Weil que nos fornece uma conexÃo entre a topologia algÃbrica e a geometria diferencial. Por fim, mostraremos como as fÃrmulas que foram obtidas podem ser utilizadas na demonstraÃao das desigualdades citadas inicialmente. / The aim of this work is to present a proof of the Hitchin-Thorpe and Miyaoka-Yau inequalities. First we provide an orthogonal decomposition for the curvature tensor, and then we show how the curvature operator can be defined from the curvature tensor. In order to fulfill the proposed objective, we prove the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem in dimension 4, to do this we use a result due Allendoerfer and we present an integral formula for the Euler characteristic computation on a Riemannian 4-manifold. Furthermore, we define the concept of signature in a Riemannian manifold e we exhibit an integral formula for the achievement of this object, for this we use the Hirzebruch Signature Theorem in di- mension 4 and the Chern-Weil Theory which provides us a connection between algebraic topology and differential geometry. Finally, we show how the earlier formulas can be used in the demonstration of the initial inequalities.

Owing to its unique electronic properties, the CF₂ group has the potential to affect the conformation and polarity of molecules. The Introduction provides an overview of the conformational effects induced by the incorporation of fluorine into hydrocarbons, e.g. gauche effect, 1,3-C,F bond repulsion and angle deviation in organofluorine compounds. A summary of synthetic strategies for the introduction of the gem-difluoride motif into organic molecules is also presented. In order to explore the conformational impact of the CF₂ group in alicyclic hydrocarbon systems, cyclododecane was employed as the molecular framework. In 1,1,4,4- and 1,1,7,7- tetrafluorocyclododecanes, two CF₂ groups replaced CH₂ units within the square [3333] cyclododecane ring where the spacing enables the CF₂ groups to occupy adjacent or opposite corner locations. In the case of 1,1,6,6-tetrafluorocyclododecane, one of the CF₂ groups was forced to the edge position, which changes the ring conformation dramatically. Strategic incorporation of two CF₂ groups is shown to either stabilise or significantly alter the conformation of the cyclododecane framework, a revealing conformational preference of the CF₂ group to locate at the corner rather than the edge position of hydrocarbon rings. The study extends to larger cycloalkanes, rectangular [3434] cyclotetradecanes and square [4444] cyclohexadecanes. The target cycloalkanes bearing two CF₂ units were assembled through a novel synthetic route, employing ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as the key step. X-Ray structure analyses revealed that the CF₂ groups occupy exclusively corner locations of these rings too. The spacing between the CF₂ moieties dictates the overall ring conformations and offers a useful tool for controlling molecular arrangement. An accelerating role of the CF₂ group, relative to the CH₂ group, on the ring-closing metathesis of C5-substituted 1,8-nonadienes has also been studied. Remarkably, the CF₂ group exhibited a similar reaction rate to that observed for nonadienes bearing 1,3-dioxolane or dimethylmalonate groups. This effect was rationalised by the thermodynamic stability of the cycloheptene products, rather than a Thorpe-Ingold effect.

In this study, vertical profiles of velocity and hydrographic properties measured by the Lowered ADCP and CTD, respectively are used to calculate the vertical eddy diffusivity K based on small-scale turbulence theory. Two methods are used to estimate K, that is, the Thorpe scale analysis method (designated as Kz) and vertical wave number shear spectral method (designated as Ksh). Four different experiments with different flow conditions and bathymetry, i.e., internal tides, deep open-ocean, nonlinear internal waves and Kuroshio, are conducted and their K values are estimated and discussed. The internal tides at the mouth of Kao-Ping Submarine Canyon (KPSC) are observed during July and December (spring tide) of 2008. In each cruise the LADCP/CTD casts are repeated every two hours and last 27 and 40 hours, respectively. The results indicate the existence of strong, semi-diurnal internal tides with vertical displacement of 50~100 m and the nature of first baroclinic mode. Turbulent mixing during flood is significantly stronger than that during ebb. Note that in the winter experiments the Kz can reach 0.01 m2 s-1, which is even larger than the reported Kz values in other submarine canyons of the world, suggesting strong mixing processes are taking place in the KPSC. From the LADCP/CTD data of the joint hydrographic survey on May 2008 at SEATS station of the South China Sea, the estimated average values of Kz and Ksh in the upper 3000 m are about 3¡Ñ10-4 m2 s-1 and 1.8¡Ñ10-4 m2 s-1, respectively. The average value of Kz near the ocean bottom increases to 2.5¡Ñ10-3 m2 s-1. These estimated Kz are somewhat larger than the reported values in the open ocean. On the other hand, Kz values between 300 and 700 m deep are almost zero, indicating that turbulent mixing is inhibited in the stratified layer. Nonlinear internal waves are tracked in the South China Sea during May 2007. Our results show that after the internal solitons passed in the deep waters, the Kz profiles change significantly, surface mixing is weak, and Kz increases gradually from 400 m deep to the ocean bottom. In the shallow water region, shoaling effect of the nonlinear internal waves lead to enhanced energy dissipation and higher values of Kz, with the maximum value reaches 1 m2 s-1 near 180m depth. The flow structure of Kuroshio current between Taiwan and Lanyu is observed in October 2007. The results show that Kz in the surface layer is high (~10-2 m2 s-1), obviously due to strong Kuroshio flows there. At the 3000 m deep submarine trench near Lanyu, the Kz in the bottom layer is also very high (~ 1 m2 s-1 ), indicating that effective turbulent mixing in the bottom layer is mainly due to topography, which has similar level as the nonlinear internal waves.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of English, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-124).

Filmmakers have had four main difficulties adapting The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to film: point of view, structure, audience and the novel's ending. By studying the different approaches of various directors to each obstacle, certain facts emerge about both the films and the novel. While literary scholars have studied Huck from practically every angle, none have sufficiently viewed the book through the lens of adaptation, despite the fact that it has been adapted to film and television over twenty times. The few critics who have studied the adaptations have done so using dated methodologies that boil down to little more than a question of how faithfully the films recreate the novel. By judging a movie solely on the basis of the book's merits, critics ignore the fact that a change in medium necessitates a change in material. With each adaptation, a new opportunity arises to study the novel from a fresh standpoint.

The Early Pennsylvanian (Bashkirian/Morrowan) Bridal Veil Limestone of north-central Utah was deposited in the eastern portion of the rapidly subsiding Oquirrh basin. The 420 meter-thick Bridal Veil Limestone displays distinct cyclicity formed by stacked, meter to decameter scale high-frequency sequences and their constituent parasequences. Though no one ideal cycle may be defined for the Bridal Veil Limestone, each high-frequency sequence and parasequence contains a general shallowing upward trend that ranges from anaerobic to dysaerobic mudstone at the base to skeletal wackestone to mud-dominated packstone, capped by heterozoan grain-rich carbonates or siliciclastic tidalites. Cycles bounded by exposure surfaces, indicated by micro-brecciation, rhizoliths, laminated calcite or silica crusts, rip-up clasts, centimeter-scale teepee structures, and/or pronounced erosional relief are termed high-frequency sequences. Those bounded by marine flooding surfaces are defined as parasequences. Thusly defined, the Bridal Veil Limestone is divided into 25 high-frequency sequences designated BVL-1 through BVL-25. Overall, two distinct sets of high-frequency sequences may be observed in the Bridal Veil Limestone. Sequences comprising the lower half of the formation (BVL-1 through BVL-12) are thicker, muddier, and less sand-prone than sequences in the upper half of the formation (BVL-13 through BVL-25), indicating an overall change in oxygenation, depositional texture, and accommodation upward in the section. Tracing of key beds and surfaces between the Thorpe Hills, Lake Mountain, and the Wasatch Range (spanning a distance greater than 50 miles) reveals that deposition was remarkably uniform across the southeastern part of the Oquirrh basin which we herein designate the Bridal Veil sub-basin and distinct from coeval formations in the southern Oquirrh basin, Ely basin, and Wyoming shelf. Mudstone and wackestone textures comprise a large portion of the formation by volume. Grain-rich carbonates are almost exclusively heterozoan in composition, indicating that the sub-basin was subphotic to aphotic through Early Pennsylvanian time.