Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Computer Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-216). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11609

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Glasgow, 2003. / Accompanied by CD-ROM. Ph. D. thesis submitted to the Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 2003. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. / Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2007; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

In this thesis we present an interactive motion adaptation scheme for close interactions between skeletal characters and mesh structures, such as navigating restricted environments and manipulating tools. We propose a new spatial-relationship based representation to encode character-object interactions describing the kinematics of the body parts by the weighted sum of vectors relative to descriptor points selectively sampled over the scene. In contrast to previous discrete representations that either only handle static spatial relationships, or require offline, costly optimization processes, our continuous framework smoothly adapts the motion of a character to deformations in the objects and character morphologies in real-time whilst preserving the original context and style of the scene. We demonstrate the strength of working in our relationship-descriptor space in tackling the issue of motion editing under large environment deformations by integrating procedural animation techniques such as repositioning contacts in an interaction whilst preserving the context and style of the original animation. Furthermore we propose a method that can be used to adapt animations from template objects to novel ones by solving for mappings between the two in our relationship-descriptor space effectively transferring an entire motion from one object to a new one of different geometry whilst ensuring continuity across all frames of the animation, as opposed to mapping static poses only as is traditionally achieved. The experimental results show that our method can be used for a wide range of applications, including motion retargeting for dynamically changing scenes, multi-character interactions, and interactive character control and deformation transfer for scenes that involve close interactions. We further demonstrate a key use case in retargeting locomotion to uneven terrains and curving paths convincingly for bipeds and quadrupeds. Our framework is useful for artists who need to design animated scenes interactively, and modern computer games that allow users to design their own virtual characters, objects and environments, such that they can recycle existing motion data for a large variety of different configurations without the need to manually reconfigure motion from scratch or store expensive combinations of animation in memory. Most importantly it’s achieved in real-time.

This research examines procedural modeling in the eld of computer graphics. Procedural modeling automates the generation of objects by representing models as procedures that provide a description of the process required to create the model. The problem we solve with this research is the creation of a procedural modeling environment that consists of a procedural modeling language and a set of non-interactive modeling tools. A goal of this research is to provide comparisons between 3D manual modeling and procedural modeling, which focus on the modeling strategies, tools and model representations used by each modeling paradigm. A procedural modeling language is presented that has the same facilities and features of existing procedural modeling languages. In addition, features such as caching and a pseudorandom number generator is included, demonstrating the advantages of a procedural modeling paradigm. The non-interactive tools created within the procedural modeling framework are selection, extrusion, subdivision, curve shaping and stitching. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the procedural modeling framework, human and furniture models are created using this procedural modeling environment. Various techniques are presented to generate these objects, and may be used to create a variety of other models. A detailed discussion of each technique is provided. Six experiments are conducted to test the support of the procedural modeling benets provided by this non- interactive modeling environment. The experiments test, namely parameterisation, re-usability, base-shape independence, model complexity, the generation of reproducible random numbers and caching. We prove that a number of distinct models can be generated from a single procedure through the use parameterisation. Modeling procedures and sub-procedures are re-usable and can be applied to different models. Procedures can be base-shape independent. The level of complexity of a model can be increased by repeatedly applying geometry to the model. The pseudo-random number generator is capable of generating reproducible random numbers. The caching facility reduces the time required to generate a model that uses repetitive geometry.

Submitted by Newton Salvador Grande Neto (newsalgn@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-08T03:13:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Newton Salvador corrigido 30-03.pdf: 4627333 bytes, checksum: 32bbc790f76698649a60a184c85c6860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-08T17:05:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 grandeneto_ns_me_ilha.pdf: 4627333 bytes, checksum: 32bbc790f76698649a60a184c85c6860 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T17:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 grandeneto_ns_me_ilha.pdf: 4627333 bytes, checksum: 32bbc790f76698649a60a184c85c6860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A técnica de replicar a morfologia de uma estrutura advinda do interior do corpo humano através de um modelo físico é conhecida como biomodelagem. Na área da saúde, um modelo da anatomia humana virtual ou físico é chamado de biomodelo, e este trouxe para a medicina um outro nível em relação a cirurgias modernas, como por exemplo, a possibilidade de o médico cirurgião realizar a simulação de uma cirurgia no biomodelo, analisando as melhores estratégias que serão adotadas para o sucesso da intervenção cirúrgica. Para a confecção de biomodelos são necessárias a execução de três etapas básicas: aquisição de imagens médicas via tomografia computadorizada, tratamento destas imagens utilizando um software específico e a confecção utilizando a manufatura aditiva, caracterizando assim todo o processo de biomodelagem. Todo este processo se tornou possível devido a integração entre as áreas de informática, engenharia, saúde, diagnóstico por imagens e principalmente pelo evento ímpar na área de processos de fabricação, o surgimento da manufatura aditiva. Utilizando um conjunto de tecnologias, a manufatura aditiva é capaz de reproduzir fisicamente, em vários materiais, um modelo virtual camada a camada. Diversas técnicas foram desenvolvidas na área de manufatura aditiva, em especial a impressão tridimensional (3DPrinter) tem seu funcionamento similar a uma impressora comercial a jato de tinta, porém deposita um aglutinante conhecido como binder ao invés de tinta, sobre camadas sucessivas de pó para prototipagem. A reação entre esses dois materiais consolida o formato bidimensional de cada camada, e depois de vários ciclos, um modelo tridimensional está completo. A não utilização de laser para a consolidação das camadas é uma vantagem desta técnica, ou seja, o valor de mercado do maquinário é relativamente mais barato quando comparado a outras técnicas vendidas no mercado. Pesquisas relacionadas a materiais alternativos nacionais são extremamente importantes, pois as descobertas de matérias-primas de baixo custo viabilizam cada vez mais a inclusão da biomodelagem em centros cirúrgicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a preparação de um material alternativo economicamente mais viável, utilizando uma proporção em volume de 94% pó de gesso comercial, 5% de ligante e 1% de agente higroscópico. Os resultados demonstram que o material alternativo proposto para este trabalho, se mostrou em torno de 121 vezes mais barato e também atingiu as características necessárias para a construção de biomodelos, como também se mostra tão eficiente em relação a resistência mecânica de manuseio, qualidade superficial e densidade quando comparado a materiais comerciais amplamente aceitos pelo mercado. Com a redução de custos, a técnica de biomodelagem poderá ser utilizada com mais frequência nas intervenções cirúrgicas, diminuindo os riscos existentes na cirurgia através de um planejamento cirúrgico de sucesso. / The technique to replicate a morphology of some interior structure of the human body through a physical model is known as biomodeling. In health care area, a virtual or physical human anatomy model is called biomodel, and this brings to the medicine another level in relation to moderns surgeries, for example, the surgeon has the possibility to perform a simulation of a surgery on a biomodel, making the opportunity to find the best strategies that will be adopted for the success of the surgery intervention. Three basic steps are required to ensure the fabrication of the biomodels: the acquisition of medical images via tomography or MRI, then, the treatment of these images using a specific software, to finally produce the biomodel by additive manufacturing, featuring then the whole process biomodeling. This entire process has become possible because of the integration of information technology, engineering, health, image diagnosis and especially the unique event in the area of manufacturing processes, the emergence of additive manufacturing. By a set of technologies, the additive manufacturing is able to physically reproduce, in several materials, a virtual model layer by layer. Several techniques have been developed in this area, especially the three-dimensional printing (3DPrinter), that operates similarly to a commercial inkjet printer, but, instead of ink, deposits an adhesive known as binder on successive layers of prototyping powder. The reaction between the binder and the powder consolidates the two-dimensional shape of each layer, and, after several cycles, a three-dimensional model is complete. Not utilizing lasers to consolidate the layers is the advantage of this technique that makes the market value of the machinery relatively inexpensive, compared to other market techniques. Researches related to national alternative materials are extremely important, because the Discovery of inexpensive raw materials can enable the inclusion of biomodeling in surgery rooms more and more. The aim of this study is the preparation of an alternative and economically viable material, using a volume proportion of 94% of comercial gypsum powder, 5% of binder and 1% of hygroscopic agent. The results show that the alternative material proposed by this study was about 121 times cheaper and also reached the necessary characteristics for the fabrication of the biomodels, as also shown as efficient regarding to mechanical strength handling, surface quality and density when compared to comercial materials widely accepted by the Market. By reducing the costs, the biomodeling technique can be used more often in surgical interventions, reducing the surgery risks through a success surgical planning.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 claro_gks_me_bauru.pdf: 1638801 bytes, checksum: 64af55b7016b44956f54e04a50b76b3c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem o propósito de contribuir para a generalização tridimensional de problemas de análise numérica da propagação de fissura, mediante a formulação de elementos finitos com descontinuidade incorporada. Em problemas planos as descontinuidades correspondem a linhas que podem ser elaboradas de uma forma relativamente simples, através da construção sequencial de segmentos retos, orientados conforme a direção de falha no interior de cada elemento finito do sólido. Na análise tridimensional a construção do caminho de descontinuidade é mais complexa, pois devem ser construídas superficiais planas no interior de cada elemento e essas superfícies planas devem ser contínuas entre os elementos. É apresentada, nesse trabalho, uma técnica alternativa de construção do caminho de descontinuidade em análises tridimensionais baseado na solução de um problema análogo ao problema de condução de calor, estabelecido a partir de orientações locais de falha, baseado no estado de tensão do problema mecânico. A solução do problema equivalente é obtida utilizando a mesma malha e interpolações do problema mecânico. Para minimizar o esforço computacional, é proposta uma estratégia na qual a análise para mapear o caminho da descontinuidade é restrita ao domínio formado por alguns elementos próximos à superfície de fissura, que se desenvolve ao longo do processo de carregamento. Para validar a metodologia proposta foram realizadas análises tridimensionais de problemas básicos de fratura experimentais e seus resultados foram contrastados com os resultados encontrados na bibliografia. Realizou-se também a comparação do tempo de processamento entre o algoritmo proposto e o algaritmo global para as mesmas análises mencionadas acima. Como resultado, constatou-se que o algoritmo proposto conseguiu descrever satisfatoriamente as trajetórias de descontinuidade, consumindo menor tempo de processamento / This work contributes to the generalization to 3D problems of numerical analysis of crack propagation, through finite elements formulation with embedded discontinuity. In plane problems the discontinuities correspond to lines that can be tracked in a relatively simple way, by sequentially constructing straight segments, following the crack orientation inside each solid finite elements. In tree-dimensional analysis the tracking scheme is more complex since planar surfaces must be constructed inside each element and these planar surfaces must be continuous between elements. It is show in this work, an alternative version of discontinuity path construction technique in three-dimensional analysis based on the solution of an analogous heat conduction problem, established from the local failure orientation based on the stress state of the mechanical problem. The solution of the equivalent problem is obtained using the same mesh and interpolations of the mechanical problem. To minimize computational effort, a strategy is proposed in which the analysis to track the discontinuity path is restricted to the domain formed by few elements near the crack surface front, which develops along the loading process. To validate the poposed methodology three-dimensional analysis of experimental fracture test were performed and the results were contrasted with those obtained from the literature. The comparison between the process time of the proposed algorithm and the global algorithm was performed too. It was found that the proposed algorithm was able to describe the discontinuity path satisfactorily with reduced computational time

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 spinosa_rmo_me_bauru.pdf: 2012402 bytes, checksum: 866eebe6287f32c6343bf9c863891ba8 (MD5) / Dados antropométricos são os principais parâmetros projetuais para o dimensionamento de produtos e espaços de atividades. Eles permitem predizer alguns aspectos importantes das áreas de interface ainda durante o desenvolvimento projetual, principalmente no que se refere à adequação dimensional para populações específicas. Entretanto, apesar de expressivos, na forma em que são disponibilizados atualmente, estes dados acabam encontrando dificuldades para se difundir, principalmente dentro do setor produtivo onde a velocidade de produção e as exigências do empregador, muitas vezes fazem com que informações essenciais acabem sendo desconsideradas. Outra questão que se levanta refere-se à possível adequação e melhoria no processo de uso desse corpo de conhecimento para o dimensionamento dos projetos atuais, que em sua maioria, caminham para o desenvolvimento tridimensional em ambientes virtuais. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo propor uma nova abordagem para autilização dos dados antropométricos de populações extremas, através do desenvolvimento de uma interface gráfica de consulta e manipulação, que divulgue e facilite o acesso às medidas, tabulações e parâmetros atualmente disponíveis, fornecendo também, referências e estudos tridimensionais com manequins antropométricos, dimensionalmente confiáveis, da população infantil e de idosos brasileiros, adequando-os desta forma ao contexto tecnológico atual de desenvolvimento de projeto / Data anthropometrics are the principal parameters projects for the dimension of products and spaces of activities. They allow stilling predicting some important aspects of the interface areas during the development projects, mainly in what he/she refers to the dimensional adaptation for specific populations. However, in spite of expressive, in the form in that they are now available, these data end up having difficulties to diffuse, mainly inside of the productive section where the production speed and the demands of the employer, a lot of time do with that essential information end up being inconsiderate. Another subject that one lift refers to the possible adaptation and improvement in the process of use of that knowledge body for the dimension of the current projects, that in your majority, they walk for the three-dimensional development in virtual atmospheres. This research has for objetive to propose a new approach for use of the data anthropometrics of extreme populations, through the development of a graphic interface of consultation and manipulation, that it publishes and facilitate the acess now to the measure, tabulations and parameters available, also supplying, references and three-dimensional studies with dolls anthropometrics, reliable dimension, of the infantile population and of Brazilian senior, adapting them this way to the current technological context of project development

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP