Les actionneurs électromécaniques supplantent les solutions d’actionnement hydrauliques concurrentes dans un nombre croissant d’applications industrielles, particulièrement en aéronautique. Ils le doivent à leurs rendements élevés et à une relative simplicité de commande. Fort de ces avantages, cette technologie a été mise en place dans le cadre du projet ELEXC, en vue de remplacer les vérins hydrauliques sur une mini-excavatrice tout-électrique et s’attaquant pour la première fois au secteur du bâtiment et des travaux publics. Cependant, cette intégration s’accompagne de doutes sur la performance et la durabilité de ces actionneurs dans ce cas précis d’utilisation. Pour répondre à ces interrogations, ce manuscrit se focalisera dans un premier volet sur la caractérisation des performances d’une structure spécifique, permise par la mise en place d’un banc de test multi-énergies instrumenté. Cette étude aboutira à la mise en place d’un modèle par lois physiques dont les paramètres auront été identifiés expérimentalement.Deux solutions innovantes vont ensuite être proposées, visant respectivement à réduire les répercussions, notamment énergétiques, de la caractéristique discrète du convertisseur à découpage, et à parer au manque de compliance de l’actionneur tout en conservant ses capacités de creusage. Elles seront toutes deux associées au concept de commande prédictive, mais offriront chacune une spécificité par rapport à l’implémentation standard de ce type de commande tout en conservant ses avantages. La première prendra la forme d’un modulateur fondé sur le principe d’une modulation de largeur d’impulsion vectorielle, dont la séquence sera sélectionnée par un contrôleur prédictif en rapport avec une fonction de coût alliant les ondulations de courant, les pertes par commutation et la tension de mode commun spécifiques aux séquences. La seconde consistera en un contrôleur d’impédance à boucle de position interne, dont les paramètres d’impédance seront variables et définis par un contrôleur prédictif afin de permettre une bonne pénétration dans l’environnement tout en limitant la dynamique et la valeur maximale de l’effort de compression sur la transmission. / Nowadays, the electro-mechanical actuators (EMA) are seen as an alternative to the conventional hydraulic cylinders in a growing number of industrial applications, including the aeronautic sector, thanks to their high efficiency and relatively simple commandability. According to this features, this actuator technology was selected to replace the hydraulic cylinders of the actuation system of a full-electric compact excavator in the ELEXC project. However, some concerns arose from the lack of existing examples with EMA functioning in relatively severe working conditions implying collisions of the actuators with stiff environments. Therefore, this manuscript will first focus on the characterization of the electro-mechanical actuator and of its performances in this specific case of application, enabled by the development of a multi-energy test-rig. Beside the validation of the EMA capacities, a physic law model will be developed, and its parameters tuned according to the experimental results. In a second part of this manuscript, two novel control laws will be proposed, aiming respectively to reduce the negative repercussions of the discrete characteristic of the electrical converter, and to counterpart the lack of natural compliance of the mechanical actuator. They will be both based on the concept of predictive control, but will differ from the conventional implementation of this type of controller. The first proposed topology is a modulator based on a vector Pulse Width Modulation, in which the PWM sequence to be used is defined online by a predictive controller according to a cost function that takes into account the current ripples, the switching losses and the common mode voltages specific to the sequences. Next, a position-based impedance controller, whose impedance parameters are defined online by a predictive controller, is introduced, in order to enable the EMA to penetrate a stiff environment with a relatively low dynamic increase of compression force on the mechanical transmission.

<p dir="ltr">The short lifespan of capacitors in power electronics converters is a significant challenge. These capacitors, often electrolytic, are vital for voltage smoothing and frequency filtering. However, their susceptibility to heat, ripple current, and aging can lead to premature faults. This can cause issues like output voltage instability and short circuits, ultimately resulting in catastrophic failure and system shutdown. Capacitors are responsible for 30% of power electronics failures.</p><p dir="ltr">To tackle this challenge, scientists, researchers, and engineers are exploring various approaches detailed in technical literature. These include exploring alternative capacitor technologies, implementing active and passive cooling solutions, and developing advanced monitoring techniques to predict and prevent failures. However, these solutions often come with drawbacks such as increased complexity, reduced efficiency, or higher upfront costs. Additionally, research in material science is ongoing to develop corrosion-resistant capacitors, but such devices are not readily available.</p><p dir="ltr">This dissertation presents a capacitorless solution for dc-dc and dc-ac converters. The proposed solution involves harnessing parasitic elements and integrating them as intrinsic components in power converter technology. This approach holds the promise of enhancing power electronics reliability ratings, thereby facilitating breakthroughs in electric vehicles, compact power processing units, and renewable energy systems. The central scientific premise of this proposal is that the capacitance requirement in a power converter can be met by deliberately augmenting parasitic components.</p><p dir="ltr">Our research hypothesis that incorporating high dielectric material-based thin-films, fabricated using nanotechnology, into planar magnetics will enable the development of a family of capacitorless electronic converters that do not rely on discrete capacitors. This innovative approach represents a departure from the traditional power converter schemes employed in industry.</p><p dir="ltr">The first family of converters introduces a novel capacitorless solid-state power filter (SSPF) for single-phase dc-ac converters. The proposed configuration, comprising a planar transformer and an H-bridge converter operating at high frequency, generates sinusoidal ac voltage without relying on capacitors. Another innovative dc-ac inverter design is the twelve step six-level inverter, which does not incorporate capacitors in its structure.</p><p dir="ltr">The second family of capacitorless topologies consists of non-isolated dc-dc converters, namely the buck converter and the buck-boost converter. These converters utilize alternative materials with high dielectric constants, such as calcium copper titanate (CCTO), to intentionally enhance specific parasitic components, notably inter capacitance. This innovative approach reduces reliance on external discrete capacitors and facilitates the development of highly reliable converters.</p><p dir="ltr">The study also includes detailed discussions on the necessary design specifications for these parasitic capacitors. Furthermore, comprehensive finite element analysis solutions and detailed circuit models are provided. A design example is presented to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed concept in electric vehicle (EV) low voltage side dc-dc power converters used to supply EVs low voltage loads.</p>