Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 19 (1959) no. 11, p. 2745-2746. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 2011. / OBJECTIVE: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and patients presenting with thyroid nodules often undergo surgery solely for diagnostic purposes. The goal of our study was to examine the accuracy of Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy (ESS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules in fresh ex vivo specimens and to design an in vivo ESS probe and device, manufacture it and conduct a clinical trial. METHODS: Patients already undergoing thyroidectomy surgery were consented for the ex vivo study. ESS data was obtained from ex vivo specimens by recording 5 readings per nodule with five repetitive readings per each site. Final pathology reports were used to confirm the diagnosis. The spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis and leave one out technique. The in vivo ESS study was conceptually designed and IRB approval from Boston Medical Campus was obtained. RESULTS: The ex vivo study showed that ESS could predict the difference between benign and malignant tumors with a sensitivity of 74%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 82% and negative predictive value of 85%. 193 spectra were analyzed from 64 patients, 120 spectra were from benign nodules and 73 from malignant nodules. Subanalysis examined only indeterminate nodules showed sensitivity of 65%, specificity of 79%, PPV 77% and NPV 67%. The in vivo ESS probe was designed and 12 identical instruments were manufactured. Initial experimental readings were taken and parameters were adjusted for the in vivo tissue environment. The clinical trial is underway. CONCLUSIONS: ESS is a practical tool that can accurately identify malignancy in ex vivo thyroid specimens with high specificity and sensitivity. Initial in vivo experimental trials have been conducted and show promise for similar results.

As chickens hatch, there is a rapid change in their physiology and metabolism associated with attaining endothermy. It is thought that thyroid hormones (TH) play a major role in regulating developmental changes at hatching. In birds, TH regulates skeletal muscle growth, which has a direct impact on the chick's ability to thermoregulate via shivering thermogenesis. To better understand the role of TH in the timing of hatching, development of thermogenic capacity, and metabolic rate, we manipulated plasma TH levels in chicken embryos beginning at 85% development (day 17 of a 21 day incubation) with either thyroperoxidase inhibitor methimazole (MMI) or supplemental triiodothyronine (T3). After TH manipulation, we characterized O2 consumption and body temperature in the thermal neutral zone and during gradual cooling. Externally pipped embryos and 1 day post hatch (dph) chicks were cooled from 35 to 15°C. Manipulation of TH altered the timing of hatching, accelerating hatching under hyperthyroid conditions and decelerating hatching with hypothyroid conditions. Cohen's d revealed a large effect size on body temperature (Tb) of EP embryos of hypothyroid animals when compared to euthyroid animals in environmental temperatures of 32°C to 15°C, which was not seen in 1dph animals. Hyperthyroid EP animals were able to maintain metabolic rate over a wider range of ambient temperatures compared to control and hypothyroid animals, but these differences disappeared in 1dph animals. Here, we find that elevating TH levels prior to hatching accelerated hatching and the animal's thermogeneic ability to respond to cooling, but these differences disappear with age.

Investigations have shown that the hypothalamus and pituitary respond to decreases in body temperature by stimulating the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4 hormones. This study was designed to investigate ultrastructural changes of the thyroid gland induced by hypothermia. The ultrastructural changes produces by stimulation by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone were also examined as an adjunct to the hypothermic stimulation of the gland. There was a significant increase in microvilli on the luminal border of follicle cells along with a remarkable increase in numbers of dense granules. The dense granules also demonstrated a polarity being found near the border of the colloid lumen. The glandular changes induced by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone were very similar to those of hypothermia.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1960 S88

Background: Ultrasound is safe and painless, produces pictures of the inside of the body using sound waves (not use ionizing radiation), thus there is no radiation exposure to the patient. The thyroid gland is among the most commonly imaged glands using ultrasound due to the limitation of clinical examination. The Radiographers' skills in ultrasound differ according to the country and the basic formations. And throught this study we want to emphasize about the role of radiographer. Aim: The porpuse of this study is determine the volume and morphological characteristics of normal thyroid order to get reference values for young adults. Material and Method: We selected 204 students consist of male and female from Danang University of Medical Technology And Pharmacy were studied. Mean age of our subjects was 22 (range 18-25) all of them were healthy and with normal thyroid gland status. Descriptive statistics and analytic statistic was used. Results: In our study, the thyroid volume between female and male is different. The total thyroid volume significantly correlated with individual’s height, weight, body surface area and body mass index. The mean of total thyroid volume was 7.44 ± 2.09ml (range 3.51-14.57). The thyroid volume was best correlated with height (r = 0.44; p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Knowledge about the size of the thyroid gland is important in following the thyroid diseases and the examination of the gland. The radiographer's role is very important in determining the volume of thyroid.Radiographer is an important member of the diagnostic health care team.

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