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Este estudo investiga a interferência de aspectos cognitivos, organizacionais e econômicos na Orientação Temporal do Gestor (OTG) de hospitais de grande porte no interior de São Paulo. A literatura prediz que OTG é influenciada por sistemas de incentivo, como o sistema de remuneração gerencial, e nessa pesquisa foi analisado outras perspectivas que impactariam nessa relação, com base em literatura contábil, econômica, de psicologia e gestão hospitalar, entretanto outros fatores poderiam impactar na OTG, tal como o desenho do contrato do gestor ex-ante, os processos empresariais, a incerteza do ambiente e tarefa, o sistema estratégico de avaliação de desempenho e a proximidade do gestor com a atividade fim. O estudo foi realizado com 18 gestores de 5 hospitais e 1 operadora, analisando os fatores que impactam na realização de tarefas e tomadas de decisões gerenciais, com foco em diferenciar as atividades de curto e longo prazo e quais os direcionadores que os fazem focar no resultado de curto ou longo prazo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os gestores e analisados com auxílio do software Nvivo, por meio da análise de discurso. O resultado da pesquisa foi um levantamento das tarefas com resultado no curto e longo prazo em ambientes hospitalares, identificação dos dilemas do sistema de saúde que impactam na gestão e a proposição de hipóteses de variáveis que possam impactar na OTG. As hipóteses levantadas são que no setor hospitalar fatores como dilemas com operadoras de saúde, incerteza do ambiente e de tarefa e gestão de urgência podem impactar na OTG de curto prazo, enquanto sistemas estratégicos de avaliação de desempenho, motivação prósocial, desenho do contrato de LP, gestão por processo e tempo de proximidade com a atividade final podem impactar na OTG de longo prazo. / This study investigates the interference of cognitive, organizational and economic aspects in Managerial Time Orientation (MTO) of large hospitals in the state of São Paulo. The literature predicts that MTO is influenced by incentive systems , like the system of managerial remuneration, and this research was analyzed other perspectives that would impact this relationship, based on accounting, economic, psychology and hospital management literature, although others factors could impact the MTO as the manager\'s contract design ex -ante, business processes, uncertainty of the environment and task, strategic system of performance evaluation of the manager and the proximity to the core activity. The study was conducted with 18 managers in 5 hospitals and 1 health insurance, analyzing the factors that impact the execution of tasks and managerial decision-making, focusing on differentiating activities of short and long term and what are the drivers that focus on results short or long term. Data were obtained through interviews with managers and analyzed using the software NVivo, through discourse analysis. The result of the research was a survey of tasks result in short and long term in a hospital, the dilemmas of the health system that impact the management and a propose hypotheses of variables that may impact the MTO. The hypotheses are that the hospital sector factors such dilemmas with health insurance companies, environmental uncertainty, task uncertainty and emergency management would impact in the short term MTO, while strategic systems performance evaluation, social motivation, design of the contract, process management and time of proximity to the core activity would impact the long term MTO.

TITLE: Orientation in time at kindergarten focusing on the Sun and Moon AUTHOR: Bc. Jana Havlíková DEPARTMENT: SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Micheala Kaslová ABSTRACT: This diploma thesis deals with the development of orientation in time focusing on the Sun and Moon in preschool children as part of the attendance at kindergarten. In the theoretical part, in addition to the definition of the term of time from various disciplines, there is also an outline of the development of perception and measurement of time in terms of both evolutionary and individual development. Many activities in kindergartens are preserved for a long time, however the observation of the sky itself has slowly disappeared from education programs and plans. The practical part is focused on setting up scenarios of individual activities for observing the position of the sun in the sky, the length and direction of the sun's shadow, and the awareness of the alternation of the day with the night and the seasons. All this within the framework of action research, which was implemented in one kindergarten class. KEYWORDS: pre-mathematical literacy, preschool education, pre-school age, time, orientation in time, sun, shadow, universe, day and night

Este estudo investiga a interferência de aspectos cognitivos, organizacionais e econômicos na Orientação Temporal do Gestor (OTG) de hospitais de grande porte no interior de São Paulo. A literatura prediz que OTG é influenciada por sistemas de incentivo, como o sistema de remuneração gerencial, e nessa pesquisa foi analisado outras perspectivas que impactariam nessa relação, com base em literatura contábil, econômica, de psicologia e gestão hospitalar, entretanto outros fatores poderiam impactar na OTG, tal como o desenho do contrato do gestor ex-ante, os processos empresariais, a incerteza do ambiente e tarefa, o sistema estratégico de avaliação de desempenho e a proximidade do gestor com a atividade fim. O estudo foi realizado com 18 gestores de 5 hospitais e 1 operadora, analisando os fatores que impactam na realização de tarefas e tomadas de decisões gerenciais, com foco em diferenciar as atividades de curto e longo prazo e quais os direcionadores que os fazem focar no resultado de curto ou longo prazo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os gestores e analisados com auxílio do software Nvivo, por meio da análise de discurso. O resultado da pesquisa foi um levantamento das tarefas com resultado no curto e longo prazo em ambientes hospitalares, identificação dos dilemas do sistema de saúde que impactam na gestão e a proposição de hipóteses de variáveis que possam impactar na OTG. As hipóteses levantadas são que no setor hospitalar fatores como dilemas com operadoras de saúde, incerteza do ambiente e de tarefa e gestão de urgência podem impactar na OTG de curto prazo, enquanto sistemas estratégicos de avaliação de desempenho, motivação prósocial, desenho do contrato de LP, gestão por processo e tempo de proximidade com a atividade final podem impactar na OTG de longo prazo. / This study investigates the interference of cognitive, organizational and economic aspects in Managerial Time Orientation (MTO) of large hospitals in the state of São Paulo. The literature predicts that MTO is influenced by incentive systems , like the system of managerial remuneration, and this research was analyzed other perspectives that would impact this relationship, based on accounting, economic, psychology and hospital management literature, although others factors could impact the MTO as the manager\'s contract design ex -ante, business processes, uncertainty of the environment and task, strategic system of performance evaluation of the manager and the proximity to the core activity. The study was conducted with 18 managers in 5 hospitals and 1 health insurance, analyzing the factors that impact the execution of tasks and managerial decision-making, focusing on differentiating activities of short and long term and what are the drivers that focus on results short or long term. Data were obtained through interviews with managers and analyzed using the software NVivo, through discourse analysis. The result of the research was a survey of tasks result in short and long term in a hospital, the dilemmas of the health system that impact the management and a propose hypotheses of variables that may impact the MTO. The hypotheses are that the hospital sector factors such dilemmas with health insurance companies, environmental uncertainty, task uncertainty and emergency management would impact in the short term MTO, while strategic systems performance evaluation, social motivation, design of the contract, process management and time of proximity to the core activity would impact the long term MTO.

Teckenspråk kan uttrycka tid på olika sätt med hjälp av teckenrummet. Jag har i min studie fokuserat på hur rörelsen i tecken och medveten placering av flera tecken i teckenrummet kan kopplas till tidsbegrepp, så kallade tidslinjer. Linjerna och rörelserna kopplas metaforiskt till den konceptuella uppfattningen om TIME AS SPACE (tid är rum), vilken här används i form av tidsorienteringsmetafor. En studie av tidslinjer i det finska teckenspråket används som utgångsläge för min egen undersökning av finlandssvenskt teckenspråk och vilka typer av rörelser i tecknade tidsuttryck som återfinns där. Jag granskade totalt 8 video- och eaf-filer från den finlandssvenska teckenspråkskorpusen och fann flera lexikala och avbildande tecken med rörelser som hade en temporal innebörd och kunde kopplas till tidsuttryck. Jag annoterade totalt 319 rörelser enligt tidslinjer. I tecknet eller teckensatsen ingick de flesta rörelser kopplat till tidsuttryck i ett lexikalt tecken med en rörelsemodifiering (244) jämfört med i avbildande tecken där tecken kan placeras på och förflyttas mellan olika platser i teckenrummet (75). Avbildande tecken och flera tecken efter varandra längs en linje förekommer ofta längs horisontell och sagittal rörelseaxel. En gruppering av olika slags rörelsemönster visade på rörelsemodifikationer som kan tillföra en tidsaspekt eller betydelse. Tidsorienteringsmetaforen anser jag tydligt kan kopplas till tecknade tidsuttryck i finlandssvenskt teckenspråk. / Sign language can express time using the sign space. I have studied sign movements and the placement of several signs in the signing space linked to time concepts, so-called timelines. The lines and movements are metaphorically connected to the conceptual metaphor of TIME AS SPACE, which is used here as a time orientation metaphor. A study of timelines in the Finnish sign language is used as starting point for my study of Finnish-Swedish sign language and the types of movements according to timelines that are found there. I reviewed 8 video and eaf-files from the Finland-Swedish sign language corpus and found several lexical and depicting signs including movements linked to time expressions. I annotated 319 movements according to timelines. In the sign or a set of signs, most movements were included in a  lexical sign (244) compared to depicting signs which can be placed or moved in the sign space (75). Depicting signs and set of signs in a row along a line often occur along the horizontal and sagittal axis of motion. An analyze of movement patterns pointed out some movement modifications and how they can add a time aspect or meaning. The time orientation metaphor can clearly be linked to signed time expressions in Finland-Swedish sign language.

The diploma thesis is focused on educator's function in development of nonspeech areas of children with communicative disability. The thesis consists of two main parts. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters which gradually introduce the development of the child at a younger school age, communicative disability, nonspeech areas of comunication and education of children with communicative disability. This information provides a basic insight into issues of work and makes it easier to be well informed about topic. The empirical part presents the qualitative research in which four pupils with communicative disability are involved. The aim of the research is to find out the difficulties in nonspeech areas and what influence the educator of the after-school club can have on their development. Sensory perception, cognitive processes and motor skills are analyzed in accoradance with these goals. Changes between investigations are also observed. The chapter contains case studies of pupils that include personal and family history, individual children's abilities, social interaction and information about speech therapy. Furthermore, the results of the entry and control examination are presented in detail. Based on evaluation of results, answers to research questions are formulated. The chapter...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

The present study examines General Deterrence Theory (GDT) and its "parent," Rational Choice Theory (RCT), in an information security setting, assessing the behavioral intent to violate organizational policy under varying levels of certainty, severity and celerity of negative sanction. Also assessed is the individual computer user's time orientation, as measured by the Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) instrument (Strathman et. al, 1994). How does rational consideration of violation rewards influence the impact of sanctions on individuals? How does time orientation impact intent to violate security policy? How do these operate in an IS context? These questions are examined by assessing the responses of university students (N = 443) to experimental manipulations of sanctions and rewards. Answering vignettes with the factorial survey method, intent to violate is assessed in a setting of Internet piracy of electronic textbooks while being monitored by computer security systems. Findings show that, although traditional GDT variables and reward impact intent to violate, CFC does not cause the hypothesized moderating effect on these variables. However, post-hoc analysis reveals a direct effect of time orientation on behavioral intent, as well as a weak moderating effect opposite of the hypotheses, indicating increased time orientation positively moderates, rather than negatively moderates, the impact of reward on intent to violate. Implications for theory and practice, and future research directions, are discussed.