The perception of not having enough time to do all of the things one needs to get done appears to be on the rise across industrialized nations. In Canada, for example, 16.4% of the population reported high levels of pressure in 1992, compared with 19.7% in 2005. Understanding the factors associated with perceived time pressure is important for public health, particularly given research suggesting that perceptions of time pressure are increasing in Western society and that such perceptions are linked with social and mental well-being. The overall goal of this study was to better understand the patterning of perceived time pressure among working mothers and fathers in Canada according to whether they occupied the additional role of partner and/or caregiver, as well as according to characteristics associated with their paid work and family roles. The Gender, Work, and Family Health Survey, conducted in Saskatoon Canada in 2005 provided the data for this study. The total sample was 1160 (674 women and 486 men). Results of the multiple linear regression analyses showed that both role occupancy and role quality were related to perceived time pressure among employed parents but that the precise nature of these relationships depends on gender. For mothers, the following factors were associated with increased time pressure: occupancy of an unpaid caregiving role, parenting a child with at least one health/behavioral problem, agreement with the statements <i>"parenting makes me feel drained or exhausted"</i> or <i>"parenting makes me feel tense and anxious"</i>, and low perceived social support. Regarding the paid work environment, women who were categorized as high strain (ie., high demands/low control) or active (high demands/high control) also reported higher levels of time pressure. For fathers, the following variables were associated with greater time pressure: occupancy of the partner role, being a multiple job holder and having a high strain (ie., high demands/low control) or active (high demands/high control) psychosocial work environment. Limitations of the study are discussed as are the policy implications of the findings.

The perception of not having enough time to do all of the things one needs to get done appears to be on the rise across industrialized nations. In Canada, for example, 16.4% of the population reported high levels of pressure in 1992, compared with 19.7% in 2005. Understanding the factors associated with perceived time pressure is important for public health, particularly given research suggesting that perceptions of time pressure are increasing in Western society and that such perceptions are linked with social and mental well-being. The overall goal of this study was to better understand the patterning of perceived time pressure among working mothers and fathers in Canada according to whether they occupied the additional role of partner and/or caregiver, as well as according to characteristics associated with their paid work and family roles. The Gender, Work, and Family Health Survey, conducted in Saskatoon Canada in 2005 provided the data for this study. The total sample was 1160 (674 women and 486 men). Results of the multiple linear regression analyses showed that both role occupancy and role quality were related to perceived time pressure among employed parents but that the precise nature of these relationships depends on gender. For mothers, the following factors were associated with increased time pressure: occupancy of an unpaid caregiving role, parenting a child with at least one health/behavioral problem, agreement with the statements <i>"parenting makes me feel drained or exhausted"</i> or <i>"parenting makes me feel tense and anxious"</i>, and low perceived social support. Regarding the paid work environment, women who were categorized as high strain (ie., high demands/low control) or active (high demands/high control) also reported higher levels of time pressure. For fathers, the following variables were associated with greater time pressure: occupancy of the partner role, being a multiple job holder and having a high strain (ie., high demands/low control) or active (high demands/high control) psychosocial work environment. Limitations of the study are discussed as are the policy implications of the findings.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009 / Title from PDF (viewed on 26 May 2009) Includes abstract Department of Psychology Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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Professional skepticism is a critical component of audit practice and current auditing standards direct auditors to remain skeptical throughout the duration of each audit engagement. Despite the importance and prevalence of an emphasis on professional skepticism throughout auditing standards, evidence indicates that auditors often fail to exercise an appropriate degree of professional skepticism. Prior accounting research suggests that auditors’ professionally skeptical behavior is affected by individual personality traits as well as situational (state) influences, whereby both factors contribute to auditor professional skepticism. Yet, prior research has primarily focused on trait skepticism; and little research to date has investigated the concept of state skepticism. The purpose if this research study is to experimentally investigate the impact of time pressure and trait skepticism on state skepticism, and to test a potential debiasing procedure on the impact of time pressure on state skepticism. In addition, this study examines the influence of both skepticism types on skeptical behavior.This research offers several contributions to accounting literature and practice. First, I contribute to the existing debate regarding the influences of professional skepticism by providing evidence that professional skepticism may be categorized as a temporary state, induced by situational aspects, in addition to being classified as an enduring trait. Second, I identify certain situational conditions which create differences in the level of state professional skepticism exhibited within an auditing context. Lastly, my findings may also be important to audit firms as they consider tools within their training arsenal equipped to promote an appropriate level of professional skepticism among employees. If auditor skepticism can be influenced by the frames they are provided, then audit firms may create an environment that promotes consistency in auditors’ application of professional skepticism, simply by engaging in goal framing.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2000. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-67). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ67737.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Washburn, David, Committee Member ; Spieler, Dan, Committee Member ; Schumacher, Eric, Committee Member ; Engle, Randall, Committee Chair ; Corballis, Paul, Committee Member.

Problem detection is a critical component in nursing, such that superior detection could lead to quicker intervention, even if the nature of the problem is not yet clear. A critical problem intensive care nurses typically engage in is detecting the threat of an impending hospital-acquired infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the presence of risk factors, expertise, and time pressure on problem detection. The results suggested that time pressure seemed to have a detrimental effect on problem detection, and nurses benefitted from the presence of more risk factors. When not under time pressure, nurses were more sensitive in their problem detection judgments, and only needed one risk factor to trigger problem detection. Experienced nurses were more sensitive to the type of infection at detection, and were more likely to identify the problem correctly after information had been accumulated. These results suggest that problem detection was differentially affected by risk factors based on the presence or absence of time pressure. In addition, experienced nurses took a different approach to problem detection when compared to novices. Finally, problem detection and problem identification can in some situations occur simultaneously, but are distinct processes.

As the growth of the E-commerce and mobile technology, value-added services have attracted a substantial amount of attention in mobile applications. Many reports indicate that those mobile value-added services will be the next generation of Internet access and a potential profit maker in the future. However, the actual use of mobile value-added services is not as good as our expectation and the available services as well as user¡¦s intention to use them are not very high. The objective of this research is to explore how contextual factors and different types of value-added services may affect the user¡¦s intention to use. The theory underlying the study is the TPB model. An empirical study was conducted to examine the factors that affect the intention of adopting mobile services. The results show that (1) For all kind of services, a better task-technology fit resulted in a more positive attitude towards using the value-added services; (2). For all kind of services, user attitude on mobile value-added services was positively related to the user¡¦s willingness to use; (3) For communication, entertainment, and information services, perceive behavior control had a positive effect on user¡¦s willingness to use; (4) Social norms affected the willingness to use only when the nature of services is mobile entertainment or business transaction; (5) Contextual variables such as time pressure and location had mediate effects between attitudes and willingness to use.

I denna studie har prestationsångest undersökts i relation till tre olika typer av socialt stöd och två faktorer inom tidspress. Tidigare forskning pekar på att socialt stöd spelar en betydande roll för minskad prestationsångest i studier, samt att tidspress ger en ökad effekt. Undersökningen hade 151 manliga studenter från två olika program på en högskola. Mätningen av socialt stöd och tidspress skedde genom en tvåvägs variansanalys för oberoende mätningar för att få fram om hur dessa huvudeffekter har en inverkan på prestationsångest. Resultatet visade att högt socialt stöd och lite tidspress minskar prestationsångest samtidigt som lågt socialt stöd och mycket tidspress leder till ökad prestationsångest. En åtgärd för ökat socialt stöd kan vara att aktivt arbeta för en större sammanhållning mellan studenterna. Vi valde att endast undersöka män för att tidigare forskning kring detta ämne har haft stor fokus på endast kvinnor.