Thesis - Basel. / Bibliography: p. 76-78.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004. / Typescript (photocopy). Bibliography: leaves 385-402.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sci.)--University of Newcastle, 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Oct. 6, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-222).

This research explores East Timoreseness as a complex and evolving identity in which Timorese 'frontiers', both physical and psychic, have been drawn and redrawn over time and through space. It deals specifically with the sense of displacement and ambiguity that underpins the social identities of young East Timorese living in Australia during a period of intense political transformation in East Timor’s recent history (1997-1999). ¶ Acknowledging the diversity of experience among diasporic youth, the study focuses primarily on young ‘nineties’ Timorese, that is, those who were in their teens or early twenties when they fled East Timor in the wake of the Dili Massacre in 1991. It considers the ways in which they negotiated their experiences of displacement and the immensity of a highly politicised Timorese identity, often framed by young people themselves in terms of an embodied ‘weight’ and a viscerally deep, and occasionally overwhelming, sense of moral responsibility. In the diaspora, the evocation of traumatic memory has been central to the preservation of a uniquely East Timorese identity and its reconstitution in a breached world. Memory has thus been called upon to legitimate a very specific and homogenous East Timorese identity and to reconstruct it through public ritual. Yet an over-determination of such a monological discourse threatens to subsume the heterogeneous experiences and possible alterities of young Timorese and the diversity of Timorese cultural expression. This study explores the interplay between a monological discourse that articulates a cohesive public identity that implies an ‘authentic’ East Timoreseness and a dialogical discourse through which more ambiguous and hybrid identities emerge. ¶ I begin by tracing the strands of history, culture, myth and power that combine to produce totalising representations of East Timoreseness and youth as patriotic and self-sacrificing collectivities. I argue that the exigencies of the struggle for independence from Indonesian occupation depended upon a very specific enactment of youth within East Timor through which East Timorese youth acquired a potent and heroic role. Yet the potency of this politicised identity has always been unstable and provisional, both within and outside of East Timor. As well, such an identity is both enabling and confining for young Timorese since its performance is always infused with power structures and relations that are both socially and spatially contingent. ¶ I then explore processes of identity formation and re-evaluation among young diasporic East Timorese in depth. Removed from the immediacy of struggle, the 'doing' of youth among young diasporic East Timorese inevitably shifts according to the different knowledge formations that frame and produce 'youth' and particularly 'migrant youth' in host countries. While young Timorese often feel caught between apparently contradictory practices and constructions of youth, and discourses that oppose 'Timoreseness' and 'Australianness' (as well as ‘Timoreseness’ and ‘Indonesianness’), there is always room for slippage. Thus, I draw upon examples of their cultural negotiations in the world of the arts to show how young East Timorese sought to engage in meaningful forms of social action and deployed various forms of testimonial as a self-affirming and identity-validating practice. Through practices of music, poetry and theatre young East Timorese, in different ways and with varying force, deploy cultural strategies that are not necessarily inimical or unsympathetic to the concerns and political imperatives of older generation Timorese. The everyday narratives of young Timorese, however, reveal that their identities are entangled in the complex interplay of a number of divergent and interdependent structuring dispositions: the personal and the collective; the global and local; difference and continuity; freedom and constraint. The management of these tensions, as well as the uncertainties of their legal status in Australia and political upheavals within East Timor itself, required the creation of strategies of identity that drew upon both existing and new cultural referents and resources. The experiences of young diasporic East Timorese thus highlight the dialectical and contingent character of intercultural experience and social identities.

Thesis (M. Soc Sc.) -- University of Newcastle, 2005. / School of Social Sciences. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

O escritor timorense Luís Cardoso reconta, a partir de sua obra, os principais acontecimentos históricos de Timor-Leste. Em seus romances, aborda também o drama dos exilados (condição que conhece bem, por viver longe de sua terra natal desde 1974) e insere ainda em suas narrativas diversos elementos identitários, culturais e tradicionais do seu país. Esta tese estuda os cinco livros do autor publicados até o momento – a trilogia Crónica de uma Travessia (1997), Olhos de Coruja, Olhos de Gato Bravo (2001) e A Última Morte do Coronel Santiago (2003); Requiem para o Navegador Solitário (2007) e O ano em que Pigafetta completou a circum-navegação (2013) – e analisa como se dá o diálogo entre história e literatura; bem como quem são os personagens que construíram esta jovem nação. Cardoso revisita o passado e ilumina pontos obscuros da história timorense, escolhe como protagonistas aqueles que nem sempre receberam destaque nas versões oficiais. A história do país, em seus romances, serve como ponto de partida para reflexões sobre o futuro da jovem nação. Seus textos são dialógicos e intertextuais, repletos de referências múltiplas, sejam literárias, musicais ou mesmo cinematográficas. Através de seus romances, os leitores são convidados a vivenciar as crenças e tradições do Timor-Leste, onde a força dos espíritos ancestrais faz parte das experiências de vida dos seus cidadãos. A riqueza de sua obra está justamente no diálogo entre os dois mundos: o tradicional e o moderno, o passado e o futuro, o ontem e o hoje. / Timorese writer Luís Cardoso retells, from his work, the major historical events of East Timor. In his novels, he adresses the drama of the exiles (condition he knows well, by living away from his homeland since 1974) and he also inserts in his narratives several identity, cultural and traditional elements of his country. This thesis studies the author’s five books published so far – the trilogy Crónica de uma Travessia (1997), Olhos de Coruja, Olhos de Gato Bravo (2001) and A Última Morte do Coronel Santiago (2003); Requiem para o Navegador Solitário (2007) and O ano em que Pigafetta completou a circumnavegação (2013) – and analyzes how the dialogue between history and literature occurs; as well as who are the characters who have built this young nation. Cardoso revisits the past and illuminates dark corners of Timorese history, chossing as protagonists those who have not always been emblazoned on the official versions. The country's history, in his novels, serves as a starting point for discussions on the future of the young nation. His texts are dialogical and intertextual, filled with multiple references, whether literary, musical or even cinematographic. Through his novels, readers are invited to experience the beliefs and traditions of East Timor, where the strength of the ancestral spirits is part of its citizens’ life experiences. The richness of his work lies precisely in the dialogue between the two worlds: the traditional and the modern, the past and the future, yesterday and today.

O escritor timorense Luís Cardoso reconta, a partir de sua obra, os principais acontecimentos históricos de Timor-Leste. Em seus romances, aborda também o drama dos exilados (condição que conhece bem, por viver longe de sua terra natal desde 1974) e insere ainda em suas narrativas diversos elementos identitários, culturais e tradicionais do seu país. Esta tese estuda os cinco livros do autor publicados até o momento – a trilogia Crónica de uma Travessia (1997), Olhos de Coruja, Olhos de Gato Bravo (2001) e A Última Morte do Coronel Santiago (2003); Requiem para o Navegador Solitário (2007) e O ano em que Pigafetta completou a circum-navegação (2013) – e analisa como se dá o diálogo entre história e literatura; bem como quem são os personagens que construíram esta jovem nação. Cardoso revisita o passado e ilumina pontos obscuros da história timorense, escolhe como protagonistas aqueles que nem sempre receberam destaque nas versões oficiais. A história do país, em seus romances, serve como ponto de partida para reflexões sobre o futuro da jovem nação. Seus textos são dialógicos e intertextuais, repletos de referências múltiplas, sejam literárias, musicais ou mesmo cinematográficas. Através de seus romances, os leitores são convidados a vivenciar as crenças e tradições do Timor-Leste, onde a força dos espíritos ancestrais faz parte das experiências de vida dos seus cidadãos. A riqueza de sua obra está justamente no diálogo entre os dois mundos: o tradicional e o moderno, o passado e o futuro, o ontem e o hoje. / Timorese writer Luís Cardoso retells, from his work, the major historical events of East Timor. In his novels, he adresses the drama of the exiles (condition he knows well, by living away from his homeland since 1974) and he also inserts in his narratives several identity, cultural and traditional elements of his country. This thesis studies the author’s five books published so far – the trilogy Crónica de uma Travessia (1997), Olhos de Coruja, Olhos de Gato Bravo (2001) and A Última Morte do Coronel Santiago (2003); Requiem para o Navegador Solitário (2007) and O ano em que Pigafetta completou a circumnavegação (2013) – and analyzes how the dialogue between history and literature occurs; as well as who are the characters who have built this young nation. Cardoso revisits the past and illuminates dark corners of Timorese history, chossing as protagonists those who have not always been emblazoned on the official versions. The country's history, in his novels, serves as a starting point for discussions on the future of the young nation. His texts are dialogical and intertextual, filled with multiple references, whether literary, musical or even cinematographic. Through his novels, readers are invited to experience the beliefs and traditions of East Timor, where the strength of the ancestral spirits is part of its citizens’ life experiences. The richness of his work lies precisely in the dialogue between the two worlds: the traditional and the modern, the past and the future, yesterday and today.

O escritor timorense Luís Cardoso reconta, a partir de sua obra, os principais acontecimentos históricos de Timor-Leste. Em seus romances, aborda também o drama dos exilados (condição que conhece bem, por viver longe de sua terra natal desde 1974) e insere ainda em suas narrativas diversos elementos identitários, culturais e tradicionais do seu país. Esta tese estuda os cinco livros do autor publicados até o momento – a trilogia Crónica de uma Travessia (1997), Olhos de Coruja, Olhos de Gato Bravo (2001) e A Última Morte do Coronel Santiago (2003); Requiem para o Navegador Solitário (2007) e O ano em que Pigafetta completou a circum-navegação (2013) – e analisa como se dá o diálogo entre história e literatura; bem como quem são os personagens que construíram esta jovem nação. Cardoso revisita o passado e ilumina pontos obscuros da história timorense, escolhe como protagonistas aqueles que nem sempre receberam destaque nas versões oficiais. A história do país, em seus romances, serve como ponto de partida para reflexões sobre o futuro da jovem nação. Seus textos são dialógicos e intertextuais, repletos de referências múltiplas, sejam literárias, musicais ou mesmo cinematográficas. Através de seus romances, os leitores são convidados a vivenciar as crenças e tradições do Timor-Leste, onde a força dos espíritos ancestrais faz parte das experiências de vida dos seus cidadãos. A riqueza de sua obra está justamente no diálogo entre os dois mundos: o tradicional e o moderno, o passado e o futuro, o ontem e o hoje. / Timorese writer Luís Cardoso retells, from his work, the major historical events of East Timor. In his novels, he adresses the drama of the exiles (condition he knows well, by living away from his homeland since 1974) and he also inserts in his narratives several identity, cultural and traditional elements of his country. This thesis studies the author’s five books published so far – the trilogy Crónica de uma Travessia (1997), Olhos de Coruja, Olhos de Gato Bravo (2001) and A Última Morte do Coronel Santiago (2003); Requiem para o Navegador Solitário (2007) and O ano em que Pigafetta completou a circumnavegação (2013) – and analyzes how the dialogue between history and literature occurs; as well as who are the characters who have built this young nation. Cardoso revisits the past and illuminates dark corners of Timorese history, chossing as protagonists those who have not always been emblazoned on the official versions. The country's history, in his novels, serves as a starting point for discussions on the future of the young nation. His texts are dialogical and intertextual, filled with multiple references, whether literary, musical or even cinematographic. Through his novels, readers are invited to experience the beliefs and traditions of East Timor, where the strength of the ancestral spirits is part of its citizens’ life experiences. The richness of his work lies precisely in the dialogue between the two worlds: the traditional and the modern, the past and the future, yesterday and today.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a proposta pedagógica da Escola Canossa, bem como suas relações com os dispositivos legais pósindependência, os quais regulamentam a política educacional na República Democrática de Timor-Leste. Analisa-se ainda a sua contribuição ao processo educativo nacional. Para tanto, parte-se do estudo da Lei de Educação Básica da RDTL, destacando o paradigma da educação integral, proposto para fundamentar o currículo das escolas timorenses, situando-a no contexto sociocultural e educacional do país, após os conflitos da independência. Também retoma a gênese histórica da implantação da Escola Canossiana em Timor-Leste, analisando sua proposta educacional, cujas bases são buscadas na tradição filosófica. Ao final, discutem-se as condições e o alcance das contribuições que essa proposta pode trazer ao emergente processo civilizatório do país. Como fontes além da literatura filosófica educacional pertinente foram explorados os documentos oficiais do Estado e da Instituição Canossiana. O trabalho terá como resultado a apresentação de subsídios para a complementação, o aprimoramento a educação timorense. / This study has as its aim the pedagogical proposal for the Canossian School, its relations with the legal provisions prevailing post-independence educational policy in the Democratic Republic of East Timor, as well as its contribution to national education process. Therefore, including of this study the Basic Education Decree of (RDTL), which highlighting the paradigm of integral education offered to sustain the curriculum of Timorese schools, placing it in the context of socio- cultural and the educational in the state post conflicts after independence. It also incorporates the historical genesis of the establishment of Canossian School in East Timor, analyzing its educational proposal, whose bases are sought in the philosophical tradition. Eventually, discuss the conditions and extent of contributions that can bring this proposal to the emerging process of civilization of the country. As methodological sources besides the philosophical literature - education were explored relevant official documents of the State and the Canossian Institute. The work will result in the presentation of grants to supplement, improving Timorese education.

This thesis explores the institutional choices available to Timor-Leste to manage their natural resource wealth wisely and avoid the resource curse. Timor-Leste is a poor country and its challenge is to use its large per capita resource wealth to alleviate poverty and enable sustainable development. This research examines the Petroleum Fund Law, and other mechanisms to manage petroleum revenue that the Government of Timor-Leste has established. These mechanisms appear to be resilient, but remain untested. Based on field interviews in Timor-Leste, the study offers insights into the opinions of East Timorese and foreign advisers about how Timor-Leste´s petroleum revenue should be managed, and how a poor country can raise the living standards of its people.¶A framework that identifies human and social capital as essential to the quality of institutions is developed in this research, which proposes that the pre-condition of institutions affects the management of natural resource revenue. As a result of history (not its natural resource wealth) Timor-Leste´s productive institutions are weak and destructive institutions, such as corruption, are strong. The preferences of the research participants, identified using semi-structured interviews and multi-criteria decision analysis, revealed that what petroleum revenue is spent on is the most important petroleum revenue management decision. Further, health and education were regarded the highest spending priorities. Petroleum revenue management decisions that may affect Timor-Leste´s economic, social and political independence were also important to participants.¶Timor-Leste´s sustainable development depends on continued assistance in the form of foreign advisers to address its lack of human capital. A commitment to transparency should counteract the lack of trust between government and civil society. Timor-Leste will also need to invest more in people, and recognise that the wise management of its petroleum revenue depends as much on good governance as the mechanisms designed to manage it. The people of Timor-Leste´s fierce determination to overcome the challenges they face, against all odds, may help Timor-Leste to avoid the resource curse.¶