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Genetic improvement of timothy digestibility by breeding requires an effective and reliable selection procedure. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of four fiber components (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) and four ratios involving these concentrations (acid detergent lignin over hemicellulose, acid detergent lignin over cellulose, acid detergent lignin over the sum of hemicellulose and cellulose and hemicellulose over cellulose) as selection criteria to improve timothy digestibility without affecting plant biomass. Selected genotypes and populations derived from them were evaluated in a field experiment. Significant variability was observed among genotypes for all nine traits. Divergent phenotypic selection for seven of the traits (all except hemicellulose and hemicellulose over cellulose) produced groups of genotypes that consistently differed for the trait used as the selection criterion. Selection criteria that involved acid detergent lignin were the most effective in identifying genotypes with consistent differences in in vitro true digestibility. Genotypes selected for high or low values of each criterion were intercrossed to produce progeny populations. Five of the nine pairs of divergent populations were consistently different for the trait used as the selection criterion. Selection for acid detergent lignin over cellulose was the most effective in producing populations with consistent differences (22 to 32 g kg-1 DM) in in vitro true digestibility, with reduced values of this ratio associated with increased digestibility. This was mainly due to a reduction of the concentrations of lignin and neutral detergent fiber, particularly in the stem fraction, resulting in greater stem digestibility. Among the criteria examined here, the ratio of acid detergent lignin over cellulose therefore seems to be the most promising for phenotypic

My study is an investigation of the discourse of madness in Timothy Findley's fiction, where madness is defined as a discursive element that is both structural and thematic. The work encompasses Findley's short stories, novels, a work of non-fiction, and personal archival material. I argue that what has been called a diverse body of work (Hunter) is, in fact, solidly cohesive in its use of the discourse of madness that systematically subverts patterns of authority. My purpose is to reveal a discursive structure that both supports and subverts narrative coherence, locating its degree of disruption within a psychodynamic exchange. / My theoretical model situates the reader as the recipient of and participant in the initiating text's psychodynamic discourse, and so implicates the reader in the subversion of authority. The study amalgamates psychocriticism and reader response theory to demonstrate that Findley's writing actively engages the reader in a visceral exchange that I liken to that encountered within the psychoanalytic interview (Bollas). With the addition of the psychoanalytic component, my research moves substantially beyond the position taken by Wolfgang Iser on reader response and by Norman Holland, both of whom acknowledge the value of psychocriticism but maintain a dualistic (reader/text) model. While Iser and Holland assign the status of co-production of the text to the activity of reading, both neglect to address specific production value to the activity of writing which, in effect, leaves the reader as lone producer. / By introducing the "idiom" of the author my theoretical model becomes triadic so that my reading can move beyond the simple oscillation between text and reader to engage the author in a way that amplifies important questions of status raised by the psychodynamic model, such as: "Who is reading whom?" "Who is the analyst and who the analysand? Who is maintaining or manipulating authority?" These, in turn, raise further questions regarding subject/object relations and the ways in which transference-countertransference between selves and others, subjects and objects, conscious and unconscious states take place. In addressing these questions in terms of the triadic process of reading, which re-instates the initiating author, the value and originality of this study becomes apparent in its investigation of biographical material to literary production.

The main objective of this study is to investigate in detail the theory of characterization and to analyse critically the ways in which characters are presented with particular reference to Mangomo and Lehudu. This study further compares a'1d contrasts the development and growth of characters in these two novels. The study focuses specifically on providing a comprehensive background on characterization. It is anticipated that this will help clear the confusion around characters as they feature in novels as opposed to real life situations. Theoretical aspects of characterization shed new light on these novels and it was explained why this theory could be used with success in analysing characterization in Setswana novels. Chapter one of this study gives a brief introduction, problems, aims as well as the methodology employed in the study. The author's biography is fully given in chapter two in order to introduce him to the readers. The biography given is of utmost importance in the sense that the two novels under discussion were largely influenced by the author 1 s background which reveals his biography to a certain extend. Chapter three gives a detailed scientific theory of characterization as well as provides the framework for a satisfactory character depiction. The theories of investigative - comparison are also discussed to evaluate character growth and development in Mangomo and Lehudu. Chapters four and five present critical examinations of characterization in Mangomo and Lehudu respectively. Particular attention is given to how the actions and deeds of the main character (s) and background characters impact on characterization. These characters are evaluated individually to reveal the direct as well as the indirect presentations. A comparison approach is used in the characterization of the two novels. The differences and similarities are investigated to establish whether progressive growth in characterization could be discerned especially because both novels are written by the same author. The findings of this study reveal that the literary theory in general could be successfully applied in Setswana novels. Points of similarities and differences were discernable in Mmileng’s characterization in the two novels under focus. It also became obvious that naming among the Batswana differs from that of the English and Afrikaans people. The author tended •to alter his style of presenting characters in the two novels as characterization in Mangomo and Lehudu differs in some respect. In conclusion, this study has shown that characterization in Manqomo and Lehudu lends itself to literary theory in general. It became obvious that the characters in the two novels could be subjected to direct and indirect presentation. The findings further revealed that the author succeeded to present and create living characters by using words. In conclusion therefore, the author's character depiction is highly commendable. / Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO, 1993

The main objective of this study is to investigate in detail the theory of characterization and to analyse critically the ways in which characters are presented with particular reference to Mangomo and Lehudu. This study further compares a'1d contrasts the development and growth of characters in these two novels. The study focuses specifically on providing a comprehensive background on characterization. It is anticipated that this will help clear the confusion around characters as they feature in novels as opposed to real life situations. Theoretical aspects of characterization shed new light on these novels and it was explained why this theory could be used with success in analysing characterization in Setswana novels. Chapter one of this study gives a brief introduction, problems, aims as well as the methodology employed in the study. The author's biography is fully given in chapter two in order to introduce him to the readers. The biography given is of utmost importance in the sense that the two novels under discussion were largely influenced by the author 1 s background which reveals his biography to a certain extend. Chapter three gives a detailed scientific theory of characterization as well as provides the framework for a satisfactory character depiction. The theories of investigative - comparison are also discussed to evaluate character growth and development in Mangomo and Lehudu. Chapters four and five present critical examinations of characterization in Mangomo and Lehudu respectively. Particular attention is given to how the actions and deeds of the main character (s) and background characters impact on characterization. These characters are evaluated individually to reveal the direct as well as the indirect presentations. A comparison approach is used in the characterization of the two novels. The differences and similarities are investigated to establish whether progressive growth in characterization could be discerned especially because both novels are written by the same author. The findings of this study reveal that the literary theory in general could be successfully applied in Setswana novels. Points of similarities and differences were discernable in Mmileng’s characterization in the two novels under focus. It also became obvious that naming among the Batswana differs from that of the English and Afrikaans people. The author tended •to alter his style of presenting characters in the two novels as characterization in Mangomo and Lehudu differs in some respect. In conclusion, this study has shown that characterization in Manqomo and Lehudu lends itself to literary theory in general. It became obvious that the characters in the two novels could be subjected to direct and indirect presentation. The findings further revealed that the author succeeded to present and create living characters by using words. In conclusion therefore, the author's character depiction is highly commendable. / Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO, 1993

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The opium wars in China during the 1840s were followed by a surge of Christianization in the late Qing dynasty. What a kind of role played by missionaries in the modernization of the Qing China has been a long-lasting issue since the early 20th century. Due to political reasons, the contribution of the Christian mission was either underestimated in view of Cultural Invasion paradigm or overemphasized in view of Modernization paradigm. The thesis employs a less-distorted model, Liberal Theology, to analyze the influences of liberal missionaries, exemplified by Timothy Richard, on the social reform in the modernization movement of the late Qing. It describes the relevance of missionary activities to the development of Chinese history in view of the biographical records of Christian missions. The entry point of this presence is traced in the text through Richard’s activities to contribute to famine relief, literary work, reform advocacy, higher education, cross-cultural exchange, a product of the development of his ideas and strategies gained from the promotion of European models of modernization. Particularly, the thesis brings to light Richard’s symbiotic conception between religion and secularism (i.e., science, technology, education, and political reform). The main contribution of the study hinges on a couple of aspects: (1) Building a thorough portrait of Richard and of his life-long vocation by means of a number of primary and secondary sources in both English and Chinese; and (2) Interpreting the liminal role Richard played in his missionary work to answer the question: are missionaries a proxy of imperialism, or a paragon of modernization, or something in between? After pointing out the limitations of the two old paradigms, the thesis exposes that, armed with the hybrid Liberal Theology model, we can better understand the nature of the mission work done by liberal missionaries, such as Richard. Thus, though their activities happened in an era marked with colonial imperialism, the Christian mission should not be regarded as simply an imperialistic invasion in the cultural field; what is more, though missionaries introduced western civilization to Chinese people in various proselytizing approaches, they could not be considered as one of the prime movers for China’s modernization in the late Qing Dynasty, because the contributions they made subordinately promoted China’s modernization through a series of religious and cultural contacts with Chinese elites via, e.g., meetings, media, literary work, higher education.

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