Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-124).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:06:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 itako_at_dr_botfca.pdf: 1032828 bytes, checksum: e81f7ee93043c70914d51612014e840a (MD5) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar em condições de casa-de-vegetação e de campo a ação de alguns fungicidas e antibiótico no controle da mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas perforans) do tomateiro e na ativação de enzimas relacionadas à indução de resistência. A sensibilidade in vitro foi avaliada utilizando os produtos acibenzolar-S-metil; piraclostrobina e piraclostrobina + methiran, oxicloreto de cobre, oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb, fluazinam e oxitetraciclina nas concentrações de 0; 5; 10; 50; 100; 500; 1000 e 5000 μg.mL-1. Acibenzolar- S-metil e piraclostrobina não inibiram o crescimento de X. perforans em todas as concentrações avaliadas e para os demais produtos, o crescimento bacteriano variou em função da concentração ensaiada. Para avaliação da severidade e atividade enzimática em casa-devegetação, foram utilizadas as cultivares de tomateiro Santa Clara e Gisele e o híbrido AP 529 inoculadas com X. perforans. Os tratamentos consistiram da pulverização com acibenzolar-Smetil (2,5 g i.a./100 L), fluazinam (25 g i.a./100 L), piraclostrobina (8 g i.a./100 L), piraclostrobina + methiran (20 g + 220 g i.a./100L), oxicloreto de cobre (150 g i.a./100 L), oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb (88 g + 60 g i.a./100 L) e oxitetraciclina (40 g i.a./100 L), além de uma testemunha inoculada e uma testemunha não inoculada. Com os dados de severidade foi calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Todos os tratamentos apresentaram redução da AACPD em relação à testemunha. Os fungicidas acibenzolar-S-metil, piraclostrobina e piraclostrobina + methiran tiveram a maior redução da severidade da mancha bacteriana em tomateiro em condições de casa-de-vegetação. Os produtos à base de... / This study aimed to evaluate in greenhouse and in field the action of fungicides and antibiotics against tomato’s bacterial spot (Xanthomonas perforans) and the activation of enzymes related to the resistance. The sensitivity was evaluated in vitro using the products acibenzolar-Smethyl, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin + methiran, copper oxychloride, copper oxychloride + mancozeb, oxytetracycline at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 μg.mL- 1. Acibenzolar-S-methyl and pyraclostrobin did not inhibit the growth of X. perforans in all concentrations tested and for other products, the bacterial growth varied depending on the concentration tested. To assess the severity and enzyme activity in greenhouse, we used the tomato cultivars Santa Clara, Gisele and AP529 inoculated with X. perforans. The treatments consisted of pulverization with: acibenzolar-S-methyl (2.5 g a.i./100 L), fluazinam (25 g a.i./100 L), pyraclostrobin (8 g a.i./100 L) methiran + pyraclostrobin (20 g + 220 g i.a./100 L), copper oxychloride (150 g ai/100 L), copper oxychloride + mancozeb (88 g + 60 g a.i./100 L), oxytetracycline (40 g a.i./100 L), and in addition an inoculated and non inoculated as control. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated using the assessments data of the severity disease. All treatments had reduced the AUDPC compared to the control. The fungicides acibenzolar-S-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin + methiran had the highest reduction in the severity of bacterial spot on tomato plants under greenhouse experiments conditions. The acibenzolar-S-methyl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Maringoni / Coorientador: Kátia Regina F. Schawan Estrada / Banca: Ricardo Gioria / Banca: Marcelo Agenor Pavan / Banca: Julio Rodrigues Neto / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar em condições de casa-de-vegetação e de campo a ação de alguns fungicidas e antibiótico no controle da mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas perforans) do tomateiro e na ativação de enzimas relacionadas à indução de resistência. A sensibilidade in vitro foi avaliada utilizando os produtos acibenzolar-S-metil; piraclostrobina e piraclostrobina + methiran, oxicloreto de cobre, oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb, fluazinam e oxitetraciclina nas concentrações de 0; 5; 10; 50; 100; 500; 1000 e 5000 μg.mL-1. Acibenzolar- S-metil e piraclostrobina não inibiram o crescimento de X. perforans em todas as concentrações avaliadas e para os demais produtos, o crescimento bacteriano variou em função da concentração ensaiada. Para avaliação da severidade e atividade enzimática em casa-devegetação, foram utilizadas as cultivares de tomateiro Santa Clara e Gisele e o híbrido AP 529 inoculadas com X. perforans. Os tratamentos consistiram da pulverização com acibenzolar-Smetil (2,5 g i.a./100 L), fluazinam (25 g i.a./100 L), piraclostrobina (8 g i.a./100 L), piraclostrobina + methiran (20 g + 220 g i.a./100L), oxicloreto de cobre (150 g i.a./100 L), oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb (88 g + 60 g i.a./100 L) e oxitetraciclina (40 g i.a./100 L), além de uma testemunha inoculada e uma testemunha não inoculada. Com os dados de severidade foi calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Todos os tratamentos apresentaram redução da AACPD em relação à testemunha. Os fungicidas acibenzolar-S-metil, piraclostrobina e piraclostrobina + methiran tiveram a maior redução da severidade da mancha bacteriana em tomateiro em condições de casa-de-vegetação. Os produtos à base de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate in greenhouse and in field the action of fungicides and antibiotics against tomato's bacterial spot (Xanthomonas perforans) and the activation of enzymes related to the resistance. The sensitivity was evaluated in vitro using the products acibenzolar-Smethyl, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin + methiran, copper oxychloride, copper oxychloride + mancozeb, oxytetracycline at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 μg.mL- 1. Acibenzolar-S-methyl and pyraclostrobin did not inhibit the growth of X. perforans in all concentrations tested and for other products, the bacterial growth varied depending on the concentration tested. To assess the severity and enzyme activity in greenhouse, we used the tomato cultivars Santa Clara, Gisele and AP529 inoculated with X. perforans. The treatments consisted of pulverization with: acibenzolar-S-methyl (2.5 g a.i./100 L), fluazinam (25 g a.i./100 L), pyraclostrobin (8 g a.i./100 L) methiran + pyraclostrobin (20 g + 220 g i.a./100 L), copper oxychloride (150 g ai/100 L), copper oxychloride + mancozeb (88 g + 60 g a.i./100 L), oxytetracycline (40 g a.i./100 L), and in addition an inoculated and non inoculated as control. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated using the assessments data of the severity disease. All treatments had reduced the AUDPC compared to the control. The fungicides acibenzolar-S-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin + methiran had the highest reduction in the severity of bacterial spot on tomato plants under greenhouse experiments conditions. The acibenzolar-S-methyl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

[No abstract available] / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Investigation into possible causes for reported softness of B.C. Interior tomatoes revealed that processed tomatoes from the Kelowna district were firmer than processed tomatoes from the Vernon or Kamloops districts. Soil and plant material samples from the Kelowna district were relatively high in calcium and magnesium and low in potassium compared to samples from Vernon which were relatively low in calcium and magnesium and high in potassium. Samples from the Kamloops district were relatively high in calcium, magnesium and potassium. Fruit samples from the Kelowna district contained a significantly greater amount of water-soluble pectin than fruit from either Vernon or Kamloops. Soil treatments with several nutrient elements did not produce a significant effect on water-soluble pectin in tomato fruit at Kelowna, Vernon or Kamloops, but treatments containing calcium appeared to produce the most consistent effect. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Tomatoes were grown in a greenhouse during the winter with different levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizer under both normal day length and normal day length extended with artificial light. Growth rates of plants and yields of fruit were recorded. An analysis was carried out on the fruit for sugars, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid and in both the leaves and the fruit, dry weight, total ash, total nitrogen, phosphorous and calcium were determined. Additional illumination depressed yield and fruit size but hastened maturity of the fruit by more than three weeks. In general, additional light increased ascorbic acid and titrateable acidity in the fruit, decreased moisture in the leaves, increased moisture in the fruit, increased ash weight and potassium in the leaves and fruit and increased calcium content of the leaves. Irradiation also increased the sugar content of the fruit where low levels of soil nitrogen were used but decreased sugar content of the fruit where higher levels of nitrogen were used. Low nitrogen in the soil was associated with high ash content of the leaves and fruit, especially under irradiation. Nitrogen increases in the soil resulted in increased nitrogen and decreased phosphorous and potassium content of the leaves and fruit and in increased calcium content of the leaves. The higher soil levels of phosphorous and potash tended to increase the ascorbic acid and titratable acidity content of the fruit, increase the phosphorous and potassium content of the leaves and fruit and decrease the calcium content of the leaves. Yield was increased as a result of the higher nitrogen treatments under normal light only. The fertilizer applications used had no effect in increasing yield under supplemental illumination. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Tomatoes of the Vetomold 121 variety were grown in sand cultures in the University of British Columbia greenhouse. Interiors of clay pots, in which the plants were grown, were painted with asphalt several times to prevent the plants from absorbing micronutrient elements from the materials used to manufacture the pots. Ripe tomatoes were analyzed for vitamin C, ash, and total soluble sugar; green fruit was analyzed for catalase; and plant leaves were analyzed for catalase, oxidase and peroxidase activity. The fruit yield and plant weight were also recorded. Plants receiving boron in their nutrient solutions were observed to be less susceptible to tomato leafmold than plants receiving no boron. Boron was also observed to stimulate fibrous root growth. Boron significantly decreased oxidase but increased catalase and peroxidase in the leaves, and significantly increased plant weight. Trends indicate that boron also increased yield and depressed the sugar content of the fruit. Copper tended to increase plant weight, and decrease ash in the ripe tomatoes and catalase in the leaves. This micronutrient also significantly decreased peroxidase. Results indicated a tendency for manganese to increase vitamin C in ripe tomatoes and catalase in green fruit, but to depress sugar, ash, yield, and plant weight. Manganese significantly reduced catalase and peroxidase activity in the leaves. A significant increase in peroxidase and a significant decrease In catalase of tomato plant leaves was effected by molybdenum. Fruit yield was depressed somewhat by the addition of molybdenum to a complete nutrient solution. Zinc appeared to increase catalase in green fruit and oxidase in tomato leaves; however, it did significantly increase plant weight and decrease leaf catalase. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

It is desirable to develop tomato varieties which have the character of being able to set fruit at relatively cool temperature between 10°C to 15.5°C for commercial production in Canada. The tomato varieties Puck, Bonny Best, Immur, Prior Beta, Cold Set and some of their reciprocal Fl hybrids were grown both in greenhouses and in growth chambers under two different temperature levels, experiments were carried out to study fruit, set and the effects of self and cross-pollination on fruit development in four varieties and the Fl hybrids of PxBB, BBxP, IPBxBB, BBxIPB, CSxBB, and BBxCS. Under both cool and warm temperatures, the percentage of fruit set and also size of fruit were increased when cross-pollination was used in contrast to self-pollination. Under cool temperature, all Fl hybrid lines had a higher percentage of fruit set than their two parents, but in warm temperature the Fl hybrid lines had a intermediate percentage between those of the two parents. Under both temperature regimes there were distinct differences among lines in the time intervals for different component stages in the life cycle. Cool temperatures increased lengths of these intervals, but relative difference in lengths of interval was clearly evident. Among the ten lines, IPB was notably the earliest variety to ripe first fruit. In the first component interval from seeding to flower opening, IPB was the earliest and Bonny Best the latest; however, for the two succeeding intervals, namely flowering to fruit set and fruit set to ripening, IPB did not have the shortest intervals or most rapid growth. In fact Puck variety was better than IPB for the second component interval, and in the third interval, (BBxIPB) Fl and the reciprocal cross were the earliest. This sort of variability suggests recombination to put the earliest component stages together to synthesize a very early line. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Blotchy ripening (BR) of tomatoes is an irregular ripening of tomato fruits. This world-wide disorder has been a problem of the spring crop, particularly during the later part of May, in greenhouse tomatoes in British Columbia. For the investigation of the factors which affect the occurrence of BR in B.C., the following were considered: Correlation between the hours of bright sunshine and the incidence of BR, the influence of weekly alternation of light and temperature conditions on the incidence of BR, and the association of the incidence of BR and virus diseases. Examination of weather records led to a hypothesis which was tested in growth chambers. The light regimes employed consisted of a high and a low light condition. Concurrently two temperature regimes were used, one with a high maximum-temperature and the other with a low maximum temperature. Both regimes employed the same minimum temperature. The results of the studies were as follows: The cyclic occurrence of sunny weeks and cloudy weeks was associated with the incidence of BR in the B.C. greenhouse tomatoes. The weekly alternation of the light conditions produced 37% BR fruits when the plants were subjected to a constant day- night temperature cycle, but only 11% BR fruits, which was not significantly different from 6% BR in the control, was produced when the temperature conditions were alternated simultaneously and directly with light regimes. The role of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) on the Incidence of BR in the B.C. greenhouse tomatoes did not appear to be important. The effect of potato virus (PVX) on the incidence of BR was not clear. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Controlled environment experiments were conducted to study the influence of four night/day temperature regimes; 17.8/25.6, 7.2/18.3, 4.4/15.6 and 2.8/13.9°C on the quality of tomato fruits, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. c.v. Early Red Chief, measured objectively at three harvest dates. Temperature effects on vegetative and reproductive growth and fruit cracking were also examined. In addition, the stability of carotenoid pigments of macerated and cubed fruit stored at -20° for 0, 10, 20 and 40 days was studied. Low air temperatures decreased plant growth, caused chlorosis of vegetative growth, and reduced the frequency of fruit cracking but had little effect on fruit weight. Flower formation continued at all temperatures with the exception of the 2.8/13.9 environment while fruit set occurred only at the two highest thermal regimes. Fruits harvested at 17.8/25.6 were considerably lower in total solids, reducing sugars and titratable acidities and had substantially higher pH values than fruit exposed to 7.2/18.3, 4.4/15.6 and 2.8/13.9. Temperature had little or no effect on fruit refractive indices and total pectic substances. The failure of total pectic substances to reflect the apparent firmness differences between treatments indicates that total pectic substances are not a satisfactory index of this quality parameter. Surface and internal lightness and yellowness declined with increasing temperatures and later harvests, while redness values increased. Fruit harvested at 17.8/25.6 attained a full red coloration in 7 days, while those exposed to 7.2/18.3 required about 14 days to reach a comparable level of colour development. Fruit exposed to 2.8/13.9 were of inferior colour as evidenced by high L and bL values and low aL values. The high degree of association between lightness and yellowness values under all treatment conditions suggests that surface colour and, to a lesser extent, internal colour can be adequately specified in terms of a constant and two, rather than three, variables. The high overall correlation coefficient obtained between surface and internal Lb/a ratios immediately indicated the possibility of utilizing surface Lb/a ratios to predict internal colour. Temperature and harvest dates influenced the relationship between internal and surface colour ratios as evidenced by the decrease in correlation coefficients with higher temperatures and later harvests. The effect of decreasing temperatures on tomato colour was found to be largely a function of temperature effects on lycopene synthesis. Colour values showed marked changes as total carotene concentrations increased up to about 55 μg/g fresh weight. Continued increases above this level were not accompanied by parallel changes in surface or internal colour. Temperatures and harvest dates affected all pigment concentrations with the exception of Ƴ-carotene and, for the most part, β-carotene. The temperature regimes ranked in order of decreasing fruit quality were as follows: 7.2/18.3; 17.8/25.6; 4.4/15.6; 2.8/13.9. Although of satisfactory coloration, fruits harvested at 17.8/25.6 were rated below the 7.2/18.3 fruit for reasons of lower dry matter, sugar and acid contents. Storage duration had little effect on carotenoid concentrations of cubed samples. In macerated samples, phytoene, phytofluene and ζ-carotene concentrations decreased with storage time. When fresh samples were analysed, all pigment concentrations with the exception of lycopene were found to be much lower in macerated than in cubed samples. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate