Thesis (M.Soc.Sc. Geography)--University of Waikato, 2007. / Title from PDF cover (viewed May 26, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-165)

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Kentucky University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-37 ).

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 259-280. / Photocopy. / xiv, 280 leaves, bound ill., map 29 cm

This study has the principle goal of showing that Christian institutions and practices are powerful forces for social management within the Tongan community, and, more precisely, that congregations are a primary means for facilitating social control, cooperation, competition, and conflict management. My ethnographic research, including discourse analysis, reveals the distinct nature of conflict management in a range of situations within the congregation and community. Comparison of a number of congregations of different denominational affiliation exposes the factionalization as well as the unification within and among congregations. The study of conflict management processes reveals that congregations are the primary institutional social force in Tongan communities are the primary means for organizing labor, distributing resources, and delegating responsibility for a wide range of activities. Congregations' management of conflicts engenders the expression of opposing beliefs and viewpoints within and between congregations, fuels an ongoing process of congregational identity, and furthers the means by which religious groups are agents of cultural transformation in regard to definitions of self, family, kin group, and community.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D. Anthropology)--University of Waikato, 2007. / Title from PDF cover (viewed April 23, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 290-323)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-183). Also available on microfiche.

Zooarchaeological analysis of fish bones is a valuable approach to understand prehistoric diet and resource exploitation in island and coastal settings. This thesis explores fish use at the Hopoate site on Tongatapu by identifying the various taxa which comprised the ichthyoarchaeological assemblage. The analysis focused on recovered materials which date to the earliest period of occupation in Tonga (2850 cal BP). This is the first detailed fishery study from Tongatapu; few have been conducted elsewhere in Tonga. The inhabitants at Hopoate focused fishing on inshore reef fish which is typical of Lapita fisheries. The first inhabitants, the Lapita peoples, benefited from a mixed subsistence economy of plant and marine foods. However, the relative contribution of fish to the Lapita diet was variable across the Pacific Islands. Eighteen fish taxa were identified from a total NISP of 5091. The analysis of fish bones from Hopoate indicated an intensification of the fishery during the mid-Lapita period (2690-2390 cal BP). Past archaeological studies on Tongatapu have recorded a severe decrease in the availability of shellfish from the Fanga ‘Uta Lagoon, following the initial settlement of the island. The increased fishing efforts are possibly related to the decreasing availability of shellfish from the lagoon. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / This thesis explores fish use at the Hopoate site on Tongatapu, during the earliest periods of occupation in Tonga. The first inhabitants, the Lapita peoples, benefited from a mixed diet consisting of plant and marine foods. Archaeological evidence in Tonga and the Pacific Islands show intensive pressure on numerous native land and sea resources following initial settlement periods. The analysis of fish bones from this study recorded a high abundance of inshore reef fish, typical of most Lapita sites. Following the initial settlement period of the island, fishing efforts increased and a greater amount of fish were harvested. The intensification of the fishery over time may be related to a decline in shellfish harvested from the local lagoon. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the earliest inhabitants were heavily reliant on the local marine resources.

No description available.

Agricultural industries play a key role in promoting the economic prosperity and growth of Tongan society. Agricultural exports, such as the pumpkin industry, receive foreign exchange to pay for the imports. This project aims to develop an understanding of the problems involved in exporting pumpkins from Tonga to the Japanese rice market. It also aims, as an action research project, to increase the understanding of the problem owners in order to improve the operation of the industry. The inquiry explores the perceived problems and concerns of all parties involved in the development of the industry including the exporters, farmers, government departments and the Tongan Development Bank as well as the Japanese pumpkin importers. The study used a systems approach, utilising action research methodology as an entry point to conduct a collaborative inquiry. A market analysis of the niche market of the pumpkin industry was carried out.The following have been identified as the most important factors in the development of the industry. (1) It was found that low quality standard of pumpkin exports has been the main concern as it hinders the development of the niche market. (2) Insufficient government support services have also contributed to the low quality standard. Partly as a result of the action research project a strategic plan for the industry was developed and this has already led to changes in industry practices. / Master of Science (Hons)