A major recent trend in systematics is the re-integration of morphological data into total evidence analysis. To date, few studies have explored the effects of incorporating morphological and molecular data into total evidence analyses; however, those that have done so have found that even a comparatively small phenomic dataset can have disproportionately large impacts on results. Given the demonstrated importance of morphological characters in testing the phylogenetic relationships, herein I provide a case in point for the exploration of the effects of incorporating morphological evidence as an independent source of phylogenetic evidence, and an important framework to test hypotheses supported by molecular evidence, in the superfamily Brachycephaloidea. In this study, 338 amphibian species are included, of which 318 species correspond to the superfamily Brachycephaloidea. All known genera within the superfamily were sampled. The complete dataset included 13,686 molecular characters (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and 185 morphological characters, which were analyzed together. In addition, I performed additional analyses modifying the complete datasets to evaluate the effects of character and taxon sampling. As results, I found that the superfamily Brachycephaloidea does not represent a monophyletic as previously thought. Likewise, the phylogeny resulting from this analysis showed several taxa to be nonmonophyletic: Brachycephalidae and Craugastoridae as well as genera Craugastor, Psychrophynella, and Pristimantis. From the detailed examination of the impact of both character and taxon sampling on the phylogenetic relationships of the superfamily Brachycephaloidea, I found that the inclusion of a comparatively small phenomic dataset (185 character) as well as the inclusion of two key taxa (Atopophrynus syntomopus and Dischidodactylus duidensis) had disproportionately large impacts on the tree topology. Finally, I provide a new taxonomy for this group. In this, I recognize five families, of which three are morphologically diagnosable (Eleutherodactylidae, Hypodactylidae, and Strabomantidae) whereas the other two are diagnosable solely with molecular evidence (Ceuthomantidae and Craugastoridae). Likewise, 12 out of 26 genera included are morphologically diagnosable. / Uma grande tendência em estudos de sistemática filogenética é a reintegração de dados morfológicos em análises de evidência total. Até o momento, poucos estudos exploraram os efeitos da incorporação de dados morfológicos conjuntamente com dados moleculares em análises de evidência total. No entanto, aqueles que o fizeram concluíram que mesmo uma pequena base de dados fenômicos pode ter grandes e desproporcionais impactos nos resultados. Dada a demonstrada importância de caracteres morfológicos em testes de relacionamentos filogenéticos, aqui apresento um caso de exploração dos efeitos da incorporação de evidência morfológica como uma fonte independente de evidência filogenética e como importante \"framework\" para testar hipóteses suportadas por evidência molecular na superfamília Brachycephaloidea. Nesse estudo, 338 espécies de anfíbios foram incluídas, das quais 318 correspondem a espécies da superfamília Brachycephaloidea. Todos os gêneros conhecidos da superfamília foram amostrados. A base de dados completa inclui 13.686 caracteres moleculares (marcadores mitocondriais e nucleares) e 185 caracteres morfológicos, que foram analisados conjuntamente. Ademais, realizei análises adicionais modificando as bases de dados para avaliar os efeitos de amostragem de caracteres e táxons. Como resultado, encontrei que a superfamília Brachycephaloidea não é monofilética, como anteriormente considerada. Da mesma forma, a filogenia resultante da análise de evidência total mostrou que vários outros táxons também não são monofiléticos: as famílias Brachycephalidae e Craugastoridae, assim como os gêneros Craugastor, Psychrophrynella e Pristimantis. Através do exame detalhado do impacto de diferentes amostragens de caracteres e táxons sobre as relações filogenética na superfamília Brachycephaloidea, encontrei que a inclusão de dois táxons chaves (Atopophrynus syntomopus e Dischidodactylus duidensis) tiveram grandes e desproporcionais impactos na topologia das árvores. Finalmente, eu apresento uma nova taxonomia para as rãs de desenvolvimento direto, reconhecendo cinco famílias, das quais três são morfologicamente diagnosticáveis (Eleutherodactylidae, Hypodactylidae e Strabomantidae), enquanto as outras duas são diagnosticáveis apenas com evidência molecular (Ceuthomantidae e Craugastoridae). Da mesma forma, 12 dos 26 gêneros inclusos são morfologicamente diagnosticáveis.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-127).

To replace nonrenewable materials, glass, plastics and metals, at the market the production of the environmental friendly material paper needs to increase numerously. An increased paper production leads to an enlarged wastewater flow at the paper mill and thereby higher surface load in the biologicalwastewater plant. Higher surface load in turn, leads to lower efficiency and higher emissions. To be able to increase the capacity of the paper production, the wastewater flow to the biological wastewater treatment needs to be decreased. In this thesis, the wastewater at Skärblacka mill has been studied to identify how to increase the production without increasing the flow of wastewater to the biological wastewater treatment. Different wastewater has been studied to identify sufficient clean wastewater flows that today are directed to the biological wastewater treatment. The outcome of this thesis is that up to 600 m3/h wastewater could be removed from the biological wastewater treatment due to sufficiently high purity. This outcome is primarily based on measurements of the emission parameters, Total Organic Carbon, Suspended Solids, Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen and the calculation of PEC/PNEC, environmental assessment, for the chemicals in the wastewater. The unload of up to 600 m3/h will contribute to an increased efficiency in the biological wastewater treatment and thereby lower emissions. Increased efficiency and lower levels of emissions will in turn contribute to a possibility to increase the paper production at Skärblacka mill without interfering withenvironmental demands.

Rapporten handlar om att sätta upp en plan för implementering av ett mer strukturerat underhållsarbete på Valmet ABs gjuteri i Karlstad. Arbetet görs i kursen examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i maskinteknik på Karlstads universitet under våren 2014. Valmet har nyligen köpt upp gjuteriet på Lamberget i Karlstad. Där är det ett mycket eftersatt underhåll och finns i nuläget inte någon bra struktur på hur de arbetar med underhåll. Underhållsverksamheten är i behov av att systematiseras och integreras i Valmets övriga underhållsorganisation. Syftet med arbetet är således att utarbeta en plan för att strukturera underhållet på Valmets gjuteri i Karlstad. Arbetet är indelat i tre faser. - Nulägesanalys genom dels intervjuer av underhållspersonal samt kartläggning av utrustning - Skapa en målbild över hur man vill arbeta med underhåll, genom studiebesök hos andra liknande verksamheter, diskussioner med ledningen samt litteraturstudier. - Upprättande av plan för hur man ska ta sig dit. Vilka aktiviteter som skall utföras samt i vilken ordning, där bland annat lämpliga mätetal ska tas fram. Arbetet är baserat på metodiken TPM (total productive maintenance), det handlar dock inte om ett fullständigt införande av TPM utan begränsat till valda delar. Utifrån intervjuer med underhållspersonalen på gjuteriet samt observationsstudier och en kartläggning av maskinparken har en nulägesanalys gjorts. Denna nulägesanalys har visat de problem och utmaningar som finns på underhållsavdelningen på gjuteriet. En målbild över hur man vill arbeta med underhåll på gjuteriet har ritats upp utifrån de studiebesök samt intervjuer med personal i ledningen. Det mest vitala som framkommit i denna fas är hur viktigt ledningens engagemang är för att kunna genomföra ett förändringsarbete, samt hur viktigt det är med en bra kommunikation både mellan de olika avdelningarna, men också inom gruppen. Med hjälp av de två ovanstående faserna samt den teori som bearbetats under projektet har en plan upprättats för ett mer strukturerat underhållsarbete. Planen innefattar 12 punkter som behandlar de aktiviteter som bör implementeras, samt i den turordning de bör implementeras, för att få en bättre struktur på underhållsarbetet på Valmets gjuteri. De två enskilt viktigaste delarna i planen är enligt mig dels att anställa en person som ansvarar för den dagliga driften av underhållet. Samt att implementera underhållssystemet AM-underhåll, så att man kan få en bättre struktur på underhållsarbetet i form av arbetsordrar, mätetal och historik. / The report is about setting up an Implementation plan for a structured maintenance work on Valmet ABs foundry in Karlstad. This work is the final part for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering and takes place at Karlstad University in the spring of 2014. Valmet has recently bought the foundry at Lamberget in Karlstad. The maintenance work is much neglected and in the current state there is no good structure. The maintenance work is in need of systemization and integration into Valmets other maintenance organization. The purpose of the project is to develop a plan Implementation plan for a structured maintenance work on Valmet ABs foundry in Karlstad. The project is divided into three phases. - Situational analysis through both interviews of maintenance personnel and identifying the current equipment - Create a vision of how they want to work with maintenance through benchmarking against other similar businesses, and literature studies - Establishment of a plan for how to get there. What activities to be performed and in what order The work is based on the methodology TPM (total productive maintenance). However it is not about an implementation of TPM, but limited to certain parts. From interviews with the maintenance staff at the foundry, observational studies and an identification study of the machinery, a situational analysis has been made. This situation analysis has shown the problems and challenges that exist in the maintenance department at the foundry. A vision of how they want to work with maintenance on the foundry has been drawn, based on study visits and interviews with management staff. It is most vital that emerged in this phase is the importance of management commitment to implement a process of change. A good communication both between the different departments and within the group is also vital. Using the two phases above, together with the theory processed during the project, a plan has been established for a more structured maintenance. The plan includes 12 stages that addresses the activities that should be implemented, and in what order, in order to get a better structure on maintenance work at the foundry at Valmet. The two single most important elements of the plan are, in my mind, to hire a person who is responsible for the daily operations of the maintenance work. As well as to implement the maintenance system AM-underhåll, so you can get a better structure to the maintenance work in the form of work orders, metrics and history.

Thesis (MHlthSc(OccTh))--University of South Australia, 1999

Thesis (MAppSc in Physiotherapy)--University of South Australia, 1996

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf [453-455]).

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-89).

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.