Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2005. / Vita. Thesis advisor: Carolyn Dean. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 324-361). Also available online.

The purpose of this study is to interrogate how the official tourism websites of Jakarta, represent the tourism and culture of Jakarta; and to understand how those tourism discourses form a part of wider social processes, and social practices. The investigation uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the contents of both texts and visual images, and interpret how they reflect Jakarta’s tourist resources. Societal analysis focuses on explanations of social discourses surrounding interpretations of the data. The study found through the visual images and the texts, that Jakarta was represented as both traditional and modern. Several concepts drawn from the postcolonial literature were used to explore the traditional and modern representation of Jakarta namely exoticism, cultural hybridity and mimicry, primitivism, and authenticity. In addition, notions of self-Orientalism and issues of gender emerged in the analysis of these representations. The exoticisation of Jakarta was represented in the content, structure and practice of traditional foods; traditional clothing of Jakarta; in the traditional dances of Jakartans, and the traditional street theatre. Cultural hybridity was relevant in that those traditional performing arts were influenced by Chinese and European cultures. The representation of native people on Jakarta’s websites related to the concept of primitivism. The concept of authenticity was problematised for example in the representation of the Selamat Datang monument, the patung Pancoran, and the National monument as authentic city properties. The concept of self-Orientalism was applied here, where Jakartan females were represented iii as inferior and in dependent relationships with men, confirming Orientalist stereotypes of Asian women. The study also found the concept of cultural mimicry and hybridity in the representation of Jakarta as modern, such as shopping malls, amusement parks, and spa treatments. From the discussion, there were also some wider social issues which arose from the representation of traditional elements of Jakarta’s culture. That is, to meet tourists’ needs the originality of the traditional foods of Jakarta, such as Kerak Telor was changed. Similarly, the effects of Ondel-ondel or traditional street theatre of Jakarta being used to meet the tourists’ demands, is over exploitation. However, the study revealed that there was no significant social impact of the representation of Jakarta as modern. Another important finding emerging from the study is that the official websites are more powerful compared to other online forms of information about a destination. It was because the official website is government owned, so, it appears to be credible; it also allowed the Tourism Board to use several techniques to represent the destination, such as the use of the story telling method and multimodal discourses, such as texts, photos, videos, or logos.

This thesis seeks to understand the mobilities of VW Campervan tourists as they travel for leisure purposes. The aim of the study is to unpack the social and embodied consequences of Volkswagen ownership to contribute to mobilities and automobilities research. By following the ‘slow’ journeys of VW campervan tourists travelling to festivals in the North East of England and Scotland, the different intensities of interactions between driver and vehicle are mapped in this dialogic account. Mindful of the centrality of the human subject in this case, it was important to ground the research in the new mobilities paradigm and to place meaningful movements at the heart of this analysis of a particular expression of modern social life (Urry, 2000a, Adey, 2010). Further to epistemological rationale of the study, Actor Network Theory is also used as tool through which to unpack, order and reconcile the social, material and non-representational affects that constitute VW Campervan travel. This framework is important as it has allowed knowledge to be captured within a broad spectrum of possibilities rather than as distinct tropes. Within existing tourism literature, interactions between people and velocity on ferries, canoes, motorcycles, waiting in line and so on, have been touched upon (Mitchell and Kubein, 2009; Vannini et al., 2009; Waskul, 2009), but no research has looked explicitly at the dimensions of VW campervan travel as a characterful form which travellers form significant bonds with their vehicles. In terms of the research design, interdisciplinary, inductive and interpretivist methodologies are used as epistemological foundations upon which ethnographic, auto-ethnographic, visual and mobile methods are deployed for data collection. Fieldwork was conducted during the summer between 2010/13 and the resultant findings developed into three distinct critiques. These include observations on how they travel on roads to the destination, considerations of the relationship between the driver and VW campervan, then finally insights into the experiences of owners at the festival. As a contribution to knowledge therefore, the chapter Velocity and Time comprehends the experience of roads as not mundane thoroughfares but instead rich, vivid and meaningful places where travellers are enveloped in speed, nature and communality. Then in the chapter Sensing the Automobile, the emotional 3 and embodied relations between driver and vehicle as they together create mobile leisure are contemplated. Finally in Home and Away the paradoxical nature of tourism normally used to escape the everyday, is was found in this case that the mundane realities of home were replicated somewhere else. The third and final discussion examines the relationship between the VW campervan and its owner to propose that their embodied relationship induces a range of social intercourses unique to the Volkswagen brand.

archives@tulane.edu / 1 / April Goltz

A dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course-work degree of Masters of Recreation and Tourism in the Centre for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2007. / Increasingly, at the international as well as in South Africa, tourism is viewed as the largest industry in the world. It is believed that tourism offers enormous opportunities for the creation of growth, development and wealth to destinations and its local communities. Clearly South Africa certainly has many features which make it attractive to international tourists- game reserve, good weather, geography and even its political history. It is also clear that one of South Africa' most abundant resources are the people and their diverse cultures. It is only recent that people's cultures have begun to be appreciated and acknowledged for their true tourism potential. So cultural tourism is gradually gaining widespread acceptance as a true tourist attraction and also emerging as one of the most promising areas of economic development in South Africa. On the basis of this background, this study examines how cultural tourism can be seen as a development vehicle in Ulundi and how its local communities can benefit from it. The study further investigates the community's perceptions and expectations of cultural tourism in the area. In order to put the investigation in its proper perspective, the following objectives were formulated: • To investigate and identify community based cultural tourism activities in the study area that could promote tourism. • To reveal perceptions and expectations of Ulundi community towards cultural tourism. • To determine the level of understanding that Ulundi community has towards the meaning of cultural tourism. • To assess the extent to which cultural tourism benefits the community within the study area. • To examine the importance and value of conserving culture for future generations. • To establish the level of participation by Ulundi community in cultural tourism activities. These objectives were analysed on the basis of hypotheses, which were structured in such a way that they were equivalent or somewhat similar to the objectives. These hypotheses were intended to assist in asking questions and providing educated answers to the questions. The collection of data for this study was done through the use of the questionnaire, which had both open-ended and closed ended questions. It was therefore analysed through the use of computer programme, Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This programme was used to formulated frequency tables and graphs to reflect responses of the subjects interviewed. The main findings of the study revealed that there exists positive perception towards cultural tourism in the study area. The community also had a variety of expectations as cultural tourism has not brought any remarkable improvements in their area. It was again discovered that the community was aware of cultural tourism benefits. The only setback was that they have long been excluded from enjoying such benefits so they tend to be sceptical where there are no visible and tangible improvements. Although this community was aware of tourism benefits but they seemed to know very little about what is happening in the area, hence their minimal participation in local tourism and its activities. In order to address the raised concerns of the respondents, various recommendations were suggested. These included tourism awareness initiatives, easy access to finance by prospective entrepreneurs, community development programmes and adequate dissemination of cultural tourism information. It is without doubt that once the Ulundi community is constantly exposed and involved in tourism matters, they will begin to see and enjoy more benefits of this industry.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the department of Isizulu naMagugu at the University of Zululand, 2006. / Lolu cwaningo lucubungula isizinda nokuqambeka kwesiqiwu saseMkhuze nezindawo ezingaphakathi kuso. Isahluko sokuqala yisethulo socwaningo jikelele. Kuvezwa izinhloso nentshisekelo yocwaningo. Kubukwa nezindlela okuzoghutshwa ngazo ucwaningo kanye nomklamo walo. Kubukwe nemibono yongoti kanye nokuchazwa kwamagama. Isahluko sesibili siqukethe ibalazwe lesiqiwu saseMkhuze. Kucutshungulwe nomlando waso isiqiwu saseMkhuze. Kubukwe nokuthathwa kwezwe lenziwe iziqiwu. Kucutshungulwe nezindawo ezivikelwe ezisondelene nesiqiwu kanye nemingcele yaso. Kubukwe nenjula ngokulotshwe ngesihloko. Isahluko sesithathu kucutshungulwa incazelo nemvelaphi yokuqanjwa kwamagama esiqiwu uMkhuze. Kucutshungulwe nemibono yongoti abehlukene ngokuqanjwa kwamagama athinta izindawo, imifula, imigwaqo namachibi. Isahluko sesine sigxile kulokho okumumethwe yisiqiwu uMkhuze. Phakathi kwakho kukhona izilwane nolwazi lwazo, izinyoni, amachibi nokunye. Kubukwa nokuzibandakanya kwamakhosi oselwa nendawo yaseMkhuze. Iso elibanzi ligxile enjuleni yomuzi nomlando, izimfihlo kanye nomonakalo emzini wakwaJobe. Isahluko sesihlanu siphethe ukuhlaziywa kocwaningo jikelele. Lapha kubukisiswa ukulungiswa kwamagama aphazamiseka esiqiwini uMkhuze bese kwenziwa izincomo nesiphetho.

A dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfIlment of the requirements for the course-work degree of Masters of Recreation and Tourism in the Centre for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2007. / The study on assessment and prospects of Oribi Gorge as a tourist attraction was conducted against the background that, in spite of the fact that South Africa is blessed with accessible wildlife, varied and impressive scenery, unspoiled wilderness areas; she has not yet been able to realise her full tourism potential. South Africa's failure to realise her potential is evident in that tourism contribution to employment, small business development, income and foreign exchange, is limited. The subsequent result of this limited contribution is that some tourist destinations attract more tourists while other destinations attract few tourists. Despite the existence of the democratic government elected in 1994, tourism development in South Africa still focuses on urban areas and areas along coast. It is also shocking to note that the tourism industry is still dominated by the white population sector. The involvement of local indigenous communities in tourism related activities in the study area is almost non¬existent. The study therefore, had specific objectives which are the following: (a) To find out whether the local community is aware of the activities and facilities in Oribi Gorge. (b) To find out whether the facilities in the study area are well- equipped and whether they are adequately supplied. (c) To determine whether the level of utilisation and patronage of various resource facilities in the study area are of low or high order. (d) To investigate the different marketing strategies that are employed by the officials of Oribi Gorge and whether these strategies do reach the local community. (e) To ascertain the views of the tourists with regard to the planning and future development of the study area. A number of hypotheses directly related to the objectives of the study were postulated. The hypotheses were duly tested in an attempt to uncover the underlying causes of the identified discrepancies in the study area. The testing of the hypotheses was done through the analysis and interpretation of the data collected from the population sectors that are directly or indirectly affected by the study area. The findings from analyses and interpretation revealed the shortcomings regarding the equipment and the supply of facilities, and also that the levels of utilisation are low in the study area. The marketing strategies used for the destination were found to be targeting the elite groups of the society which subsequently resulted in the lack of awareness of tourism activities and non-participation in activities among the local community members. The proposed development plans of the officials were also found to be in disarray as the plans did not take into consideration the needs of the tourists. The study is concluded by putting forward the recommendations aimed at improving the conditions in the study area.

Thesis (M.A.)--Queen's University at Kingston, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1985.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.