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Standing and sidelying external rotation exercises produce high activation of the deltoid and infraspinatus. Holding a towel roll under the arm at 30° shoulder abduction during these exercises may decrease deltoid activity and increase infraspinatus activity. The objective was to determine if the addition of a towel under the arm during standing and sidelying external rotation affects EMG activity of the infraspinatus, middle and posterior deltoid, and pectoralis major, compared to the no towel condition. 20 male volunteers (age; 26 ± 3, height; 1.80 m ± .07 m, weight; 77 kg ± 10 kg) had right dominant hand, bilaterally healthy shoulders with no current cervical pathology, and no skin infection or lesion of the shoulder. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction for the infraspinatus, middle and posterior deltoid, and pectoralis major and external rotation in standing and sidelying with and without a towel roll were performed. Normalized average and peak EMG amplitude was compared between the towel conditions during standing and sidelying external rotation. Both infraspinatus and pectoralis major activity had no significant differences between the towel conditions in standing and sidelying (P > .05). In standing and sidelying, posterior deltoid activity was significantly greater with a towel roll (.008 ≤ P ≤ .035 and .008 ≤ P ≤ .018, respectively). Middle deltoid activity had no significant differences between the towel conditions in standing (P > .05). However, in sidelying, middle deltoid activity was significantly lower with a towel roll (.011 ≤ P ≤ .000). The only muscle activation change during standing external rotation with the application of a towel roll was an increase of the posterior deltoid. During sidelying external rotation, holding a towel roll decreased middle deltoid activity and increased posterior deltoid activity. Thus, this study indicates that holding a towel roll under the arm during standing external rotation exercise does not appear to produce desired effects on muscle activation. However, application of a towel roll under the arm could be recommended during sidelying external rotation exercise in order to possibly reduce the superior glide of the humerus, due to decrease muscle activation of the middle deltoid.

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Fusarium verticillioides è l’agente responsabile della Fusariosi della Spiga del mais, contamina la granella con fumonisine, micotossine responsabili di diverse patologie umane e animali. Per la resistenza alla fusariosi e all’accumulo di fumonisine esiste variabilità tra genotipi diversi ma non sono ancora disponibili ibridi immuni. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato quello di individuare marcatori associati alla resistenza a F. verticillioides. Mediante un bioassay è stato testato un association panel per la resistenza a F. verticillioides. Al fine di identificare i marcatori di resistenza sono stati applicati un approccio GWAS e uno per geni candidati. L’analisi GWAS è stata eseguita con 227K SNPs restituendo 206 marcatori significativi. Da un lavoro di RNASequencing sono stati individuati i geni coinvolti nella risposta a F. verticillioides mentre i geni R sono stati recuperati della letteratura scientifica. Genotipi resistenti (CO433 e CO441) e suscettibili (CO354 e CO389) sono stati scelti per individuare polimorfismi nei geni candidati da associare ai fenotipi rilevati mediante il bioassay. Quattro marcatori sono risultati significativi. Infine, la correlazione tra l’incidenza della fusariosi rilevata in campo e mediante bioassay è stata analizzata in una popolazione di 172 RIL derivanti da CO441 x CO354, tuttavia, non è stata individuata alcuna corrispondenza. / Fusarium verticillioides is the causal agent of Fusarium ear rot (FER) in maize and contaminates grains with fumonisin, a family of mycotoxins involved in several human and animal diseases. Quantitative genetic variation exists for resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination among genotypes, however, resistant maize hybrids are currently not available. The aim of this work was the identification of genetic markers associated to resistance against F. verticillioides. A bioassay was used to screen inbred lines of the maize association population for FER resistance, GWAS and candidate gene approaches were applied to identify markers. GWAS was performed using a 227K SNP matrix and resulting in 206 significant markers. Genes involved in F. verticillioides response in developing maize kernels were retrieved from a previous RNASequencing study while maize R genes were retrieved from scientific literature. Resistant (CO433 and CO441) and susceptible genotypes (CO389 and CO354) were selected to amplify and sequence candidate genes. Polymorphisms detected were used to find association with phenotypes scored using the bioassay. Four significant markers were found. Finally, the correlation between FER phenotypes scored in field experiments and bioassay phenotypes was investigated. A population of 172 RILs (CO441 x CO354), was tested. No correlation was found.

This thesis focuses on a group of towels from the textile design program Linnelinjen (''the Linen-line'') from 1955. Linnelinjen was a collaboration between the department store Nordiska Kompaniet and the textile manufacturer Almedahl-Dalsjöfors. The first collection, renowned as a modern version of the traditional stock of linen, was created by textile designers Astrid Sampe and Marianne Nilson. The thesis is divided into three main parts. Firstly, through archive studies, the towel collection of Linnelinjen 1955 is mapped and described. This basic research throws new light on Linnelinjen, by emphasizing less known products in the collection. Secondly, the towel design is analysed to reveal in what aspects it can be considered modern. Through this analysis, the modern traits of the towel design are found to be connected to the towels' transformation from anonymous household articles to unique design products. Finally, the symbolic function of the towels in the modern home and household is analysed. The line of argument in this last part is based on the concept of myth, as used in the design theory of Adrian Forty. It illustrates how the modern Linnelinjen towels, thanks to their specific field of application, may reconcile the vision of the home as a haven of rest with the conflicting reality of household work.

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