published_or_final_version / Botany / Master / Master of Philosophy

Urban soils are often contaminated with trace metals and the toxicity of the metals depends, in part, on their speciation in soil solutions. The objectives of this project were to estimate the metal speciation in urban soils and to evaluate the predictability of soil metal pools on plant uptake. The chemical speciation of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was estimated by using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM). In soil solutions, Cd, Ni and Zn were present mainly as free ions when the solutions were acidic and their organic complexes were dominant as the pH was over 7.5. The other two metals mostly formed complexes with organic ligands. The activities of Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn 2+ were affected by soil pH and total soil metal burdens. All five metals were under-saturated with respect to the minerals which could potentially control the metal solubility. / Metal uptake by plants in the contaminated railway yards was generally not correlated with free, dissolved and total soil metal pools. A pot experiment demonstrated better correlations between the metal pools and the metal content in wild chicory. Multiple regression analysis showed that the metals in the leaves and roots of wild chicory could be adequately predicted by the soil total metals and soil properties such as pH and exchangeable Ca.

Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 2000. / Title from title page screen, viewed May 4, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Frederick D. Drake (chair), Lawrence W. McBride, M. Paul Holsinger, L. Moody Simms. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-254) and abstract. Also available in print.

The Radio Access Network (RAN) plays a vital role in enabling mobile network connectivity using radio waves. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of RAN applications is crucial, and trace analysis provides valuable insights into their operations. Modern RAN applications can be deployed on different platforms and this can lead to the generation of different trace formats, which complicates the analysis process. Trace analysis and visualization tools, such as Trace Compass, can be used to ease the process, but for each new trace format the user often needs to create new code and visualizations. This is needed also when different trace formats generated by the same application contain similar information. To overcome this limitation, this thesis introduces an innovative approach to generalize the interpretation of traces, enabling to reuse existing analysis and visualization independently of the trace format. Moreover, a Domain Specific Language (DSL) is introduced to simplify the trace analysis procedure. The proposed thesis contributes to a generic approach for analyzing different trace formats, thereby facilitating the analysis of RAN applications deployed across diverse platforms. / Radio Access Network (RAN) spelar en viktig roll när det gäller att möjliggöra anslutning till mobilnät med hjälp av radiovågor. Att få en omfattande förståelse för RAN-applikationer är avgörande, och trace-analys ger värdefulla insikter i deras verksamhet. Moderna RAN-applikationer kan driftsättas på olika plattformar, vilket kan leda till att olika trace-format genereras, vilket komplicerar analysprocessen. Verktyg för trace-analys och visualisering, som Trace Compass, kan användas för att underlätta processen, men för varje nytt trace-format måste användaren ofta skapa ny kod och nya visualiseringar. Detta behövs även när olika traceformat som genereras av samma applikation innehåller liknande information. För att övervinna denna begränsning introducerar denna avhandling en innovativ metod för att generalisera tolkningen av trace-data, vilket gör det möjligt att återanvända befintlig analys och visualisering oberoende av traceformatet. Dessutom introduceras ett domänspecifikt språk (DSL) för att förenkla trace-analysförfarandet. Den föreslagna avhandlingen bidrar till en generisk metod för analys av olika trace-format, vilket underlättar analysen av RANapplikationer somanvänds på olika plattformar.

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Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Christopher Reinhardt / Crossbred bull calves at high risk for morbidity (n = 190; BW = 159 ± 68 kg) were received at a commercial stocker operation to evaluate the effects of meloxicam administered at the time of castration on performance and health through d 30 post-arrival. Calves were assigned randomly to receive either a whey-powder placebo (CON), 0.5 mg/kg BW meloxicam (LOW), or 1.0 mg/kg BW meloxicam (HIGH) administered orally. Calves were vaccinated, knife-castrated, and received experimental treatments on d 0. Meloxicam had no effect on ADG (P ≥ 0.63), morbidity (P = 0.66), or mortality (P = 0.62). A second study was conducted using crossbred calves from the southeastern US and Mexico (n = 472; BW = 227 ± 45 kg) to evaluate effects of an injectable trace-mineral solution administered at time of arrival at a commercial stocker operation on animal performance, health, and serum concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn on d 0 and d 45. Calves were assigned randomly to receive saline (CON; 1.0 mL/45 kg BW) or injectable trace mineral (ITM; 1.0 mL/45 kg BW) on d 0. Average daily gain from d 0 to d 42, overall ADG from d 0 to d 139, mortality, and morbidity were not different (P ≥ 0.31) between treatments. Calves originating from the Southeastern US had greater (P < 0.01) overall ADG from d 0 to 139. There were no source effects (P ≥ 0.21) on initial serum mineral concentrations for Mn or Zn; however, cattle originating in Mexico had lesser serum Cu (P < 0.01) and cattle originating in the Southeastern US tended to have lesser serum Se (P = 0.06). On d 45, there were no treatment differences (P ≥ 0.20) in serum concentrations of Cu, Mn, or Zn but cattle that received ITM tended (P = 0.09) to have elevated serum Se concentrations compared to those that received CON.

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1948 H38 / Master of Science

The ability of wheat bran and oat hulls to bind copper and zinc using a new chromatographic technique was investigated and compared to a centrifugation method. Also investigated was the bioavailability of copper which had been exogenously bound to wheat bran then fed to mice and rats. Wheat bran bound 6 mg Cu/g fiber when pH was raised to 7. Less binding occurred at lower pHs. Seven mg of zinc bound to wheat bran at pH 5 while only a trace bound at pH less than 2. Oat hulls bound 3 mg Cu/g fiber at pH 5, and less than 1 mg of zinc bound per g of oat hull at pH 6. Binding for both fibers depended on the level of mineral added to the fiber slurry during incubation. But only wheat bran binding capacity was influenced by pH. The two methods used did not compare favorably, in all cases, to the amount of mineral bound to fiber. Copper when bound to wheat bran, was utilized in both species, with differences occurring between species was noted. Rats fed the copper bound diet compared favorably with rats fed the copper-adequate diet as determined by body weight, weight gain, heart weight, liver copper concentration and heart copper concentration. Mice, on the other hand showed similar liver and heart concentrations of copper for mice fed either the copper-bound diet or the copper-adequate diets. The in vitro results showed that binding of copper or zinc to wheat bran occurred at a pH similar to the intestinal pH and wheat bran binds more copper and zinc than oat hulls. Oat hulls may prove to be a better dietary fiber source for those people who need to increase their dietary fiber, because oat hulls do not appear to bind copper or zinc and would not likely impair their absorption. Although wheat bran had a high binding capacity for copper, this binding did not significantly inhibit copper absorption as determined in animal studies suggesting that fiber-mineral binding (at least for copper bound to wheat bran) does not cause mineral deficiency symptoms as claimed by many researchers.