This study addresses the question of the constitution of markets in advanced societies.Specifically, the article studies the role of the traveling trade show in creatingthe real time computing market, which is part of the US electronics sector, duringthe mid-1990’s. Real time computing products assist the transfer, storage and processingof digital signals in real time and support many of the internet applicationswe use today.By applying ethnographic methods,we explore the general question ofhow economic actors cope with uncertainty in the phase of market-making and atthe cutting edge of technology. The paper makes two contributions to the existingliterature. First, it shows that the attempt to organize a trade show in real timecomputing was triggered by the uncertainty experienced by sellers regarding theidentity of prospective buyers and about the exact use to which they would put theemergent technology which is offered for sale. Secondly, we trace the history of anemergent market.We claim that trade shows for innovative products are importantvenues at which markets coalesce.The identification and ordering of market actors,the institutionalization of a distinct business culture and the social networks developedamong market actors and across the subsidiary markets provided the basicsocial infrastructure for what later became known as the real time computingindustry. / M2007-0244:1-PK / European Research Council ERC-2010- StG 263699-CEV / VR 2009–1958

This thesis is concerned with whether international law is capable of evolving to adequately address the adverse impact of international trade practices on the billions of people living in poverty in the world today. To this end, it explores international law’s capacity to integrate ethical obligations into international trade through the hypothetical construction of an ‘international obligation to trade fairly’. Obligations of fairness in international law are defined as necessitating the construction of an obligation to not restrict processes of democracy and distributive justice between individuals and the state. The application of this obligation on international trade is considered necessary in light of global economic interdependence, which has diminished the capacity of the state. An examination of the extent to which such a norm already exists is undertaken before considering the internal and external limitations to the universalization of such a norm. The central obstacles concerning the proposed obligation are identified as relating to the subject of the obligation and the normative force of the obligation. It is argued that due to the ideology and, inter-relatedly, the structure of international law, these obstacles cannot be readily overcome without radical reform.

Marketing is a process where companies are able to promote their product or service and create a demand for it. One of the instruments to perform a good promotion is an exhibition. Exhibitions go back hundreds of years ago, where they were markets of exchange for home made products. In today’s modern society, exhibitions are an effective marketing tool where people gather for a short period of time to present their products and services. Clients, competitors, visitors and all involved in the particular business visit the exhibition to get an update of the market.The research in this essay will concentrate on trade fair exhibitions, while consumer exhibitions are a slightly different topic. While exhibitions are an effective marketing tool they are also very expensive to participate at. Exhibitions organizers charge companies great sums of money to be part of an exhibition, where during the few days of the event more people visit a company’s booth than perhaps during a 6 month period. The amount of exhibitions has also increased due to bigger and new markets. Which exhibitions to participate at are where many companies have a dilemma.As this essay is a research paper, it is also a project for SKF Service Division Europe that I have the privilege to write. SKF is a global company that manufactures and offers bearings, seals, mechatronics, services and lubrication systems. SKF is represented in 140 countries and is divided in three divisions: Industrial, Automotive and Service. The magnitude of this company gives an idea of how challenging it is to decide which exhibition to participate at. An exhibition is an investment after all.Of all the marketing tools exhibitions are the ones that have the personal touch. Meeting with possible future clients in this way establishes a trust through the personal meeting. The fact is though that attendance numbers at exhibitions has decreased in the past few years. The research in this essay is to look at new trends surrounding exhibitions. What is the exhibition media moving towards? Is the marketing tool of trade fairs less popular due to for example other cheaper marketing? Another issue in the essay is concerning the developing market of exhibitions between big international fairs and small local fairs.The results of a trade fair can perhaps be more effective than all the other marketing tools combined. Another purpose to the essay is to find possible ways to do a fair follow-up on a trade fair. The research will hopefully give alternative suggestions that are useful to achieve a fair follow-up on a trade fair, and in that way justify the investment by showing what results it provided.The method used in this essay is of a qualitative type. Through interviews with people who are experts in the subject of exhibition media, the purpose of this essay will be accomplished. Assisting to that task are also SKF employees, especially my tutor Åsa Nordström, who has helped me with information needed to shine light on the essays problem. In addition to interviews, literature has been used to strengthen the empirical research and come to an analysis of the problem presented in the essay.In the discussion I am talking about future trends that could occur and how they can be predicted through situational analysis. A part of the discussion is devoted to the relationship between big and small exhibitions. Perhaps the most interesting part of the discussion, and the one of most importance to companies, is a follow-up and evaluation of a trade fair. I recommend using a model where ROI (Return On Investment) is a key number to examine the success of a trade fair, and in that way justify the investment made by a company. The essay in concluded with suggestions for future research to develop the knowledge on the topic that is trade fairs. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Nowdays the exhibition business and whole economics are attacked by the impacts of world-wide crisis. The organizers of exhibitions and trade fairs are afraid of massive decrease in exhibitors interest info taking part at these shows. Is it really important to realize that these shows offer a quality presentation of wide assortment and companies from current branch at one place and at the same time. This fact cause that exhibitions or trade fairs are often more effective than any grandiose marketing campaign.

More than a century has passed since Canada adopted the first antidumping law in 1904. Similar legislation in most of the major trading nations followed the Canadian legislation prior to and after the World War II. Antidumping provisions were later integrated into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) after the said war. Today, nearly all developed and developing countries have this type of legislation in place within their municipal legal framework. The subject of antidumping has received growing attention in international trade policy and has become a source of tension between trading nations. This is evident in the substantial increase of antidumping actions since the establishment of the WTO. Antidumping policy has emerged as a significant trade barrier because of its misuse by both developed and developing countries. The primary instruments governing antidumping actions are GATT Article VI and the Antidumping Agreement (ADA). The ADA contains both the substantive and procedural rules governing the interpretation and application of the instrument. Its purpose is to ensure that the instrument is used only as a contingency measure judged upon merit and not as a disguised protectionist device. Given the growing number of countries participating more actively in the world trading system and the notorious misuse of antidumping provisions, there is a vital need to critically analyse the key provisions of the said instruments. This study is an attempt at that academic enterprise. It concludes by giving proposals for future reform of both real and potential future reform of the current WTO antidumping regime. Dumping, antidumping, antidumping regulation, antidumping duties, like products, dumping margin, zeroing, facts available, protectionism, ADA.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-08-14T14:15:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Jamile Olveira de Sá.zip: 13412425 bytes, checksum: 7db6ce10b08107e94b113c6059ed8fc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-14T20:10:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Jamile Olveira de Sá.zip: 13412425 bytes, checksum: 7db6ce10b08107e94b113c6059ed8fc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-14T20:14:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Jamile Olveira de Sá.zip: 13412425 bytes, checksum: 7db6ce10b08107e94b113c6059ed8fc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-14T20:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Jamile Olveira de Sá.zip: 13412425 bytes, checksum: 7db6ce10b08107e94b113c6059ed8fc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / Não informada / A new phase in the Brazilian economy began in 1990 when the then President Collor de Melo opened national markets to imported products. Federal Government initiatives, such as the creation of Apex in 1997, which in 2003 was transformed into an agency for development, had the objective to increase Brazilian exports and promote an effort to search for an improvement in the quality of national products. Suframa, a Federal Authority linked to MDIC, in an effort to search for development in its area of activity, created the International Trade Fair of Amazonia project, as a way to increase the export of products produced in this area. The goal of this present work was to analyze whether the initiatives of Suframa to reduce asymmetric information and to support businesses involved in regional products were achieved by means of the International Trade Fair of Amazonia are bringing to the Amazonas State a comparable return with the resources which are being allocated to hold the event. Questionnaires answered by the companies producing regional products during their participation in the trade missions led by the Federal Authority were used as the basis of the research, as well as qualitative methods for the analysis, sincecertain variables could not be expressed in numbers. Annual reports of Amazonas State export data from 2002-2008 and information contained within the reports from the four versions of FIAM for comparing revenues and expenses were examined. The research was conducted as a bibliographic research, since reports, books, monographs, and websites were used. The dissertation is structured in six chapters. The research provided important results about the Suframa´s expenses and the contracts closed between the companies with regional products and the companies that demand these products during the trade negotiations. These results reinforce the importance that Suframa can have as a complementary agent in the structure of the value chain and also its capacity to become a development agency. / Uma nova fase da economia brasileira iniciou quando em 1990, o então Presidente Collor de Melo abriu o mercado nacional aos produtos importados. Iniciativas do Governo Federal, como a criação da Apex em 1997, a qual em 2003 transformou-se em uma agência de desenvolvimento, tinham o objetivo de aumentar as exportações brasileiras promovendo um esforço na busca pela melhoria da qualidade dos produtos nacionais. A Suframa, Autarquia Federal ligada ao Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, na esteira da busca pelo desenvolvimento em sua área de atuação, idealizou o projeto Feira Internacional da Amazônia, visando alavancar a exportação dos produtos produzidos nessa área. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de analisar se as iniciativas da Suframa para reduzir assimetrias de informação e apoiar negócios que envolvem produtos regionais por meio da realização da Feira Internacional da Amazônia, vêm trazendo para o Estado do Amazonas retorno compatível com os gastos que estão sendo alocados no referido evento. Foram utilizados como base da pesquisa, os questionários respondidos pelas empresas de produtos regionais quando de suas participações nas missões precursoras da Autarquia, tendo sido feita sua análise pelo método qualitativo, visto que certas variáveis não puderam ser expressas em números. Foram utilizadas ainda as séries de exportação do Estado do Amazonas dos anos 2002-2008 e as informações contidas nos relatórios de realização das quatro versões da FIAM para levantamento de despesas e receitas. A pesquisa realizada enquadrou-se como pesquisa bibliográfica, visto que foram utilizados relatórios, livros, monografias e sites. A dissertação está estruturada em seis capítulos. A pesquisa propiciou resultados importantes com relação aos custos da Autarquia dispendidos no evento e à receita dos contratos fechados entre as empresas de produtos regionais e as empresas demandantes desses produtos durante a realização da rodada de negócios. Os resultados visam reforçar o papel que a Suframa pode ter como agente complementadora na estrutura da Rede de Valores mostrando que ela também possui mecanismos capazes de torná-la uma importante agência de desenvolvimento.

This Master thesis is entitled to Design Markets/Weeks as a new phenomenon of exhibiting and selling design works. It focuses on a market research due to increase of these events in recent years. The aim of the thesis is whether there is a possibility of entry of another design fair to the area of Prague with regard to current competition, availability of exhibition premises, number of exhibitors and visitors. The theoretical part describes concepts of design, design week and phenomenon, as well as the support of design in the Czech Republic, the possibility of exhibiting and selling design works and conditions for hosting a design week in the Czech Republic. In the practical part observed subjects are presented and based on the data obtained from the organizers and from other available sources the market analysis for period 2011-2016 is presented.

This thesis is concerned with both positive and negative economic aspects of Fair Trade and addresses the influence of Fair Trade production of cocoa in Ghana on its economic development. The objective is to find out, if Fair Trade is the propriate tool to eradicate poverty in this country.

This thesis is aimed at Faculty of Management innovation process of presentation methods at the European Education and Lifelong Learning Exhibition Gaudeamus 2010. The theoretical part explains the sensory and social perception of advertising and the role of trade fairs in marketing communication. The practical part deals with the current presentation system of Faculty of Management at the European Education and Lifelong Learning Exhibition Gaudeamus 2010 and suggests a new innovation concept in order to increase efficiency of institute presentation.

Thesis is separeted into two parts - theoretical and practical. Principal goals of a small publishing company business plan is to offer general overview of the company market position and to specify the market position of it's magazines. For this purpose was used SWOT, SLEPT and Porters five forces analysis and BCG matrix. Plan includes also business intents for firm's future expansion. The idea organising wine trade fairs seams profitable and could be another company's activity.