Contemporary resource use on Indigenous lands is not often well understood by the general public. In particular, there is a perception that traditional and commercial resource use are mutually exclusive, and therefore there is often an assumption that Indigenous communities are abandoning their traditional economy when they participate in the commercial sector of the larger regional economy. This perceived tension between traditional and commercial resource use is caused in part by a limited understanding of the participation of Indigenous peoples in commercial industries historically and the subsequent process of the commercialization of some aspects of Indigenous peoples pre-contact economies. This dissertation examines the seasonal cycle of activities and the patterns of consumption and production of the Indigenous peoples who participated in the fur trade at Ile a la Crosse in northwestern Saskatchewan and the whaling industry at the Otakou shore station in southern New Zealand. A systematic analysis of the daily journals and accounting records kept by company employees in these two regions demonstrate that participation in these industries allowed the Indigenous economies to be transformed from pre-contact times. While this participation did not completely subsume the Indigenous economies, the changes that were made created a need for the Indigenous people to continue accessing the European-style goods that had been incorporated into their livelihoods, a need that was exacerbated as local resources declined as a result of over-use. Thus, there is a need to re-conceptualize what is generally thought of as the traditional economy. The traditional economy in contemporary Indigenous communities is often perceived as an Indigenous approach to resource use that has changed little, except perhaps in the technology used, from pre-contact times. This dissertation, however, clearly demonstrates that participation in commercial industries historically encouraged the adaptation of Indigenous economies in response to changing opportunities and circumstances. It becomes clear then that the so-called traditional economy of today, is an Indigenous economy that has already been shaped and influenced by participation in historical commercial economies. Understanding the adaptability of Indigenous economies has important implications for economic development initiatives in Indigenous communities today. / Comparative Indigenous Economic History

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-08-23T13:57:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Siqueira Fiorin_.pdf: 1579190 bytes, checksum: 9a2144cb9c520049ffeb5cdb44d3fbf0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T13:57:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Siqueira Fiorin_.pdf: 1579190 bytes, checksum: 9a2144cb9c520049ffeb5cdb44d3fbf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Nenhuma / A evolução das redes de comunicação e infraestruturas comerciais alterou a dinâmica dos mercados, inserindo as organizações em um contexto de interação intensa. Países emergentes com taxas de crescimento positiva tem centrado sua estratégia de desenvolvimento no empreendedorismo aliado à inovação e a difusão tecnológica. Neste contexto, considerando a conjuntura industrial do Rio Grande do Sul, este estudo se propôs a analisar os fatores que conduziram empresa gaúcha inserida na economia tradicional a investir na criação de um novo negócio de base tecnológica, uma spin-off corporativa. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, a partir de framework de análise estruturado pela literatura revisada, do qual derivaram os fatores de análise: Caracterização (empresa-mãe e spin-off) e Fatores Relevantes à Decisão e ao Processo de Spin-off (contexto externo, interno e motivadores). Os resultados encontrados demonstram que a criação da spin-off se mostra como alternativa de exploração de ativos estagnados na empresa-mãe frente à oportunidade mercadológica. Ainda, se atribui à spin-off expectativa de ganhos futuros à empresa-mãe, com risco minimizado, ao preservar a imagem em caso de insucesso. Os resultados apontam que a decisão de externalizar o novo negócio e integrá-lo a um ambiente de tecnologia e inovação diverso da empresa-mãe guardam relação com estratégia para atenuar barreiras de entrada no mercado onde a empresa-mãe é reconhecida por outra natureza tecnológica. Considerando o contexto externo os resultados evidenciam que, embora a influência exercida na decisão seja restrita, fatores como políticas-públicas permeiam e impactam o processo desde a caracterização da empresa-mãe até a criação da spin-off. / The evolution of commercial communication and infrastructure has changed the dynamics of the markets by introducing organizations in an intense interaction process. Emerging countries, with positive growth rates, have been focusing their development strategy on innovation entrepreneurship and technology diffusion. In the context of the local industry in Rio Grande do Sul, this study has analyzed the factors that led the industry (once inserted in the traditional economy of the State) to invest in creating a new tech based business, called a corporate spin-off. An analysis framework was developed based on the literature reviewed, and derived the following factor analysis: Characterization (parent company and spin-off); and, Relevant Factors of Spin-off Decision and Process (external and internal environment, and motivators). The framework was applied to a case study and the results show that the creation of the spin-off is an alternative to explore stagnated resources in the parent company upon a market opportunity. While the parent company expects future earnings from the spin-off, the spin-off offers minimized risk and preserves the parent company’s image in event of failure. The results indicate that separating the new business and integrating it into a technology and innovation environment different from the parent company is a strategy to mitigate the market barriers that would be encountered by the parent company, which is recognized by another technological nature. Within the external context, the results show that while factors such as public-policies have limited impact on decision making, they impact on the process from the characterization of the parent company to the creation of spin-off.