Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-01T18:47:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WALÉRIO MAGALHÃES BANDEIRA.pdf: 638499 bytes, checksum: 076850cede05ad0d47d19d649279c29f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T18:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WALÉRIO MAGALHÃES BANDEIRA.pdf: 638499 bytes, checksum: 076850cede05ad0d47d19d649279c29f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-09 / Started in England in the second half of the eighteenth century , the Industrial Revolution gave rise to a radical change in society , giving rise gradually worldwide relations of mass, with the production and distribution of goods and services on a large scale , affecting the lives hundreds , thousands or millions of people, sometimes by a single act or legal fact , highlighting transindividual or collective and hence giving rise to the "second great wave of law" rights , which is the protection of collective rights ( the first wave focused on providing access from " poor " to justice through legal aid ) . This work follows the movement of the " third great wave " , which aims to identify the pitfalls for the effectiveness of collective process , and to achieve this objective should be analyzed: a) proper access to justice , with the delivery of the good life by correct representation of the trust b ) the essential exercise a more active role of the judge and humanized c ) the extension of the concept of res judicata ed ) on the effective coercive means for the proper fulfillment of obligations . To achieve this aim , we build on the innovations brought about by the "Preliminary Draft Model Code of Collective Processes for Ibero - America," written by Brazilian Scholars , in a comparative study with the national legal system , for, through a critical approach delineate problems in national legal system , finally finding answers that solve . / Iniciada na Inglaterra, na segunda metade do século XVIII, a Revolução Industrial deu ensejo a uma mudança radical na sociedade, fazendo surgir gradativamente em todo mundo as chamadas relações de massa, com o advento da produção e circulação de bens e serviços em larga escala, o que afetou, direta ou indiretamente, a vida de centenas, milhares ou até milhões de pessoas, por vezes em razão de um único ato ou fato jurídico, pondo em evidência a necessidade da tutela dos chamados direitos transindividuais ou coletivos “lato sensu”, o que fez surgir o movimento jurídico conhecido como a “segunda grande onda do direito”: a da tutela dos direitos coletivos (a primeira onda tratou do acesso pelos “pobres” à justiça por meio da assistência judiciária). O presente trabalho segue o movimento da “terceira grande onda”, que visa identificar os escolhos para a efetividade do processo coletivo e, para alcançar tal desiderato, serão analisados os seguintes pontos: a) o devido acesso à justiça, com a entrega do bem da vida pela correta representação dos tutelados; b) a imprescindibilidade de um novo papel, mais ativo e humanizado, do juiz; c) o alargamento da noção de coisa julgada e d) dos meios coercitivos eficientes para o devido cumprimento das obrigações, a fim de se realizar a entrega da tutela jurisdicional. Para alcançar tal desiderato, toma-se como base as inovações trazidas no “Anteprojeto do Código Modelo de Processos Coletivos para a Ibero-América”, inovador trabalho elaborado por doutrinadores de escol dos países interessados, sob direção de eminentes doutrinadores brasileiros. O presente trabalho trata, assim, de um estudo comparado do homenageado anteprojeto com o ordenamento jurídico pátrio, objetivando, por meio de uma abordagem crítica, delinear os problemas existentes no atual sistema jurídico brasileiro, a fim encontrar respostas ou rotas que os solucionem.

This thesis aims to generate a model to answer why there is a notable gap in legislative action with regards to expanding and modernizing LGBTQIA+ rights between Sweden and Denmark and the other Nordic countries, groups described by Jens Rydström as the Progressive Core and Conservative Periphery respectively. In order to do so, there is an analysis of the applicability of Rydström’s model to legislative history. This legal review is then applied to the shared colonial experiences of Norway, Iceland, Finland, and the Faroe Islands to generate the beginnings of an explanatory model. The model is then complexified by using the shared colonialist past as an exemplar of lost state capacity before and after independence. This model of lost state capacity is then applied not only to the above gap, but also to the even larger legislative gap between action in the above groups and in a new category consisting of Finland and the Faroe Islands. The last step is an in-depth application of this model to the Finnish case in comparison to the Progressive Core and the Conservative Periphery. This is accomplished in two ways: first through a content analysis of party platforms from five separate eras of Finnish, Swedish, and Norwegian politics, and, secondly, through a qualitative analysis of the legislative action data.

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Since mid-1990s a transnational, global anti-gender movement has sought to undermine women’s and LGBT-people’s rights around the world, and at present, trans people are regarded as the movement’s prime targets. Taking a constructivist approach, this bachelor thesis examines through discourse analysis the opposition to a law on trans rights in the Finnish Parliament, voted on at the beginning of the year 2023. In doing this, the bachelor thesis adds to the literature on norm contestation in International Relations, especially when it comes to LGBT-rights, while contributing to the still limited research on the anti-gender movement in the Northern European countries. Recognizing norm spoiling attempts in the opposition to trans rights, the thesis argues this opposition in Finland can be understood as part of the global anti-gender movement.