Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T13:58:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Flávio Geraldo Coelho Rocha - 2016.pdf: 4809831 bytes, checksum: e575d503488bc0e0cb8f1a1b3478d982 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T16:59:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Flávio Geraldo Coelho Rocha - 2016.pdf: 4809831 bytes, checksum: e575d503488bc0e0cb8f1a1b3478d982 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T16:59:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Flávio Geraldo Coelho Rocha - 2016.pdf: 4809831 bytes, checksum: e575d503488bc0e0cb8f1a1b3478d982 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / In this work, in order to describe network traffic characteristics, such as long-range dependence among samples, self-similarity and multiscale behavior, we propose a Multifractal Adaptive Model based on a multiscale cascade in the Wavelet Domain. We compare the proposed model performance with those of other models presented in the literature. It is also proposed an envelope process for the network traffic that takes into account parameters of the Multifractal Adaptive Model. Furthermore, we derive an equation in order to estimate the buffer overflow probability for both a simplified communication system with a single server, single queue and finite buffer, and to a wireless network multiuser scenario based on OFDM technology. To this end, we consider the service curve of the round-robin scheduling algorithm of the OFDM network. Taking into account the envelope process and the service curve we obtain, through the Network Calculus theory, the maximum delay experienced by users of the OFDM network. Moreover, assuming a similar network scenario to an LTE network, we propose a joint channel-aware and queue-aware resource scheduling algorithm. Based on the presented scheduler, we propose a minimum service curve for the LTE user and through this we propose an approach to accomplish maximum delay guarantee. / Neste trabalho, com o objetivo de descrever características do tráfego de redes, tais como longa-dependência entre amostras, autossimilaridade e comportamento multiescala, propõe-se um Modelo Multifractal Adaptativo baseado em uma cascata multiescala no domínio Wavelet. O desempenho do modelo proposto é comparado a outros modelos presentes na literatura. Também é proposto um processo envelope para o tráfego de redes que leva em consideração parâmetros do Modelo Multifractal Adaptativo proposto. Além disso, deduz-se uma equação para o cálculo da probabilidade de transbordo do buffer, tanto para um sistema de comunicação simplificado com servidor único, fila única e buffer finito, quanto para um ambiente multiusuário de rede sem fio baseado na tecnologia OFDM. Para tanto, utiliza-se a curva de serviço do escalonador round-robin da rede OFDM. Utilizando-se do processo envelope e da curva de serviço, obtém-se por meio do Cálculo de Rede a estimativa para o retardo máximo experimentado pelos usuários da rede OFDM. Em seguida, assume-se um ambiente de rede similar ao de uma rede LTE e propõe-se para essa rede um escalonador de recursos sensível às condições do canal de comunicação e à probabilidade de transbordo do buffer. Com base no escalonador apresentado, propõe-se uma curva de serviço mínima para o usuário da rede LTE e por meio dessa, propõe-se uma abordagem para garantia de retardo.

La realidad peruana refleja una falta de integración de los sistemas de transporte. Asimismo, se evidencia bajos estándares de calidad con relación a las infraestructuras urbanas y una inseguridad hacia el peatón en la ciudad de Lima, un ejemplo de lo mencionado ocurre en la intersección de la Avenida Javier Prado con Aviación. Mediante el software Vissim-Visswalk 9 se realiza una microsimulación que refleja las trayectorias, frecuencias y composiciones vehiculares y peatonales, la cual se calibra y valida respectivamente. La metodología propuesta describe una delimitación de la intersección mencionada, luego se realiza la clasificación de usuarios de transportes públicos y tipos de vehículos para proceder al levantamiento de información dinámica en cuanto al aforo de vehículos y peatones y posteriormente registrarlas en el Vissim-Viswalk 9. De manera cualitativa, la seguridad vial se evalúa mediante la utilización de listas de chequeo las cuales reflejan claramente una inseguridad y alta vulnerabilidad hacia la integridad del peatón evidenciado en los 13 ítems analizados. La propuesta de solución consiste en el diseño de un conector peatonal de 320 metros, el cual cumple con los reglamentos requeridos ya que tiene un ancho efectivo constante de 1.6 metros y una pendiente máxima de 5% y 10% en el conector y en la rampa, respectivamente. Los resultados demuestran que la propuesta permite una reducción del tiempo de transbordo en un 17.1% y un aumento en la velocidad promedio de 26.1%, asimismo se evidencia un aumento significativo de la seguridad vial hacia los peatones. / Peruvian reality reflects a lack of integration of transport systems. In addition, low quality standards are evident in relation to urban infrastructures and a pedestrian insecurity in the city of Lima, an example of what is mentioned at the intersection of Avenida Javier Prado with Aviacion. The Vissim-Visswalk 9 software performs a microsimulation that reflects the trajectories, frequencies and vehicular and pedestrian compositions, which is calibrated and validated respectively. The proposed methodology describes a delimitation of the mentioned intersection, then the classification of public transport users and vehicle types is carried out to carry out dynamic information regarding the capacity of vehicles and pedestrians and subsequently register them in Vissim-Viswalk 9. Qualitatively, road safety is evaluated by using checklists which clearly reflect insecurity and high vulnerability to pedestrian integrity evident in the 13 items analyzed. The solution proposal consists of the design of a pedestrian connector of 320 meters, which complies with the required regulations since it has a constant effective width of 1.6 meters and a maximum slope of 5% and 10% on the connector and on the ramp, respectively. The results show that the proposal allows for a reduction in transfer time by 17.1% and an increase in average speed of 26.1%, and there is also a significant increase in road safety towards pedestrians. / Tesis

El objetivo de cada ciudad, en lo referente a la movilidad y transporte, es lograr un SIT (Sistema Integrado de Transporte). Actualmente, la ciudad de Lima se encuentra en una etapa de desarrollo con el objetivo de integrar diferentes medios de transporte tales como líneas de metro, metropolitano y corredores. Sin embargo, estos aún no logran funcionar como un solo sistema, por el contrario, cada uno funciona de manera independiente ya sea en sus tarifas y medios de pago, infraestructura y localización de paraderos. Esta situación conlleva a que los usuarios del transporte público, que requieren realizar transbordos, creen sus propias interconexiones como alternativa de optimización del tiempo promedio de recorrido para suplir las necesidades que aún no puede satisfacer el actual SIT. De esta manera, muchas personas crean patrones de transbordo que ponen en riesgo su seguridad pero que mediante un rediseño de los paraderos con enfoque intercambiador pueden impulsar a que los transbordos se realicen de manera eficiente. En el presente trabajo se analizará la intersección de las Avenidas Brasil y Bolívar, ubicada en una zona comercial, mediante la simulación del modelo actual, calibrado y validado. Posteriormente, se propone una redistribución de espacios designados para paraderos y peatonales, además de una gestión de facilidades de intercambio, que reduzca el tiempo de realización de transbordos en un 15%. / The objective of every city, with respect to mobility and transport, is to achieve an Integrated Transport System. Nowadays, the city of Lima is in a stage of development with the objective of integrate different means of transport such as metro lines, bus-metro and fast lane buses. However, these means cannot work as an only whole system, on the contrary, each of them works in an independent way regarding to their payment rates, infrastructure and locations of bus stops. This situation motivates the users of public transport to create their own interconnections as an alternative to reduce the average time of travel to supply the needs that haven't been satisfied by the actual Integrated Transport System. In this way, many users create patterns of pedestrian transfer that risk their security. Nevertheless, through a redesign of the bus stops with an intermodal view the vehicle transfer process can be improved to be practiced in a more efficient way. This thesis will analyze the intersection of Brazil and Bolivar Avenues, located in a commercial area, by simulating the current model, being calibrated and validated. Subsequently, it proposes a redistribution of designated spaces for whereabouts and pedestrians, in addition to a management of exchange facilities, which reduces the time of pedestrian transfer by 15%. / Tesis