Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Marburg, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [145]-156).

El estudio rediseña el sistema de transferencias intergubernamentales peruano a nivel municipalincorporando criterios de equidad horizontal y de compensación transversales en la distribuciónde recursos. Para dicho fin se empleó la metodología propuesta por Ahmad, Singh y Fortuna(2004), la cual plantea una fórmula para la nivelación de las transferencias a partir del cálculo delas capacidades tributarias y de las necesidades de gasto municipales. Los resultados del estudioson 5: (i) las municipalidades localizadas en regiones mineras reciben más recursos que los quedebieran recibir acorde a sus capacidades fiscales y sus necesidades de gasto; (ii) los recursos quelas municipalidades ubicadas en regiones mineras recibieron en exceso, ascendieron en el año2006 a S/. 1.364,3 millones (US$ 455 millones), monto que representa un exceso de 67,5%; (iii)cuando se implementa una reforma integral del sistema de transferencias intergubernamentales,la totalidad de recursos que las municipalidades de regiones mineras reciben en exceso, son absorbidaspor los municipios de regiones no mineras; (iv) la dispersión de la distribución interregionalde recursos municipales se reduce progresivamente en cada una de las tres etapas de la reformapropuesta; (v) para reformar el sistema de transferencias peruano no se requieren recursos adicionales,únicamente voluntad política. El documento concluye estableciendo cuatro lineamientospara la adopción de una reforma del sistema de transferencias intergubernamentales peruano. -- In this study the Peruvian intergovernmental transfer system was re-designed taking into considerationboth horizontal equity and transverse compensation in the distribution of resources.In doing so, the Ahmad, Singh and Fortuna (2004)’s methodology was used, the same whichproposes a formula to equalize intergovernmental transfers by calculating fiscal capacities andspending requirements at the municipal level. The results of the study are 5: (i) the municipalitieslocated at mining regions receive more resources than they should receive according to their fiscal capacities and spending needs; (ii) the municipalities located at mining regions receivedS/. 1.364,3 millions (US$ 455 millions) in excess, which represents a surplus of 67,5%; (iii)when a entire reform of the transfer system is implemented, the whole of the resources thatmunicipalities placed at mining regions receive in excess are redistributed between non-miningmunicipalities; (iv) the variance of the resources inter-regional distribution declines gradually ineach of the 3 stages of the proposed reform; (v) additional resources are not necessary to equalizethe intergovernmental transfer system, only political will is needed. At the end, the study establishes4 guidelines to implement a reform of the Peruvian intergovernmental transfer system.

We investigate how lump-sum equalization transfers affect expenditures and taxes in the municipalities of the largest German state North Rhine-Westphalia. In general, those general-purpose transfers cannot be treated as exogenous variables. Thus, for the identification of causal effects, two exogenous adjustments in the transfer allocation formula are used as instrumental variables. Findings suggest the existence of the “flypaper effect” – municipalities use transfers to increase expenditures but do not reduce tax rates. Extra money from transfers is mainly used to finance social expenditures and public facilities. A set of robustness checks, including a spatial dependence model, confirm the results.

Em escolas internacionais de São Paulo, currículos e metodologias de ensino internacionais e transnacionais são utilizadas. Em Matemática, estas escolas ensinam, por exemplo, um algoritmo para divisão que não é normalmente utilizados no sistema educacional brasileiro. Como a maioria dos alunos destas escolas são brasileiros, isto é caracterizado como educational borrowing. No entanto, ao estudar alguns destes elementos não tradicionais na cultura escolar brasileira, percebemos que suas origens não são facilmente identificáveis. Com a intensificação da globalização nas últimas décadas, influências estrangeiras têm se tornado mais complexas. No caso de alguns métodos, em face das dificuldades em estabelecer o país emprestador, se faz necessário complementar as teorias da Educação Comparada para que pesquisadores possam utilizar tais subsídios teóricos e entender o fenômeno com coerência. Complementos que são obtidos à luz da Antropologia, especificamente através da teoria de antropólogos como Michel de Certeau, que nos ajuda a melhor compreender a maneira com que os alunos individualizam estes produtos da educação internacional. A seguir, de volta ao domínio da Educação Comparada, os modelos típicos ideais de Brian Holmes podem auxiliar na decisão sobre o que pode ser copiado de um sistema educacional e as prováveis consequências destas ações. Ao fim da pesquisa, conclui-se que de fato os consumidores da educação internacional aqui mencionada nem sempre tomam posse deste produto conforme o anunciado pelos seus produtores. / At international schools in São Paulo, international and transnational curricula and methodology are utilized. In mathematics, these schools teach, for instance, an algorithm for division that is not normally adopted in the Brazilian educational system. Since the majority of the students of these schools are Brazilian, this is identified as educational borrowing. However, as we study some of these non-traditional elements in the Brazilian School Culture, we realize that their origins are not easily determined. With the intensification of the globalization during the last decades, foreigner influences have become more complex. It is hard to determine the lender country in the case of some methods and because of these difficulties it is necessary to complement the theories of Compared Education so that the researchers can make use of such theoretical resources and understand the phenomenon with coherence. Such complements are obtained in the light of the anthropology, specifically through the theory of anthropologists such as Michel de Certeau, who help us to better understand the way students individualize these products of the international education. Then, going back to the grounds of Compared Education, the ideal typical models of Brian Holmes can give us aid to decide what can and what can not be copied from other educational systems and the possible consequences of such actions. At the end of this research, it is concluded that in fact the consumers of the international education mentioned here not always take poss of it according to what is announced by its producers.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-08-18T13:00:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Carlos Porto Júnior.pdf: 824149 bytes, checksum: 4889dae4fcde09137394d1679111c537 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-18T19:04:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Carlos Porto Júnior.pdf: 824149 bytes, checksum: 4889dae4fcde09137394d1679111c537 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-18T19:08:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Carlos Porto Júnior.pdf: 824149 bytes, checksum: 4889dae4fcde09137394d1679111c537 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-18T19:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Carlos Porto Júnior.pdf: 824149 bytes, checksum: 4889dae4fcde09137394d1679111c537 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation, considering as a case study the municipalities of Amazonas, aim to analyze: firstly, the existing relationship between the constitutional fiscal transfers of the federal government to the municipalities (classified as redistributive) and the principal revenue of those municipalities. And then, find the importance of this revenue on their Gross Domestic Product. The results show that the municipalities depend strongly on the intergovernmental transfers. There is no doubt on the importance of intergovernmental transfer systems in a country like Brazil that has federalism as a form of government. The system of intergovernmental fiscal transfers is an important instrument for reducing the interregional inequalities and also an important factor for minimizing the existing conflicts in the federation. / Esta dissertação, considerando como estudo de caso os municípios amazonenses, teve como objetivos analisar, primeiramente, a relação existente entre as transferências constitucionais intergovernamentais da União para os municípios, classificadas como redistributivas, e as principais receitas daqueles municípios. Depois, saber qual a participação das receitas no Produto Interno Bruto dos municípios. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que os municípios dependem fortemente das transferências intergovernamentais. Não há dúvida sobre a importância de um sistema de transferências intergovernamentais dentro de um sistema federativo de governo, como o do Estado brasileiro. Este mecanismo se constitui, efetivamente, em um importante instrumento para a redução das desigualdades inter-regionais e um fator relevante para minimizar os conflitos existentes na federação.

No description available.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In-patient deterioration is a global phenomena and timely recognition and action improves outcome. Intensive care facilities are scarce and expensive and therefore patient care must be optimal. A retrospective health record analysis was used for this study. The findings indicated that nursing personnel do not recognize patient deterioration timeuously. However, the implementation of an outreach team and clinical markers training program improved the recognition of patient deterioration in general wards with three hours and 40 minutes. It is recommended to implement a comprehensive hospital program that addresses the basic knowledge and skills of general ward personnel to observe, recognize, assess and intervene to patients with clinical deterioration. Together with an extensive training program, a basic physiological parameters guideline to activate a team of experts to the bedside, such as an Outreach team, assist nursing personnel to recognize and manage those patients timeuously and ensure treatment in an appropriate level of care. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health studies)

A number of attempts have been made to facilitate agricultural trade liberalisation over the last decades. In spite of these efforts, trade liberalisation of agricultural and food processed goods has been modest. It is argued that this lack of trade liberalisation is explained by the existence of governments that are politically biased in the sense that they place anti-trade policies in order to favour powerful sectors in the economy. While there exists some evidence supporting this argument, it is difficult to assess how these biases influence agricultural trade patterns because existing quantitative modelling approaches do not normally consider simultaneously key aspects that characterise the food industry such as intra-industry trade and the existence of intermediaries in the supply chain with significant market power, among others. The objective of this thesis is to offer an alternative theoretical model that has the potential to accommodate these key aspects and corresponds to an international trade network model that extends the framework developed by Goyal and Joshi (2006). The model was solved by means of simulations and the results revealed that policy biased indeed can prevent trade liberalisation of agricultural and food processed goods. However, other factors that apparently have not been reported so far and that are related to the market power exercised by intermediaries were identified. They correspond to the position of a country in the trade network (i.e. a country occupying a central position in the network is less likely to support trade liberalisation independently of any policy bias), the possibility that global free trade is an unlikely outcome, and the possibility that the world is trapped in an inefficient international trade network. The results also revealed that the adoption of compensatory lump sum payments across countries (i.e. inter-node transfers) or across sectors within a country (i.e. intra-node transfers) could be used a potential tools to achieve global free trade in agriculture as they can compensate losers from trade by gainers achieving, as a consequence, Pareto improving outcomes.

by Chan Wing-Fung. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Incldues bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Internet banking --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- INTERNET BANKING: AN OVERVIEW --- p.4 / Banking Evolution --- p.4 / The Emergence of Internet Banking --- p.7 / Find/SVP Survey on Internet Banking --- p.9 / General Performance Attributes of Internet --- p.11 / Internet as a new delivery channel --- p.13 / Product --- p.13 / Price --- p.14 / Brand --- p.15 / Customer Service --- p.15 / Categories of Internet banking --- p.17 / Net presence --- p.17 / Interactive Sites --- p.18 / PC Home Banking --- p.19 / Full Internet Banking --- p.20 / The opportunity and the threat --- p.21 / Internet Banking in U.S --- p.23 / Internet Banking in Hong Kong --- p.28 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.32 / Books --- p.32 / Magazines --- p.33 / Reports and Papers --- p.36 / Journals --- p.38 / Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.41 / Objective --- p.41 / Methodology --- p.42 / Questionnaire --- p.43 / Chapter V. --- RESULTS --- p.47 / Demographic information --- p.47 / PC and Internet usage --- p.49 / Banking behaviour --- p.49 / Attitude towards new services --- p.50 / Attitude towards Internet banking --- p.54 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.60 / Appendix / Chapter 1. --- QUESTIONNAIRE --- p.63 / Chapter 2. --- CODING FORMAT --- p.68 / Chapter 3. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.71 / Books --- p.71 / Magazines --- p.71 / Reports and Papers --- p.72 / Journals --- p.72 / Web sites --- p.73 / Chapter 4. --- LOCAL BANKS HOMEPAGES --- p.74