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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Métodos de identificação do limiar de transição fisiológica em protocolo progressivo intermitente com pausa / Identification methods of physiological transition thresholds from intermittent progressive protocols with pause

Piasecki, Fernanda 23 February 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda Piasecki.pdf: 433936 bytes, checksum: 8132a46e6f2621f5174072c072dacb6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this work was to study identification methods of physiological transition thresholds from intermittent progressive protocols with pause. In addition, compare the values of speed, heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration ([La]) between different methods used. The participants were 10 male football players, with mean age of 19,99 ± 1,75 years. Firstly, the athletes were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, skin folds) followed by an intermittent progressive protocol with pause (IPP) performed in outdoors, to identify the heart rate deflection point (HRDP), second lactate threshold (LT2) and 3,5mmol.l1 fixed concentration threshold (LT3,5). The IPP started at a velocity of 9km/h with increments of 1,2km/h at each stage. The stages were composed by 10 shuttle-runs, starting at 15m and increasing 2m at each stage. Each shuttle run had an interval of 6 seconds and the stages, which were collected blood samples, had a 45-second break. This protocol was a modification proposed by Carminatti et al (2004). The HR was monitored during all the tests by a Polar frequency meter (S610i), and registered at the end of each stage. At this moment, it was collected a blood sample (25ml) from the ear to analyze the [La] in a Yellow Springs® analyzer (model 1500). In a second moment, the participants performed a high intensity exercise to induce lactic acidosis (BAKER et al, 1993) and after an 8-minute break, the subjects performed an IPP as described above. Again, the values of HR and [La] were measured at the end of the stage. By this test it was identified a lactate minimum threshold (LM) (TEGTBUR et al., 1993). The data were statistically analyzed using analyses of variance followed by Scheffé test and Pearson correlation, accepting statistical significance at p<0,05. The results show a strongly evidence in the possibility of identification of physiological transition threshold in IPP, based on HRPD, LT2, LT3,5 and LM methods. Moreover, no significant difference between speed and HR were found in the different methods used. In a another way, the [La] in the HRDP (4,4 ± 1,4mmol.l-1) had significantly increased when compared to the [La] in the LT2 (2,6 ± 0,3mmol.l-1), however did not increased when compared in the LT3,5 and LM (3,5 ± 1,5mmol.l-1). From Pearson s test some significant correlations could be found for HR between LT3,5 and HRDP (r= 0,72), LT3,5 and LT2 (r= 0,91), LM and LT2 (r= 0,82) and between LM and LT3,5 (r= 0,92). Some significant correlations could also be found for speed between LT2 and HRDP (r= 0,69), LT3,5 and HRDP (r= 0,92), LT3,5 and LT2 (r= 0,72). However, there was no significant correlation for [La] in any of the methods used. Through the results of this study, it can be concluded that it s possible to identify the physiological transition threshold in intermittent progressive protocol with pause and, apparently, all the methods are adjusted. However, there s a necessity to confirm the maximum steady state of lactate in the different speeds correspondent to each one of these methods. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar métodos de identificação de limiar de transição fisiológica (LTF) a partir de protocolos progressivos intermitentes com pausa. Além disso, comparar os valores de velocidade, freqüência cardíaca (FC) e concentração de lactato sanguíneo ([La]) entre os diferentes métodos utilizados. Para tanto, participaram do estudo 10 atletas de futebol do sexo masculino, com idade média de 19,99 ± 1,75 anos. Inicialmente, cada atleta foi submetido a uma avaliação antropométrica (peso, estatura, dobras cutâneas) seguida de um teste progressivo intermitente com pausa (TPI) realizado em campo, para a identificação do ponto de deflexão da FC (PDFC), segundo limiar de lactato (LL2) e limiar de concentração fixa de 3,5mmol.l-1 (L3,5). O TPI iniciou com velocidade de 9km/h com incrementos de 1,2km/h a cada estágio. Os estágios foram compostos por 10 corridas de ida e volta, iniciando com 15m e aumentando 2m a cada estágio. Cada ida e volta teve um intervalo de 6 segundos e os estágios em que eram realizadas as coletas de sangue tiveram 45 segundos de pausa. Este protocolo foi modificado a partir do proposto por Carminatti et al (2004). A FC foi monitorada durante todo o teste pelo do frequêncímetro marca Polarâ (modelo S610i), sendo registrada a final de cada estágio. Neste mesmo momento, também eram coletados 25ml de sangue do lóbulo da orelha para análise da [La] no analisador portátil Yellow Springs® (modelo 1500). Em um segundo momento, foi realizado um exercício de alta intensidade para indução da acidose lática (BAKER et al, 1993) e após um intervalo de 8 minutos os sujeitos realizaram o TPI conforme descrito acima. Novamente foram registrados os valores de FC e [La] ao final de cada estágio. A partir deste teste foi identificado o limiar de lactato mínimo (LM) (TEGTBUR et al., 1993). Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente através de análise de variância seguida pelo teste de Scheffé e correlação de Pearson, sendo adotado o nível de significância de p<0,05. Os resultados evidenciaram a possibilidade de identificação do LTF no TPI, por meio dos métodos PDFC, LL2, L3,5 e LM. Além disso, não foi verificada diferença significativa entre as variáveis velocidade e FC nos diferentes métodos empregados. Por outro lado, a variável [La] no PDFC (4,4 ± 1,4mmol.l-1) apresentou-se significativamente mais elevada em comparação à [La] no LL2 (2,6 ± 0,3mmol.l-1), mas não no L3,5 e no LM (3,5 ± 1,5mmol.l-1). A partir do teste de Pearson algumas correlações significativas foram encontradas para a FC entre L3,5 e PDFC (r= 0,72), L3,5 e LL2 (r= 0,91), LM e LL2 (r= 0,82) e LM e L3,5 (r= 0,92). Para a velocidade também foram observadas correlações significativas entre LL2 e PDFC (r= 0,69), L3,5 e PDFC (r= 0,92), L3,5 e LL2 (r= 0,72). No entanto, para a [La] não houve correlação significativa entre nenhum dos métodos utilizados. A partir destes resultados pode-se concluir que é possível a identificação do LTF em protocolo progressivo intermitente com pausa e que, aparentemente, todos os métodos se mostraram adequados. No entanto, resta a necessidade da confirmação do máximo steady state de lactato nas velocidades correspondentes a cada um destes métodos.
2

Schedulability Tests for Real-Time Uni- and Multiprocessor Systems: Focusing on Partitioned Approaches

Müller, Dirk 19 February 2014 (has links)
This work makes significant contributions in the field of sufficient schedulability tests for rate-monotonic scheduling (RMS) and their application to partitioned RMS. Goal is the maximization of possible utilization in worst or average case under a given number of processors. This scenario is more realistic than the dual case of minimizing the number of necessary processors for a given task set since the hardware is normally fixed. Sufficient schedulability tests are useful for quick estimates of task set schedulability in automatic system-synthesis tools and in online scheduling where exact schedulability tests are too slow. Especially, the approach of Accelerated Simply Periodic Task Sets (ASPTSs) and the concept of circular period similarity are cornerstones of improvements in the success ratio of such schedulability tests. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first application of circular statistics in real-time scheduling. Finally, the thesis discusses the use of sharp total utilization thresholds for partitioned EDF. A constant-time admission control is enabled with a controlled residual risk. / Diese Arbeit liefert entscheidende Beiträge im Bereich der hinreichenden Planbarkeitstests für ratenmonotones Scheduling (RMS) und deren Anwendung auf partitioniertes RMS. Ziel ist die Maximierung der möglichen Last im Worst Case und im Average Case bei einer gegebenen Zahl von Prozessoren. Dieses Szenario ist realistischer als der duale Fall der Minimierung der Anzahl der notwendigen Prozessoren für eine gegebene Taskmenge, da die Hardware normalerweise fixiert ist. Hinreichende Planbarkeitstests sind für schnelle Schätzungen der Planbarkeit von Taskmengen in automatischen Werkzeugen zur Systemsynthese und im Online-Scheduling sinnvoll, wo exakte Einplanungstests zu langsam sind. Insbesondere der Ansatz der beschleunigten einfach-periodischen Taskmengen und das Konzept der zirkulären Periodenähnlichkeit sind Eckpfeiler für Verbesserungen in der Erfolgsrate solcher Einplanungstests. Nach bestem Wissen ist das die erste Anwendung zirkulärer Statistik im Echtzeit-Scheduling. Schließlich diskutiert die Arbeit plötzliche Phasenübergänge der Gesamtlast für partitioniertes EDF. Eine Zugangskontrolle konstanter Zeitkomplexität mit einem kontrollierten Restrisiko wird ermöglicht.

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