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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ecnomic value of water for Agriculture, Hydropower and Domestic Use : A case study of the Lunsemfwa catchment, Zambia

Phiri, Daniel January 2020 (has links)
The Lunsemfwa river catchment is of paramount importance to the Zambian economy, particularly with regards to energy, agricultural and water for domestic, as well as wildlife. Water shortages during dry spells in the area present a huge problem for the various stakeholders in the basin. As the impact of climate variability increases in the basin, water resources managers in the basin are increasing challenged to efficiently allocate decreasing reserves of water resources against increasing levels of demand. This paper attempts to highlight the value of water resources to the earlier mentioned sectors; hydropower, agriculture and households, in order to inform allocation decisions in the Lunsemfwa catchment area of Zambia. The paper uses the SDDP method to investigate the average cost of electricity production, coupled with market electricity prices to ascertain the value of a unit of electricity given reservoir outflow levels. The PF method was used to evaluate the marginal value of water is agriculture, while the value of water for domestic consumers was evaluated using the Contingent Valuation method, particularly the willingness to pay, which essentially uses market prices to represent the consumers’ willingness to pay. A value of US$93/MWh is attached to hydropower produced here, while the marginal value of water in agriculture is estimated to be US$0.068/m3. The willingness to pay for connection to piped water is approximately US$34.13, while the monthly value is US$6.9. The Gross Financial Value (GFV) generated from hydropower, agriculture and domestic water supply is US$24,174,000, US$ 262,083,045.91 and $7,140,000.00 respectively.
2

Fatores condicionantes da produtividade agrícola no Brasil no período de 1970 a 2005: uma abordagem neoclássica

Costantin, Paulo Dutra 09 November 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Dutra Costantin.pdf: 1161497 bytes, checksum: 80c40c8fcef9308bff7d9389b7a7a3f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-09 / Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie / The current work aims to provide an inquiry into the causes of productivity increase observed in the Brazilian agricultural sector from the 1970s till the early years of the 2000s. Its working hypothesis is that gains in productivity are explained by factors like increased rural credit, research (technology), tractors, fertilizers and pesticides. More specifically, it analyses and estimates the impact of each of the foregoing variables on the trajectory of agriculture productivity increase in the period under study. In order to accomplish these tasks, we built up a database that gathered the relevant information for subsequent parametric (as well as non-parametric) estimation of the above specified explanatory variables. The first stage of the research consists of developing a conceptual analysis of the term productivity that fits well with neoclassical microeconomic theory and allows for a systematic explanation based on items like production function, cost function and technical progress. The second stage scrutinizes the properties of parametric and non-parametric research methods underlying the overall study. The third part specifies the selected techniques in tune with the available information. They refer to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Cobb-Douglas Production Function, Translog Production Function and Model of Error Correction Vector. The DEA model suggests that there has been an improvement of technical efficiency as well as room for technological progress throughout the last three decades. Based on the Cobb Douglas model, we found out that the three main factors explaining productivity gains in the sector are harvest area, credit and investment. The Translog production function suggests neutrality of technical progress relative of factor employment over time and a positive effect on production. Additionally, it suggests that reduction of cultivated area,rural credit, pesticide and increase of employment of limestone (calcario)contributes to technical progress. Finally, the model of vector error correction identified that rural credit and R&D yield positive effects on agricultural productivity. / Esta tese constata que a agricultura brasileira apresentou ganhos de produtividade ao longo das décadas de 1970, 1980, 1990 e nos primeiros anos da década de 2000 em decorrência da utilização de fatores como crédito agrícola, pesquisa, maior número de tratores, fertilizantes, corretivos e defensivos agrícolas. Desse modo, procura-se analisar e mensurar a influência dessas variáveis sobre a produtividade agrícola. Para tanto, foi elaborado um banco de dados contendo as informações que serviram de base para a realização de estimativas paramétricas e não-paramétricas para buscar as evidências do impacto desses fatores sobre o aumento da produtividade agrícola. A primeira etapa do trabalho consistiu em definir o conceito de produtividade, em conformidade com a teoria microeconômica neoclássica, para instrumentalizar a explicação este fenômeno, a partir dos conceitos de função de produção, função custo e progresso técnico. A segunda etapa consistiu na avaliação das propriedades dos métodos paramétricos e não paramétricos a serem utilizados. A etapa seguinte implicou a definição das técnicas a serem empregadas, em função da disponibilidade de informações. Assim, foram selecionadas as seguintes técnicas: o Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a Função de Produção Cobb-Douglas, a Função de Produção Translog e o Modelo de Vetor de Correção de Erros. O modelo DEA indicou a existência, ao longo de um período de trinta anos, de melhora tanto da eficiência técnica quanto do progresso tecnológico. O modelo de Cobb-Douglas identificou como principais fatores que contribuíram para o aumento da produtividade neste período a área colhida e os créditos de custeio e investimento. A função de produção Translog identificou que o progresso técnico permaneceu neutro, no tempo, em relação ao emprego de fatores, tendo apresentado efeito positivo sobre a produção. Verificou, ainda, que as reduções da área colhida, do crédito agrícola e do uso de defensivos, assim como o aumento da quantidade empregada de calcário, contribuíram positivamente para o progresso técnico. Por fim, o Modelo de Vetor de Correção de Erros identificou nas variáveis crédito agrícola e pesquisa e desenvolvimento efeitos positivos para o aumento da produtividade agrícola.

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