Mycotoxins which are associated with Fusarium spp. and disease caused by this genus, Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), on grains represents a global issue for food and feed security. In order to determinate if the BoMill IQ is capable to recognize the content of mycotoxin in grains of barley, we were testing three different varieties fromm five firms, in two repetitions. This technology uses Near Infrared Transmittance (NIT) to distinguish kernels containing mycotoxins form healthy based on individual kernel protein content. Correlations between content of proteins and tested mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) were observed. We have found strong negative correlations between both mycotoxins and content of proteins, but there was a strong positive correlation between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. Results showed that this technology can be used to determinate content of mycotoxins in individual kernels and to sort the grains in different fractions which differ in content of mycotoxins.

O torneamento com ferramenta de diamante é um processo de fabricação usado para a produção de componentes ópticos com alta precisão de forma e qualidade óptica final. O crescente uso de materiais poliméricos na industria, particularmente em equipamentos de precisão eletrônica e óptica tem exigido o estudo e entendimento de suas características e propriedades específicas. Esse trabalho avalia a integridade superficial do polimetilmetacrilato torneado com ferramenta de diamante, com relação à transmitância. Os parâmetros de usinagem objetivaram a obtenção de superfície gerada no modo dúctil. As rotações usadas foram 550 e 1000 rpm, a faixa do avanço variou de 5 a 20 µm/rev e a profundidade de usinagem de 4 e 10 µm. Duas ferramentas com geometrias diferentes foram usadas nos testes, com ângulos de saída de -5° e +5°, com raios de ponta de 1,143mm e 1,524 mm. A superfície final e morfologia dos cavacos foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a transmitância medida por espectofotometria. A integridade superficial foi claramente influenciada pelo ângulo de saída da ferramenta como observado na literatura. Devido a formação de cavacos no regime dúctil, a superfície final apresentou microtrincas em função do fluxo viscoelástico. A menor rugosidade obtida foi de 33,2 nm para a condição de corte de 10 µm/rev e 10 µm de profundidade de usinagem. Quando os resultados foram comparados as lentes injetadas, observou-se que o valor da transmitância são muito similares. / Single point diamond turning is a manufacturing process used to fabricate optical and precision components with high form accuracy and optical quality surface finish. The increase in the use of polymer materials in industry, particularly in electronic and optic precision devices, has demanded the study and understanding of its specific characteristics and properties. This work is addressed to the evaluation of the surface integrity of diamond turned polymethylmethacrilate regarding the trade off surface integrity versus transmitance. The cutting conditions were selected in order to work within the ductile mode material removal range. The spindle speed were 550 and 1000 rpm, feed rate ranging from 5 up to 20 micrometer/rev and the depth of cut ranging from 4 up to 10 micrometer. Two different tool geometries were used in the tests, a -5 \'DEGREES\' and +5 \'DEGREES\' rake angles with round nose radius tools of 1,143 mm and 1,524 mm. Surface finish and morphology of the chips was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmitance measured by spectophometry technique. The surface integrity was clearly influenced by the cutting tool rake angle as observed in literature. Despite the formation of ductile chips the surface finished presented microcracks likely due the instability of the viscoelastic flow. The lower surface roughness obtained was 33,2 nm Ra for the cutting condition of 10 micrometer/rev and 10 micrometer depth of cut. When the results were compared with injected lenses, it was observed that the value of transmittance was very similar.

O torneamento com ferramenta de diamante é um processo de fabricação usado para a produção de componentes ópticos com alta precisão de forma e qualidade óptica final. O crescente uso de materiais poliméricos na industria, particularmente em equipamentos de precisão eletrônica e óptica tem exigido o estudo e entendimento de suas características e propriedades específicas. Esse trabalho avalia a integridade superficial do polimetilmetacrilato torneado com ferramenta de diamante, com relação à transmitância. Os parâmetros de usinagem objetivaram a obtenção de superfície gerada no modo dúctil. As rotações usadas foram 550 e 1000 rpm, a faixa do avanço variou de 5 a 20 µm/rev e a profundidade de usinagem de 4 e 10 µm. Duas ferramentas com geometrias diferentes foram usadas nos testes, com ângulos de saída de -5° e +5°, com raios de ponta de 1,143mm e 1,524 mm. A superfície final e morfologia dos cavacos foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a transmitância medida por espectofotometria. A integridade superficial foi claramente influenciada pelo ângulo de saída da ferramenta como observado na literatura. Devido a formação de cavacos no regime dúctil, a superfície final apresentou microtrincas em função do fluxo viscoelástico. A menor rugosidade obtida foi de 33,2 nm para a condição de corte de 10 µm/rev e 10 µm de profundidade de usinagem. Quando os resultados foram comparados as lentes injetadas, observou-se que o valor da transmitância são muito similares. / Single point diamond turning is a manufacturing process used to fabricate optical and precision components with high form accuracy and optical quality surface finish. The increase in the use of polymer materials in industry, particularly in electronic and optic precision devices, has demanded the study and understanding of its specific characteristics and properties. This work is addressed to the evaluation of the surface integrity of diamond turned polymethylmethacrilate regarding the trade off surface integrity versus transmitance. The cutting conditions were selected in order to work within the ductile mode material removal range. The spindle speed were 550 and 1000 rpm, feed rate ranging from 5 up to 20 micrometer/rev and the depth of cut ranging from 4 up to 10 micrometer. Two different tool geometries were used in the tests, a -5 \'DEGREES\' and +5 \'DEGREES\' rake angles with round nose radius tools of 1,143 mm and 1,524 mm. Surface finish and morphology of the chips was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmitance measured by spectophometry technique. The surface integrity was clearly influenced by the cutting tool rake angle as observed in literature. Despite the formation of ductile chips the surface finished presented microcracks likely due the instability of the viscoelastic flow. The lower surface roughness obtained was 33,2 nm Ra for the cutting condition of 10 micrometer/rev and 10 micrometer depth of cut. When the results were compared with injected lenses, it was observed that the value of transmittance was very similar.

The investigated subject for this diploma thesis is getting know properties of the vanadium redox battery (VRB), especially electrolyte. Specialization is applied to the state of charge of this cell and its measurements using the optical methods. Upon different state of charge is changed oxidation number of vanadium and resultant color of the electrolyte. Using spectrofotometry method that characteristic property is undergone measurement. The basic thing was learning to handle a measurement system. The first practical measurement was executed on example foils. Upon measurement of vanadium cell there was obtained the values of absorbation, which they were used for determination of state of charge.

This thesis deals with the illuminance space through light guide. It describes it's basic principles, technical features and ways of differentiation between the technologies. The thesis also includes latest methods for evaluation of illumination of space supported by various computer simulations.