This study examines the changing state-society relations in mainland China by exploring the relationships between NGOs and the state during the period of transition to a market economy. The NGOs discussed in this study are primarily concerned with migrant workers, because the issue of migrant workers is one of the toughest issues confronted by the Chinese government. Three different types of NGOs are examined: government-owned NGOs (GONGOs), such as trade associations and county NGOs; grass roots NGOs in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing; and the international NGOs that initiate various programs relevant to migrant workers in China. The author¡¦s analysis is that the Chinese government, influenced by the political context, tends to be suspicious of NGOs and subjects them to restrictive regulations. Given the asymmetric power between the government and the NGOs, state-society relations have developed into a form of state corporatism. It is noteworthy that features of a primary mode of civil society as identified by Charles Taylor have emerged, even though this civil society is far from being capable to counter the power of the state. Moreover, empirical evidence suggests that external factors such as international NGOs and transnational networks are involved in the shaping of state-society relations.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as motivações para a formação de uma parceria entre o líder pentecostal brasileiro Isaías Figueiró, presidente e fundador da Igreja Encontros de Fé, situada em Porto Alegre, no Brasil, e sueco, o pastor Ulf Ekman, presidente e fundador da igreja Word of Life, situada em Uppsala, na Suécia. A parceria teve como escopo a implantação da escola bíblica Word of Life, fundada pelo pastor Ulf Ekman, em Porto Alegre. Embora tivesse sido pensada para durar dois anos, a escola foi finalizada ao término do primeiro ano. Em Porto Alegre, a escola contou com a presença permanente de um casal sueco e de outros onze professores volantes da Escandinávia. Esta experiência carregava consigo motivações e expectativas de ambas igrejas. O objeto deste trabalho consiste em compreender, a posteriori, os elementos presentes na formação da parceria transnacional de ambas as igrejas e, especialmente, entender o término da ação em torno da escola bíblica, cuja experiência consistiu num êxito relativo. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa foi utilizado o método etnográfico, que implicou em um sem número de participações em cultos celebrados na igreja Encontros de Fé e em várias entrevistas semi-dirigidas realizadas com os líderes da igreja Encontros de Fé, Isaías Figueiró e Christian Lo Iacono, com os alunos da escola e com o diretor da escola no Brasil, Calle Lilja e com o professor Roar Sørensen. / This research aims to understand the motivations that led to the formation of a partnership between the Brazilian Neopentecostal leader Isaías Figueiró of Encontros de Fé Church, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and the Swedish Pentecostal charismatic leader Ulf Ekman of Word of Life Church, in Uppsala, Sweden. This partnership scope took place to implant the Swedish Bible School Word of Life, founded by Ulf Ekman, in the city of Porto Alegre. Though, It was thought to stay for two years, it finished in one year. In Porto Alegre, the school had a permanent Swedish couple living in, and other eleven Swedish teachers coming and going. This experience carried motivations and expectations from both side of the agreement. The objetc of this work consists in to understand a posteriori the existing elements in forming the transnational partnership, and specially in understanding the end of this partnership, which consisted in a relative success. In order to develop this research, it was used the ethnographic method, that meant a countless number of participant observation in the Encontros de Fé church worships and events, and semi-structured interviews conducted with the pastor leaders of Encontros de Fé church, Isaías Figueiró, Christian Lo Iacono, some students, the principal of the bible School Word of Life in Brazil, Calle Lilja and the teacher Roar Sørensen.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as motivações para a formação de uma parceria entre o líder pentecostal brasileiro Isaías Figueiró, presidente e fundador da Igreja Encontros de Fé, situada em Porto Alegre, no Brasil, e sueco, o pastor Ulf Ekman, presidente e fundador da igreja Word of Life, situada em Uppsala, na Suécia. A parceria teve como escopo a implantação da escola bíblica Word of Life, fundada pelo pastor Ulf Ekman, em Porto Alegre. Embora tivesse sido pensada para durar dois anos, a escola foi finalizada ao término do primeiro ano. Em Porto Alegre, a escola contou com a presença permanente de um casal sueco e de outros onze professores volantes da Escandinávia. Esta experiência carregava consigo motivações e expectativas de ambas igrejas. O objeto deste trabalho consiste em compreender, a posteriori, os elementos presentes na formação da parceria transnacional de ambas as igrejas e, especialmente, entender o término da ação em torno da escola bíblica, cuja experiência consistiu num êxito relativo. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa foi utilizado o método etnográfico, que implicou em um sem número de participações em cultos celebrados na igreja Encontros de Fé e em várias entrevistas semi-dirigidas realizadas com os líderes da igreja Encontros de Fé, Isaías Figueiró e Christian Lo Iacono, com os alunos da escola e com o diretor da escola no Brasil, Calle Lilja e com o professor Roar Sørensen. / This research aims to understand the motivations that led to the formation of a partnership between the Brazilian Neopentecostal leader Isaías Figueiró of Encontros de Fé Church, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and the Swedish Pentecostal charismatic leader Ulf Ekman of Word of Life Church, in Uppsala, Sweden. This partnership scope took place to implant the Swedish Bible School Word of Life, founded by Ulf Ekman, in the city of Porto Alegre. Though, It was thought to stay for two years, it finished in one year. In Porto Alegre, the school had a permanent Swedish couple living in, and other eleven Swedish teachers coming and going. This experience carried motivations and expectations from both side of the agreement. The objetc of this work consists in to understand a posteriori the existing elements in forming the transnational partnership, and specially in understanding the end of this partnership, which consisted in a relative success. In order to develop this research, it was used the ethnographic method, that meant a countless number of participant observation in the Encontros de Fé church worships and events, and semi-structured interviews conducted with the pastor leaders of Encontros de Fé church, Isaías Figueiró, Christian Lo Iacono, some students, the principal of the bible School Word of Life in Brazil, Calle Lilja and the teacher Roar Sørensen.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as motivações para a formação de uma parceria entre o líder pentecostal brasileiro Isaías Figueiró, presidente e fundador da Igreja Encontros de Fé, situada em Porto Alegre, no Brasil, e sueco, o pastor Ulf Ekman, presidente e fundador da igreja Word of Life, situada em Uppsala, na Suécia. A parceria teve como escopo a implantação da escola bíblica Word of Life, fundada pelo pastor Ulf Ekman, em Porto Alegre. Embora tivesse sido pensada para durar dois anos, a escola foi finalizada ao término do primeiro ano. Em Porto Alegre, a escola contou com a presença permanente de um casal sueco e de outros onze professores volantes da Escandinávia. Esta experiência carregava consigo motivações e expectativas de ambas igrejas. O objeto deste trabalho consiste em compreender, a posteriori, os elementos presentes na formação da parceria transnacional de ambas as igrejas e, especialmente, entender o término da ação em torno da escola bíblica, cuja experiência consistiu num êxito relativo. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa foi utilizado o método etnográfico, que implicou em um sem número de participações em cultos celebrados na igreja Encontros de Fé e em várias entrevistas semi-dirigidas realizadas com os líderes da igreja Encontros de Fé, Isaías Figueiró e Christian Lo Iacono, com os alunos da escola e com o diretor da escola no Brasil, Calle Lilja e com o professor Roar Sørensen. / This research aims to understand the motivations that led to the formation of a partnership between the Brazilian Neopentecostal leader Isaías Figueiró of Encontros de Fé Church, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and the Swedish Pentecostal charismatic leader Ulf Ekman of Word of Life Church, in Uppsala, Sweden. This partnership scope took place to implant the Swedish Bible School Word of Life, founded by Ulf Ekman, in the city of Porto Alegre. Though, It was thought to stay for two years, it finished in one year. In Porto Alegre, the school had a permanent Swedish couple living in, and other eleven Swedish teachers coming and going. This experience carried motivations and expectations from both side of the agreement. The objetc of this work consists in to understand a posteriori the existing elements in forming the transnational partnership, and specially in understanding the end of this partnership, which consisted in a relative success. In order to develop this research, it was used the ethnographic method, that meant a countless number of participant observation in the Encontros de Fé church worships and events, and semi-structured interviews conducted with the pastor leaders of Encontros de Fé church, Isaías Figueiró, Christian Lo Iacono, some students, the principal of the bible School Word of Life in Brazil, Calle Lilja and the teacher Roar Sørensen.

This thesis analyses the role of the Euromarket, an offshore market for Eurodollars or expatriate US dollars, in the re-emergence of global finance during the 1960s and 1970s. It charts not only its Cold War origins and the development of various markets for Eurodollars, but also institutions and policies that shaped them from the return to convertibility in 1958 to the ill-fated efforts to regulate the nascent market by international financial institutions. By examining the nature of Eurodollars as both a US and global currency, the thesis sheds light on the changing features of the governance of global finance and its relationship with the economic sovereignty of nation-states. It argues that the Euromarket underwent repeated contestations as politicians, bankers, and economists vested their political ambitions and cultural assumptions in it. The popular, academic, and policy debates challenged the speculative nature of Eurodollars which would destabilise the domestic as well as the international monetary system of the Bretton Woods system. Without a single monetary authority, the tendency of the Euromarket to transcend the order of capitalist nation-states constrained national governments’ capacity to control capital flows and the autonomy of domestic monetary policy. However, nation-states were not impotent but deliberately sought to exploit the liquid pool of capital in Eurodollars. It was not merely the US government that benefited from the seigniorage of Eurodollars and the City of London which was reborn as the international financial centre in the Euromarket. Continental European countries that were hesitant about European economic integration, the UK Labour government, developing countries in the Global South, and even the Communist bloc, resorted to the Euromarket for their national interests. The ambivalent attitudes of national governments and their conflict of interests resulted in the failure of coordinated efforts to introduce the rules of the game but facilitated the transnational network of finance in Eurodollars.