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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

The Synthesis and Evaluation of Functionalised Carbohydrates as Probes of Tumour Metastasis

Abu-Izneid, Tareq, n/a January 2005 (has links)
Sialyltransferases, CMP-sialic acid synthetases and CMP-sialic acid transport proteins play a crucial role in the construction of cell surface glycoconjugates. These proteins also have a pivotal role to play in a number of diseases, including cancer. The sialyltransferase enzymes are responsible for transfering sialic acids from the donor substrate (CMP-sialic acid) to growing cell surface glycoconjugate chains within the Golgi apparatus. The CMP-sialic acid synthetase enzymes are responsible for the synthesis of the CMP-sialic acid, the donor substrate of the sialyltransferases in the nucleus, while the CMP-sialic acid transport proteins are responsible for transporting CMP-sialic acid from the Cytosol to the Golgi apparatus. When these proteins function in an abnormal way, hypersialylation results, leading to an increased level of sialylation on the cell surface. This increased level of sialylation aids in the detachment of primary tumour cells due to an increase in the level of overall negative charge, causing repulsion between the cancer cells. Therefore, the sialyltransferase enzymes, CMP-sialic acid synthetases and CMP-sialic acid transport proteins are intimately involved in the metastatic cascade associated with cancer. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction of cancer metastasis, discussing the roles of three target proteins (CMP-sialic acid synthetases, CMP-sialic acid transport proteins and sialyltransferases), as well as discussing their substrate specificities, with an emphasis on their involvements in cancer metastasis. The Chapter concludes with an overview of the types of compounds intended to be utilised as probes or inhibitors of these proteins. Chapter 2 describes the general approach towards the synthesis of CMP-Neu5Ac mimetics with a sulfur linkage in the presence of a phosphate group in the general structure 38. The precursor phosphoramidite derivative 45 was prepared and isolated in a good yield using Py.TFA. Unfortunately, the target compound 38 could not be prepared. Chapter 3 describes an alternative strategy wherein S-linked sialylnucleoside mimetics, of the general structure 39, with a sulfur linkage, but no phosphate group, between the sialylmimetic and the ribose moiety in the base is targeted. A series of these S-linked sialylnucleoside mimetics were successfully prepared. Cytidine, uridine, adenosine and 5-fluorouridine nucleosides were used to create a library of different nucleosides and with structural variability also present in the sialylmimetic portion. This small 'library' of 15 compounds was designed to shed light on the interaction of these compounds with the binding sites of the sialyltranferase, CMP-sialic acid synthetase and/or CM-sialic acid transport protein. Approaches towards the synthesis of O-linked sialylnucleoside mimetics of the general structure 40 are described in Chapter 4. Several methodologies are reported, as well as protecting group manipulations, for successful preparation of these sialylnucleoside mimetics. Cytidine and uridine were employed as the nucleosides, thus allowing a direct comparison between the O- and S-linked sialylnucleoside mimetics in biological evaluation. It appears from these synthetic investigations that gaining access into the O-linked series is not as straightforward as for the S-linked series, with alternative protecting group strategies required for the different nucleosides. The biological evaluation of some of the compounds reported in Chapters 3 and 4 is detailed in Chapter 5. The sialylnucleoside mimetics were evaluated, by 1H NMR spectroscopy, for their ability to inhibit CMP-KDN synthetase. In addition, an initial 1H NMR spectroscopic-based assay was investigated for inhibition studies of α(2,6)sialyltranferase in the absence of potential inhibitors. The final chapter (Chapter 6) brings together full experimental details in support of the compounds described in the preceding Chapters.
32

Role of Fatty Acid Transport Proteins in Oleic Acid-induced Secretion of Glucagon-like Peptide-1

Poreba, Monika 19 December 2011 (has links)
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an anti-diabetic intestinal L cell hormone. The monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (OA), is an effective GLP-1 secretagogue that crosses the cell membrane by an unknown mechanism. Immunoblotting demonstrated the presence of fatty acid transport proteins (CD36 and FATP1, 3 and 4) in the murine GLUTag L cell model. The cells demonstrated specific 3H-OA uptake, which was dose-dependently inhibited by unlabeled-OA. Phloretin and SSO, inhibitors of carrier-mediated transport and CD36, respectively, also significantly decreased 3H-OA uptake, as did knocking down FATP4 by transfection of siRNA. OA dose-dependently increased GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells, while phloretin and FATP4 knockdown, but not SSO, decreased this response. OA injected directly into the ileum of wild-type mice increased plasma GLP-1 levels; in contrast, preliminary findings suggest decreased GLP-1 levels in FATP4 null mice at 60 min. Collectively, these findings indicate a role for FATP4 in OA-induced GLP-1 secretion.
33

Role of Fatty Acid Transport Proteins in Oleic Acid-induced Secretion of Glucagon-like Peptide-1

Poreba, Monika 19 December 2011 (has links)
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an anti-diabetic intestinal L cell hormone. The monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (OA), is an effective GLP-1 secretagogue that crosses the cell membrane by an unknown mechanism. Immunoblotting demonstrated the presence of fatty acid transport proteins (CD36 and FATP1, 3 and 4) in the murine GLUTag L cell model. The cells demonstrated specific 3H-OA uptake, which was dose-dependently inhibited by unlabeled-OA. Phloretin and SSO, inhibitors of carrier-mediated transport and CD36, respectively, also significantly decreased 3H-OA uptake, as did knocking down FATP4 by transfection of siRNA. OA dose-dependently increased GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells, while phloretin and FATP4 knockdown, but not SSO, decreased this response. OA injected directly into the ileum of wild-type mice increased plasma GLP-1 levels; in contrast, preliminary findings suggest decreased GLP-1 levels in FATP4 null mice at 60 min. Collectively, these findings indicate a role for FATP4 in OA-induced GLP-1 secretion.
34

Macrophage regulatory genes Nramp1 and MK2 : implication in inflammation and cutaneous wound healing

Thuraisingam, Thusanth. January 2007 (has links)
Macrophages are active participants in many important biological processes, including antimicrobial activity, tumour surveillance, apoptotic cell clearance, homeostasis and wound healing. The activity of all cells is under the direct influence of their genetic makeup and macrophages are no exception. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1, also known as SLC11A1) is a macrophage-restricted gene that confers resistance to intracellular pathogens in mice. Mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK-2 or MK2), a substrate of p38 MAPK, is known to influence the activation of macrophages in response to stressors, including the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 ligand LPS. Like NRAMP1, MK2 has also been shown to influence the efficiency of the antibacterial response. The present study evaluates the role of NRAMP1 and MK2 in TLR-mediated cytokine induction and their role in cutaneous wound healing. Mice lacking NRAMP1 are severely impaired in their rate of cutaneous wound healing. Nramp1 gene ablation has been associated with lower levels of SLPI, a protein previously demonstrated to influence the rate of wound healing in a non-redundant fashion. Macrophages derived from Nramp1-null mice are less efficient in activating p38 MAPK signaling, which results in lower levels of MK2 phosphorylation. The reduced level of p38 MAPK and MK2 activation in Nramp1-null macrophages also correlates with decreased cytokine induction in response to TLR7 ligand stimulation of these cells. Using p38 MAPK inhibitor and MK2-deficient macrophages, we demonstrate that TLR7- and TLR9-mediated cytokine induction is directly under the control of this signaling pathway. Furthermore, cytokine induction is regulated by MK2 at the post-transcriptional level. Macrophage-induced cytokines play an important role in cutaneous wound healing. Since MK2-deficient macrophages are severely impaired in their ability to induce cytokines following activation, we next evaluated the role of MK2 in cutaneous wound healing. Our results demonstrate that the rate of wound healing is significantly delayed in the absence of MK2. The level of cytokine expression in the wounds is impaired and macrophages are major players in cutaneous wound healing. Our data also show that intradermal transfer of macrophages with intact MK2 significantly improved wound healing kinetics. Overall, the studies presented in this dissertation demonstrate the importance of NRAMP1 and MK2 in the modulation of macrophage gene expression, and their important role in the control of cutaneous wound healing.
35

Nuclear transport of the androgen receptor /

Shank, Leonard Carl. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.
36

PET studies of the dopamine system in relation to cognitive functions /

Erixon-Lindroth, Nina, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
37

Distribution of serotonin receptors and transporters in the human brain: implications for psychosis /

Varnäs, Katarina, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
38

Pet imaging of two monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems in brain : studies of the norepinephrine transporter and dopamine D₂ receptor /

Seneca, Nicholas, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
39

The structural and functional study of GIT1 paxillin binding domain

Zhang, Ziwei, January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on November 5, 2008). Research advisor: Jie Zheng, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xiii, 140 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-116).
40

Determination of the transmembrance topology of mammalian SLC11A2 by an epitope mapping approach

Czachorowski, Maciej. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Biochemistry. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/06/23). Includes bibliographical references.

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