Global ETD Search

1	Humans permanently occupied the Andean highlands by at least 7 ka Haas, Randall, Stefanescu, Ioana C., Garcia-Putnam, Alexander, Aldenderfer, Mark S., Clementz, Mark T., Murphy, Melissa S., Llave, Carlos Viviano, Watson, James T. 28 June 2017 (has links) High-elevation environments above 2500 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l.) were among the planet's last frontiers of human colonization. Research on the speed and tempo of this colonization process is active and holds implications for understanding rates of genetic, physiological and cultural adaptation in our species. Permanent occupation of high-elevation environments in the Andes Mountains of South America tentatively began with hunter-gatherers around 9 ka according to current archaeological estimates, though the timing is currently debated. Recent observations on the archaeological site of Soro Mik'aya Patjxa (8.0-6.5 ka), located at 3800 m.a.s.l. in the Andean Altiplano, offer an opportunity to independently test hypotheses for early permanent use of the region. This study observes low oxygen (delta O-18) and high carbon (delta C-13) isotope values in human bone, long travel distances to low-elevation zones, variable age and sex structure in the human population and an absence of non-local lithic materials. These independent lines of evidence converge to support a model of permanent occupation of high elevations and refute logistical and seasonal use models. The results constitute the strongest empirical support to date for permanent human occupation of the Andean highlands by hunter-gatherers before 7 ka. archaeology high elevation hunter-gatherers isotopes bioarchaeology travel cost analysis
2	Evaluating the benefits and effectiveness of public policy Sandström, F. Mikael January 1999 (has links) The dissertation consists of four essays that treat different aspects or the evaluation of public policy. Two essays are applications of the travel cost method. In the first of these, recreational travel to the Swedish coast is studied to obtain estimates of the social benefits from reduced eutrophication of the sea. The second travel cost essay attempts at estimating how the probability that a woman will undergo mammographic screening for breast cancer is affected by the distance she has to travel to undergo such an examination. Using these estimated probabilities, the woman's valuation of the examination is obtained. The two other essays deal with automobile taxation. One essay analyzes how taxation and the Swedish eco-labeling system of automobiles have affected the sale of different car models. The last essay treats the effects of taxes and of scrappage premiums on the life length of cars. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1999 Random utility maximization Travel cost analysis Conditional logit Multinomial logit Logit Panel data Instrumental variables Baltic Sea Eutrophication Water quality Mammography Taxes Eco-labeling Automobiles Accelerated vehicle retirement programs Scrappage Economics Nationalekonomi

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Humans permanently occupied the Andean highlands by at least 7 ka

Evaluating the benefits and effectiveness of public policy