Purpose: There is accumulating evidence that treatment preference may significantly impact treatment compliance and satisfaction in individuals with psychological disorders. Very few studies have examined treatment preferences in clients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Moreover, little is known if treatment preference for a conventional therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy versus mindfulness-based interventions, influence outcomes. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether treatment expectancy and preferences for a mindfulness intervention adapted for SAD (MBI-SAD), cognitive behavior group therapy (CBGT), or no preference, would influence treatment compliance and treatment satisfaction. Method: The sample included 97 participants who met the DSM-5 criteria for SAD. After selecting a treatment preference, participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group. Analyses of variance, chi-square, and logistic regressions were conducted to determine if being matched to one’s preferred treatment influenced outcomes, and if those with no preference differed from those who indicated a preference. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to determine if participants’ perceptions of credibility and expectations and match to treatment influenced compliance and satisfaction. Results: There was some support that treatment preference and match to treatment influenced compliance and satisfaction, however the majority of the analyses revealed no impact of treatment preferences. CBGT met expectations more often than did MBI-SAD when participants were matched to their preferred treatment. When participants were matched to their preferred treatment or had no preference, they were more compliant with homework than those who were not matched. Those with no preference had lower attendance than both the matched and not matched groups. Perceived credibility and expectancy were higher for those who were matched to their preferred group, however this did not have an impact on compliance and satisfaction. The remainder of the analyses did not find a relationship between treatment preference or match to treatment on compliance or satisfaction.

Purpose: There is growing interest in the clinical application of mindfulness meditation. However, little is known about the extent to which clients prefer mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) over conventional psychological therapies. The present study examined predictors of treatment preference and credibility in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) who participated in a randomized trial of a mindfulness intervention adapted for SAD (MBI-SAD) versus a conventional psychological therapy (cognitive behavior group therapy; CBGT). Method: The sample included 97 adults who met DSM-5 criteria for SAD. Binary logistic and multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine baseline sociodemographic and clinical predictors of treatment preference for the MBI-SAD and perception of treatment credibility. Analysis of variance was used to compare levels of trait mindfulness across treatment preference groups. Results: The majority of participants (49%) reported a preference for the MBI-SAD. Ratings of treatment credibility were comparable for the two interventions. Employment status significantly predicted preference for CBGT versus the MBI-SAD, whereas younger age predicted preference for CBGT. Higher household income, a history of psychotherapy, elevated scores on clinician ratings of depression and social anxiety, and lower scores on self-report depression predicted no treatment preference. Higher household income predicted greater perceived credibility of treatment. Trait mindfulness did not differ across the treatment preference groups or predict treatment credibility. Discussion: Mindfulness meditation appears to be an acceptable and credible treatment for SAD. However, few baseline demographic and clinical characteristics predicted preference for the MBI-SAD. Additional research is needed to explore factors that shape preference and beliefs about mind-body interventions.

Treatments for depression are not overly effective. Thus, aptitude-by-treatment interactions (ATIs), or interactions between particular treatments and client characteristics may be key to increasing treatment outcomes. Aptitudes of particular interest are 1) emotional and 2) etiological factors. Emotional factors related to positivity (i.e., fear of happiness, fear of positive evaluation, anticipatory anhedonia) are of practical interest due to recent increases in positivity-based treatments and of theoretical interest due to reward devaluation theory, which states that depressed individuals may be motivated to be fearful/avoidant of positivity. Etiological beliefs regarding causes of depression (i.e., physical, childhood, characterological) are of interest due to budding literature boasting the treatment benefits of matching relevant treatments to etiological beliefs. In the current study, participants were provided with four depression treatment descriptions and were asked about the personal fit, preference, and effectiveness of these treatments as well as completed an online battery of questionnaires. Emotional hypotheses supported reward devaluation theory, as individuals who were highly fearful of happiness and positivity were less interested in treatments specifically targeting positivity than other treatments, differing from the overall group preferences. Some evidence from etiological hypotheses also supported use of these beliefs in treatment planning, as individuals with childhood etiological beliefs were more interested in pastocused treatments, as well as those with characterological beliefs (after accounting for other clinical variables). Thus, incorporating emotional and etiological factors into treatment planning may allow for an enhanced discussion of why treatments in direct contrast with clients’ etiological beliefs or preferences may be the treatments that they need the most.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often require early intensive behavioral interventions (EIBI) to improve their skills in a variety of domains. Error correction is a common instructional component in EIBI programs because children with ASD tend to make persistent errors. Ineffective error correction can result in a lack of learning or undesirable behavior. To date, research has not systematically investigated the use of reinforcement during error correction for children with ASD. This study compared the effects of correcting errors with and without reinforcement and their impact on preferences of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Four boys with ASD between 3 to 7 years old in China participated in this study. In the context of a repeated-acquisition design, each participant completed three sets of matching-to-sample task under the two error-correction procedures. During the error correction with reinforcement condition, the participants received the reinforcers after correct responses prompted by the researcher following errors. During the without-reinforcement condition, the participants did not receive any reinforcers after prompted responses. The number of sessions required to reach mastery criterion under the two conditions varied among the participants. Visual analysis did not confirm a functional relation between the error-correction procedures and the sessions required to reach mastery. With regard to children’s preferences, three children preferred the with-reinforcement condition and one preferred the without-reinforcement condition. The findings had conceptual implications and suggested practical implications relating to treatment preference.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to gather the perceive strategies and substance treatment needs of adults 60 and over. To examine what recovery treatment models and strategies could be most effective for the age-related complex needs of the 60 and over population who are at risk for substance misuse, use or abuse. In the coming years, there will be a substantial increase in the numbers of older adults with substance misuse and abuse problems. Even though one in five individuals who experience substance abuse are older adults many clinicians remain ill equipped to serve older clientele, and particularly those who face substance abuse. Furthermore, the diagnosis and treatment of substance abuse among older adults is complicated by assumptions about aging and the complex physical and cognitive changes in late life, each of which can make the manifestation of symptoms difficult to identify. The results indicate that participates has some definitive values that could increase their participation in engaging with substance treatments tailored to their specific age and belief systems.