Therapeutic alliance is a robust predictor of future therapeutic outcomes. While treatment of normal children and adolescents is often hard, treating antisocial youth is especially difficult because of the social, cognitive, and emotional deficits experienced by these youth. This study investigated whether differing levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits influenced the formation of therapeutic alliance in a sample of 51 adjudicated youth in juvenile institutions. Also, we tested whether therapeutic alliance influenced success in the institution and whether this association differed based on levels of CU traits. Results revealed that CU traits and selfreported delinquency were both modestly related to institutional infractions. Children low on both dimensions showed the lowest levels of institutional infractions. Additionally, these findings suggest that children high on both CU traits and delinquency reported better therapeutic alliance, but that youth with high CU traits committed more institutional infractions, despite their level of therapeutic alliance.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to TB treatment and therefore treatment success could be improved using digital adherence technology. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a medication event reminder monitor system (MERM) on treatment success and treatment adherence in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB in Perú. METHODS: This was an experimental, randomised, open-label, controlled study conducted among patients in the second phase of TB treatment. The intervention group received their medications through MERM with the support of a treatment monitor, whereas the control group used the usual strategy. Participants were followed until they completed the 54 doses of the second phase of treatment. RESULTS: The study included 53 patients in each group; four in the intervention group withdrew from the study. Treatment success was significantly more frequent in the MERM group (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30; P = 0.0322). There was no significant difference in the adherence outcomes; however, the percentage of patients who missed at least one dose and patients with more than 10% of total doses missed were lower in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The use of MERM in the second phase of treatment showed a significant improvement in the treatment success rate in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB. / National Institutes of Health / Revisión por pares

Die vorliegende Analyse diente dem Ziel, Krankheitsschwerpunkte bei Rindern in den Jahren 1968 bis 1999 aus der Sicht der Medizinischen Tierklinik, Leipzig, nach Häufigkeit, Rasse-, Alters-, Jahreszeit- und Geschlechtsdisposition, Behandlungsdauer sowie –erfolg aufzuzeigen. In dem genannten Zeitraum wurden 2295 Rinderpatienten gemäß der Daten in den Kliniktagebüchern unter Berücksichtigung der wechselnden gesellschaftlichen und Besitzverhältnisse ausgewertet. Im Analysezeitraum nahmen Infektionskrankheiten ab, manche, wie z.B. Leukose, Brucellose und Tuberkulose, verschwanden ganz. Auch die Puerperale Hämoglobinurie sowie die Rachitis werden nicht mehr beobachtet. Dafür stieg der Anteil Verdauungsstörungen durch die Dislocatio abomasi beträchtlich an.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infected TB patients, and identify factors associated with these outcomes. A quantitative cross-sectional analytic design was used. Patient level secondary data was collected and analysed for the study. A total of 575 TB patients, including 360 non-HIV infected, 169 HIV co-infected and 46 without a documented HIV status, were enrolled. The overall treatment success rate was 91.5%, and HIV co-infected TB patients had a high rate (11.8%) of unfavourable outcomes. The cure rate was significantly lower (10.1% versus 24.2%) and the death rate higher in HIV co-infected patients (8.3% versus 2.5%). Age and TB classification were significantly associated with treatment outcome. No association was found with starting ART, Cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment or enrolment in HIV care, but 22% of HIV co-infected TB patients were taking ART when they developed TB disease / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infected TB patients, and identify factors associated with these outcomes. A quantitative cross-sectional analytic design was used. Patient level secondary data was collected and analysed for the study. A total of 575 TB patients, including 360 non-HIV infected, 169 HIV co-infected and 46 without a documented HIV status, were enrolled. The overall treatment success rate was 91.5%, and HIV co-infected TB patients had a high rate (11.8%) of unfavourable outcomes. The cure rate was significantly lower (10.1% versus 24.2%) and the death rate higher in HIV co-infected patients (8.3% versus 2.5%). Age and TB classification were significantly associated with treatment outcome. No association was found with starting ART, Cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment or enrolment in HIV care, but 22% of HIV co-infected TB patients were taking ART when they developed TB disease / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)