A comprehensive review of the published work is presented on field, laboratory modelling and theoretical data relating to ground movements associated with trenchiess pipelaying techniques. Due to the similarities with convergent trenchiess techniques, soft ground tunnelling work is also reviewed. The factors that influence these ground movements are isolated and the ability to investigate these considered in terms of model tests. A test facility based on a l.5m long,l.5m high and l.Om wide steel tank has been developed and this is described together with the philosophy behind its use. The development of appropriate methods of simulating both pipejacking and pipebursting trenchiess techniques using the test facility, based on the installation of a 200mm diameter semicircular steel pipe section, are described. The use of a stereo-photogrammetry technique for the ground movement data acquisition is also reported and assessed. Three programmes of model tests were conducted: open shield pipejacking, closed shield pipejacking and pipebursting. The test programmes included investigations into the effects on the soil movements of variations in cover depth, overcut ratio (pipejacking tests), bursting ratio (pipebursting tests) and the effect of using different dry sands at different densities. From the photographs obtained during the tests, the sand displacements were determined in both the longitudinal and perpendicular planes to the pipe installation. These displacements allowed contour plots to be produced for the horizontal and vertical components of these displacements. This allowed the interaction of the various areas of sand movement to be appreciated, and the extents and magnitudes to be investigated for the changes in the factors made between each test. The extension of the results to other test conditions not directly investigated and also to the limited field data available, is made by using interpolation and extrapolation of graphical plots of the test data. These graphical plots also allowed trends in the data to be highlighted. This project involved a fundamental study of ground movements. However, guidance is given on how the results obtained from the tests can be used to determine the effects on adjacent services and structures. This is presented bearing in mind that the test results were for laboratory model simulations rather than prototype operations. Two simple theoretical analyses are described, one based on the error function curve and one using a fluid flow method. The error function analysis is used to predict ground movements in the perpendicular plane to the installation, while the fluid flow analysis, with dilation and compression capabilities, is developed to enable ground movements to be predicted in both the perpendicular and longitudinal planes. The analyses were applied to the laboratory model tests and the results correlated very well. The results of the laboratory model tests and the theoretical analyses developed, considerably extend the understanding and knowledge on the ground movements associated with trenchless pipelaying techniques.

No description available.

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is used around the world when traditional open cut methods are not practical or impossible for installing pipelines. Maxi-sized drill rigs are the largest and most powerful directional drills and are more common in the field than ever before with over 5,000 rigs in operation world wide. The complexity of installations and the design associated with them continues to increase. This research has two main objectives. 1. Develop a real time data acquisition system for monitoring pullback forces on the product pipe; and, 2. Compare data gathered using maxi-sized drill rigs with current modelling methods using BoreAid. The first portion of the research, as listed above, required attaching multiple pressure transducers to the drilling display panel in an American Auger DD-1100 drill rig and recording, in real time, the carriage, rotation, and mud pressure as seen by the operator. This research also describes the various challenges and issues associated with developing real time in-the-bore data acquisition processes. Finally, future recommendations for further development of the in-the-bore data acquisition are discussed. The second portion of this research describes how the gathered data was processed into a workable data set. The field data was then compared to theoretical models by using the drill assistant tool BoreAid. The results of this comparison show that these models are appropriate for all size drill rigs, although some limitations are present.

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is used around the world when traditional open cut methods are not practical or impossible for installing pipelines. Maxi-sized drill rigs are the largest and most powerful directional drills and are more common in the field than ever before with over 5,000 rigs in operation world wide. The complexity of installations and the design associated with them continues to increase. This research has two main objectives. 1. Develop a real time data acquisition system for monitoring pullback forces on the product pipe; and, 2. Compare data gathered using maxi-sized drill rigs with current modelling methods using BoreAid. The first portion of the research, as listed above, required attaching multiple pressure transducers to the drilling display panel in an American Auger DD-1100 drill rig and recording, in real time, the carriage, rotation, and mud pressure as seen by the operator. This research also describes the various challenges and issues associated with developing real time in-the-bore data acquisition processes. Finally, future recommendations for further development of the in-the-bore data acquisition are discussed. The second portion of this research describes how the gathered data was processed into a workable data set. The field data was then compared to theoretical models by using the drill assistant tool BoreAid. The results of this comparison show that these models are appropriate for all size drill rigs, although some limitations are present.

abstract: Trenchless technologies have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional open trench methods for installing underground pipelines and conduits. Pilot Tube Microtunneling, also referred to as the pilot tube system of microtunneling, guided auger boring, or guided boring method, is a recent addition to the family of trenchless installation methods. Pilot tube microtunneling originated in Japan and Europe, and was introduced to the United States in the year 1995 (Boschert 2007). Since then this methodology has seen increased utilization across North America particularity in municipal markets for the installation of gravity sewers. The primary reason contributing to the growth of pilot tube microtunneling is the technology's capability of installing pipes at high precision in terms of line and grade, in a wide range of ground conditions using relatively inexpensive equipment. The means and methods, applicability, capabilities and limitations of pilot tube microtunneling are well documented in published literature through many project specific case studies. However, there is little information on the macroscopic level regarding the technology and industry as a whole. With the increasing popularity of pilot tube microtunneling, there is an emerging need to address the above issues. This research effort surveyed 22 pilot tube microtunneling contractors across North America to determine the current industry state of practice with the technology. The survey examined various topics including contractor profile and experience; equipment, methods, and pipe materials utilized; and issues pertaining to project planning and construction risks associated with the pilot tube method. The findings of this research are based on a total of 450 projects completed with pilot tube microtunneling between 2006 and 2010. The respondents were diverse in terms of their experience with PTMT, ranging from two to 11 years. A majority of the respondents have traditionally provided services with other trenchless technologies. As revealed by the survey responses, PTMT projects grew by 110% between the years 2006 and 2010. It was found that almost 72% of the 450 PTMT projects completed between 2006 and 2010 by the respondents were for sanitary sewers. Installation in cobbles and boulders was rated as the highest risk by the contractors. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Construction 2011

Diploma thesis deals with using microtunneling method in Pardubice-city. Evaluate construction of sewer and assessing the posibilities of furthert use of this technology. The work include static assessment of jacking pipes. Mathematical modeling is used in software Plaxis 8.2.

The damaging impact of continuous utility cuts on flexible pavement performance has been shown to be a major problem for urban roads and pavement mangers due to high reconstruction and maintenance costs. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless construction method that does not require continuous trenching. HDD pipe installation techniques can reduce reinstatement costs, shorten construction periods, and lower social costs due to reduced user traffic delays. In this thesis, a detailed field study and numerical investigations was completed to quantify pavement deterioration and polyethylene (PE) pipe performance when pipelines are installed under flexible pavements using both traditional open-cut and HDD construction methods. Two 200mm SDR-17 DIPS HDPE pipes were installed 1.5m below a flexible pavement using open-cut and HDD construction technique. A state-of-the-art instrumentation and data acquisition systems were developed to measure HDD drill rig, PE pipes and pavement responses during pipe installations and for a period of about three years afterwards. Field data from (GPR) surveys, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests, surface distress surveys, and ground surface elevation survey were used to evaluate pavement deterioration due to the pipeline installations. The mechanisms of ground deformations during HDD and open-cut pipe installation were numerically investigated with FLAC3D, a commercial finite difference program. A hybrid constitutive model consisting of the traditional Duncan-Chang hyperbolic model and Mohr-Coulomb perfectly plastic model was developed and implemented in FLAC3D to simulate the non-linear stress-strain and stress dependent behavior of granular materials. Field test results show that the HDD installed pipe have significantly lower construction induced strains and ring deflections when compared to the open cut-and-cover installation and the mechanism of pipe deformation differs for the two construction techniques. The two pipes performed satisfactory over the long-term monitoring period as deflections and strain levels were below acceptable limits and there was no apparent deterioration of the pipe. Pipe deflections resulting from environmental effects (freeze and thaw) were found to be more significant than those due to material creep. Furthermore, the modified Iowa’s and Plastic Pipe Institute’s (PPI) ring deflection equations were found to over estimate pipe deflection for the open-cut and HDD installed pipes by about 114 and 50 percent, respectively. Results from field tests found that the HDD installation did not results in any observable change in the condition of the pavement structure performance, while the structure and integrity of pavement section in the vicinity of the open-cut was adversely impacted by utility cut excavation. It was determined numerically that when an unsupported excavation is created within a typical flexible pavement structure, distress zones that extend laterally from the face of the excavation to a distance of approximately 80% of the depth of excavation is developed. The results of the analyses suggests that better restoration techniques are required to eliminate the adverse effect caused by the stress relief within the pavement structure during a utility cut. Furthermore, the area of potential pavement deterioration should be extended beyond the edge of the utility cut to encompass the ‘distress zones’ when determining fees to cover pavement damage and restoration costs. Results obtained from numerical simulations advanced the understanding of the mechanism, magnitude, and extent of deformation within the pavement structure during HDD pipe installation in frictional and cohesive subgrade soils. Relationship between HDD annular bore pressures and displacements have been incorporated into design Charts and Tables for use in estimating maximum allowable bore pressures for HDD installation beneath flexible pavements. Critical bore pressures that would limit ground deformations and prevent excessive pavement deformations are presented. Critical bore pressures were compared to estimated allowable bore pressures obtained from the widely used Delft Geotechnics equation. The Delft Geotechnics equation was found to over estimate allowable bore pressure for HDD installation beneath flexible pavement. HDD pipeline installations under flexible pavement were found to have significantly lower restoration costs, social costs and maintenance cost than open-cut pipeline installations.

The damaging impact of continuous utility cuts on flexible pavement performance has been shown to be a major problem for urban roads and pavement mangers due to high reconstruction and maintenance costs. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless construction method that does not require continuous trenching. HDD pipe installation techniques can reduce reinstatement costs, shorten construction periods, and lower social costs due to reduced user traffic delays. In this thesis, a detailed field study and numerical investigations was completed to quantify pavement deterioration and polyethylene (PE) pipe performance when pipelines are installed under flexible pavements using both traditional open-cut and HDD construction methods. Two 200mm SDR-17 DIPS HDPE pipes were installed 1.5m below a flexible pavement using open-cut and HDD construction technique. A state-of-the-art instrumentation and data acquisition systems were developed to measure HDD drill rig, PE pipes and pavement responses during pipe installations and for a period of about three years afterwards. Field data from (GPR) surveys, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests, surface distress surveys, and ground surface elevation survey were used to evaluate pavement deterioration due to the pipeline installations. The mechanisms of ground deformations during HDD and open-cut pipe installation were numerically investigated with FLAC3D, a commercial finite difference program. A hybrid constitutive model consisting of the traditional Duncan-Chang hyperbolic model and Mohr-Coulomb perfectly plastic model was developed and implemented in FLAC3D to simulate the non-linear stress-strain and stress dependent behavior of granular materials. Field test results show that the HDD installed pipe have significantly lower construction induced strains and ring deflections when compared to the open cut-and-cover installation and the mechanism of pipe deformation differs for the two construction techniques. The two pipes performed satisfactory over the long-term monitoring period as deflections and strain levels were below acceptable limits and there was no apparent deterioration of the pipe. Pipe deflections resulting from environmental effects (freeze and thaw) were found to be more significant than those due to material creep. Furthermore, the modified Iowa’s and Plastic Pipe Institute’s (PPI) ring deflection equations were found to over estimate pipe deflection for the open-cut and HDD installed pipes by about 114 and 50 percent, respectively. Results from field tests found that the HDD installation did not results in any observable change in the condition of the pavement structure performance, while the structure and integrity of pavement section in the vicinity of the open-cut was adversely impacted by utility cut excavation. It was determined numerically that when an unsupported excavation is created within a typical flexible pavement structure, distress zones that extend laterally from the face of the excavation to a distance of approximately 80% of the depth of excavation is developed. The results of the analyses suggests that better restoration techniques are required to eliminate the adverse effect caused by the stress relief within the pavement structure during a utility cut. Furthermore, the area of potential pavement deterioration should be extended beyond the edge of the utility cut to encompass the ‘distress zones’ when determining fees to cover pavement damage and restoration costs. Results obtained from numerical simulations advanced the understanding of the mechanism, magnitude, and extent of deformation within the pavement structure during HDD pipe installation in frictional and cohesive subgrade soils. Relationship between HDD annular bore pressures and displacements have been incorporated into design Charts and Tables for use in estimating maximum allowable bore pressures for HDD installation beneath flexible pavements. Critical bore pressures that would limit ground deformations and prevent excessive pavement deformations are presented. Critical bore pressures were compared to estimated allowable bore pressures obtained from the widely used Delft Geotechnics equation. The Delft Geotechnics equation was found to over estimate allowable bore pressure for HDD installation beneath flexible pavement. HDD pipeline installations under flexible pavement were found to have significantly lower restoration costs, social costs and maintenance cost than open-cut pipeline installations.

Darbe analizuojama inžinerinių tinklų įrengimas horizontalaus valdomo gręžimo metodu. Pirmiausia pateikiama literatūros apžvalga, kurioje aptariami veiksniai, lemiantys žemės kasimo darbus. Aprašomas atviras žemės kasimo būdas, kuris dažniausiai naudojamas atliekant žemės kasimo darbus. Aptariamos betranšėjės technologijos, kurios naudojamos kaip alternatyva atviram žemės kasimo būdui specifinėse vietose. Tyrimo metodikoje ir organizavime dalyje pateikiami gręžimo darbų projektai bei jų analizės, gręžimo darbų pasirengimo etapai, gręžimo mašinų ir kitos įrangos, naudojamos tyrime, charakteristikos. Aptariami gręžimo mašinų parinkimo metodai konkrečiam gręžimui ir aprašomi gręžimo darbai. Tyrimų rezultatų analizės dalyje pateikiama gręžimo mašinų charakteristikų analizė bei pasirinktų trijų gręžimų ,,Kryptinio gręžimo matavimo protokolai“ bei pagal juos sudaryti išilginiai gręžimo profiliai. Pateikiamos tyrimo išvados ir rekomendacijos dėl inžinerinių tinklų įrengimo horizontalaus valdomo gręžimo metodu. / The paper analyzes the engineering networks in horizontal directional drilling method. Firstly there is the literature review, which discusses the factors that determine the excavation. Describe the open method of excavating the land, which is mainly used in the excavation. Discussed in trenchless technology, which are used as an alternative way of moving to an open ground in specific areas. The study methodology and the organization of the work submitted for drilling projects, and their analysis, the preparation stages of drilling, drilling machines and other equipment used in the study, characteristics. Considered boring machine selection methods described in the particular drilling and boring work. Research results presented in the analysis of drilling machines and the analysis of selected characteristics of the three drilling, directional drilling measurement protocols, and to set them up under the longitudinal drilling profiles. Presented the study findings and recommendations of the engineering networks in horizontal directional drilling method.

Polymer pipes, typically high density polyethylene (HDPE), can be pulled-into-place, avoiding traditional cut-and-cover construction, using pipe bursting and horizontal directional drilling (HDD) pipe installation techniques. Of particular interest, are the ground displacements, induced by cavity expansion, associated with these techniques and the strains that develop in existing pipes in response to these displacements. Further, the axial stress-strain response of the new HDPE pipe during and after the cyclic pulling force history required to pull the pipe into place is of interest. Surface displacements and strains in an adjacent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe induced by static pipe bursting were measured during the replacement of a new unreinforced concrete pipe. For the pipe bursting geometry tested, the maximum vertical surface displacement measured at the ground surface was 6 mm, while the distribution of vertical surface displacements extended no more than 2 m on either side of the centreline. The maximum longitudinal strain measured in the PVC pipe was less than 0.1% and its vertical diameter decreased by only 0.5%, suggesting that pipe bursting did not jeopardize the long-term performance of the water pipe tested. In addition, results from identical stress relaxation and creep tests performed on whole pipe samples and coupons trimmed from a pipe wall were compared, and these demonstrated that the coupons exhibited higher modulus than the pipe samples. Therefore, isolated pipe samples, as opposed to coupons, were tested to quantify the stress-strain response of HDPE pipe during the simulated installation, strain recovery, and axial restraint stages of HDD. Axial strains were found to progressively accumulate when an HDPE pipe sample was subjected to the cyclic stress history used to simulate an HDD installation. It was shown that existing linear and nonlinear viscoelastic models can serve as predictive design tools for estimating the cyclic strain history of HDPE pipe during installation. For the specific conditions examined, the tensile axial stresses redeveloped in the pipe samples, once restrained, were not large enough to lead to long-term stress conditions conducive to slow crack growth even when the short-term performance limits were exceeded by a factor of 1.5. / Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-04-01 18:19:24.434