With global emission regulations becoming stringent, development of new combustion technologies that meet future emission regulations is essential. In this vein, this dissertation presents the application of sensitive diagnostic tools to validate and improve chemical kinetic mechanisms that play a fundamental role in the design of new combustion technologies. First, a novel high sensitivity laser-based sensor with a wide frequency tuning range (900 – 1000 cm-1) was developed utilizing pulsed cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The novel laser-based sensor was illustrated by measuring trace amounts of multiple combustion intermediates, namely ethylene, propene, allene, and 1-butene in a static cell at ambient conditions. Subsequently, pulsed CRDS technique was utilized to develop an ultra-fast, high sensitivity diagnostic to monitor trace concentrations of ethylene in shock tube pyrolysis experiments. This diagnostic represented the first ever successful application of CRDS technique to transient species measurements in a shock tube. The high sensitivity and fast time response (10μs) diagnostic may be utilized for measuring other key neutrals and radicals which are crucial in the oxidation chemistry of practical fuels. Secondly, a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) was employed to measure relative cation mole fractions in atmospheric and low-pressure (30 Torr) flames of methane/oxygen diluted in argon. Lean, stoichiometric and rich flames were 4 examined to evaluate the dependence of ion chemistry on flame stoichiometry. Spatial distribution of cations was compared with predictions of an existing ion chemistry model. Based on the extensive measurements carried out in this work, modifications were suggested to improve the ion chemistry model to enhance the fidelity of such mechanisms. In-depth understanding of flame ion chemistry is vital to model the interaction of flames with electric fields and thereby pave the way to enable active combustion control for increased efficiency and reduced emissions. Finally, a compact fast time-response time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was coupled to the shock tube through a pin-hole end-wall to enable timeresolved species concentration measurements. This diagnostic tool was demonstrated by investigating the decomposition of 1,3,5-trioxane over a wide range of shock conditions. Reaction rate coefficients were extracted by the best fit to the experimentally measured species time-histories. TOF-MS coupled to the shock tube is an ideal diagnostic tool for developing kinetic mechanisms for future fuels due to its ability to simultaneously measure several species during fuel pyrolysis/oxidation processes.

This work deals with problems related with detection and measuring of the ionisated radiation. First part of this work is devoted to theoretical problems of detection, particulary to measuring with Geiger Muller tubes. Second part of the work contains proposal of electronical circuit using Geiger Muller tube as well as description of results experimentally acquired while using the detector, which was manufactured according to the proposed scheme. On the basis of those results it appears that proposed apparatus can be used for significant indication range extension.

At present, people already fully aware of how expensive it is energy dependence on fossil fuels. Trying to reduce this dependence goes hand in hand with environmental limits, which restrict the production of dangerous compounds. Biomass is a fuel that does not create large amounts of sulfur and carbon dioxide generated during combustion is in a closed cycle. Different types of biomass have different calorific value, and therefore different demands on the quantity needed to produce MWh. It is therefore necessary to choose the fuel with regard to the availability of in the site.

This diploma thesis contains three parts. The first part is a background research which deals with notions such as cavitation and cyanobacteria. It also contains current phase in the use of cavitation. The second part deals with design, composition and constructional solution of hydraulic circuit on the riverboat. The third part deals with experimental certification of the cavitation effect on the cyanobacteria in the water. Design of the riverboat with the hydraulic circuit including the circuit itself and the cavitation tube was created in SolidWorks program, calculations, it’s processing and graphs were created in Microsoft Excel.

his thesis deals with the problems of cavitation flow in a Venturi tube. It is made for a multi-phase (water-vapour) flow calculation of two geometry tubes. Results of numerical calculations for the flow geometry (dimensions) are compared with performed experiment. Numerical flow calculation was performed in the Fluent 2.3.26.

Propose of this thesis is designing production technology of reducing part of tube. The production of requested part is designed on the base of calculations and simulation in one operation. This operation contains widening and squeezing. There is designed on the base of calculations a tool fixed in hydraulic press ZHW 40 for the production. To prepare a semi-product is used cutting by slitting saw.

Diploma thesis deals with design and exploration of installation in the draft tube of the swirl turbine. Use of the draft tube is defined in the first part, with illustration of energetical gain and efficiency of draft tube. Further the suitable shape of draft tube is studied by CFD computing. Design, research and evaluation of installation in the draft tube are solved in the main part.

The aim of this master’s thesis is the optimal design of swirl turbines for small water power plant. It is described a different possibilities of turbine‘s install for locality Vrchlabí. It presents a design of turbines and draft tubes. For the installation of turbines is computed theoretical production of annual electric energy. Furthermore it describes a design of supply channel and intake structure.

Master s thesis is focused on flaring of tubes endings. There are also mentioned theoretical pieces of knowledge which relate to tubes endings by a flat edge and a cone. The following experiments performed with the own material and tools made by the author s design. Experiments in the production of the flat collar led to the speedy rotation of the sample ending. Experiments with the conical ending brought valuable results from the point of view of comparison of theoretical and measured powers, distribution of thicknesses and utilization of the deformation web to set voltage-deformation state. The dimension excent of the conical ending was limited by the formation of buckling in the cylindrical part of the tube.

The thesis is focused on expanding the ends of the tubes made of 1.4031 material into a cone shape for quasi-static and dynamic conditions. The aim of the research is the analysis of stress-strain condition in the area formed under the process conditions. As a technology test for expanding tubes is used a method of pushing the tube at a stationary mandrel and deformation measurement was done by 3D optical system ARAMIS. In the thesis is described in detail an experiment carried out under quasi-static conditions, the results of which yielded interesting findings. In the framework of the present study were designed and detailed engineering design and production tools designed for experimental realization of technological tests for quasi-static and dynamic conditions. Exploration in terms of the behavior of tube under dynamic conditions forming in this thesis is carried out in phase functional verification tools. The analysis of the forming process is planned in the framework of the next thesis.