This diploma thesis describes design of a new shape of the draft tube for small hydro Katovice with maintaining built dimension. First part of this thesis is devoted to the formulation of the problem, description of basic function of the draft tube, its efficiency and other formulas. In the second part of this thesis the analysis is made for original design supported by CFD calculation. Furthermore a new design of the draft tube is made with comparison of original draft tube.

This thesis describes about theoretical design and practical realization of self-contained module for intensity and absorbed dose measuring of X-Radiation from High Voltage X-RAY industrial sources. In the first part, thesis is focused on ways and solutions of radiation protection and principles of measuring absorbed dose and intensity of radiation and possibilities of sending measured data through sensor networks. In the second part, the complete schematic of measuring module is solved, critical blocks are tested and design of PCB is done. Detection circuit, blocks for optical and acoustic signaling, power management and control of the entire device are designed. Detection circuit uses a GM Tube. Next, main box of whole device is designed and made by 3D printing technology. The next step is putting hardware into operation and writing test firmware included verification of wireless communication through WiFi.

This thesis is based on the series of scholarly article dedicated to the issue of pumping in the differential scanning chamber of an environmental scanning microscope. The thesis is based on Danilatos’s study where the pumping of the differential pumped chamber is solved by means of the Monte Carlo statistical method. The thesis analyzes gas flow in the experimental chamber using the Pipot tube. The analyses will be used for the design of the experimental chamber which will serve for the experimental evaluation of the flow results in the chamber using the continuum mechanics.

Fouling of tube bundles in boilers on the flue gas side affects not only the service life, but also the boiler heat output and increases maintenance and operating costs. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize or completely eliminate this process. This thesis focuses on comparison of the service life and the heat output of the tube bundles with and without deposit in the coal fired boiler. Simulations of flue gas flow in area of tube bundles with and without deposit are performed using ANSYS Fluent software, which shows that the surface of tube bundles with deposit is much less heated than the surface without deposit. The thermal loads of tubes obtained by the CFD analysis are applied to the model, which is created in the program ANSYS Mechanical, where the calculation of the temperature field in the cross section of the pipe is realized. The effect of fouling on creep life and heat output is then evaluated based on simulation results. The results show that fouling increases creep life, but significantly reduces heat output of heavily fouled tubes. Hence the flue gas flows at a higher temperature to the rest of the tube bundle, and the service life of those tubes will therefore probably decrease.

The master thesis deals with the design and manufacture of tabbed joint in the profile with a square cross section using laser cutting. They examine their suitability and impact on the following MAG welding operation in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The theoretical part provides basic information about lasers used in industry and laser cutting methods. There is also a section dedicated to laser apparatus for tube cutting along with problematic about the laser cutting profiles. The experimental part describes the procedure of designing tabbed joint, making samples and measuring them. In the end, the individual samples are compared in terms of angular deflection after welding. The thesis also contains a technical-economic evaluation, where the costs of individual operations are quantified.

This master's thesis deals with simulation of vortex structure which is created in the draft tube of Francis turbine, at part load flow conditions. The main objective is to get the most accurate results from the calculations, using the student license of Ansys Fluent 19.1. The results from the calculations are compared with the experiment under the Francis-99 project. Mainlly in terms of dynamic properties of vortex rope – aplitude and frequency of pressure pulsations. Additionaly the time-averaged velocity profiles are compared. I used the test-case provided by NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology under the Francis-99 workshop series.

This diploma thesis deals with a defect detection with X-rays in the manufacturing procedure in the electrotechnical field. The work summarises the knowledge about technical possibilities of an X-ray device Cougar of YXlon company. Part of the work is focusing on scanning in 2D, 3D visualization and automatic analysis. The thesis describes inspection methods of a connector connection, the quality of a soldered joint and an encapsulated product.

This master’s thesis deals with CFD simulation of spiral vortex structure in the diffuser of swirl generator. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate influence of change in diffuser opening angle on frequency and amplitude of pressure pulsation. All results are compared in charts which shows courses of frequencies and amplitudes along the diffuser. Two different turbulence models and several types of mesh were tested

Shell and tube heat exchangers and their use in cooling processes are the major topic of this thesis. The theoretical part of the thesis starts with the mechanisms of heat transfer and then deals with shell and tube heat exchangers. Their position, design specifications and equations for calculations are given. In the experimental part, the heat transfer on semi-operating shell and tube heat exchangers with baffles and glass or silicon carbide heat exchange surface is examined by cooling the humid air by 50% propylene glycol in tubes. For four or five coolant flows and three airflows, input and output flow temperatures including relative air humidity were measured. Differences in exchanged heat between the exchangers were negligible due to the low local air heat transfer coefficient, although silicon carbide has two orders of magnitude better thermal conductivity than glass. Much higher efficiency was performed by the carbide heat exchanger because the difference between air outlet temperature and liquid inlet temperature was one and half times higher for the glass heat exchanger. That was reflected in a decrease in mean temperature difference, which resulted in a 16 % higher experimental heat transfer coefficient compared with the glass surface. The theoretical model using the j factor, the correction factors for the baffles, and the correction for air humidity condensation have proven to be appropriate. For the glass surface, for the highest air flow rates the model gives an appropriate heat-transfer coefficient; at lower flow rates it gives slightly higher values. For the silicon carbide surface, it gives a lower heat-transfer coefficient because the model failed to consider a lower mean temperature difference. The results also evaluate the heat loss through the shell and the heat exchanged in addition by air humidity condensation.

This thesis deals with propagation of pressure and flow pulsations, which are strongly affected by the tube flexibility. There are two mathematic models introduced, which are derived from basic physical relations. First model assumes velocity only in the axis direction. Second one assumes also non-zero radial velocity. Kelvin-Voigt model for viscoelasticity was used. Furthermore, experimental measurement was designed and evaluated. Measured data was used to calculate material properties. In addition, dynamic transfer was determined.