Diploma thesis "Gender and manpower in production companies in the Chomutov region" is focused on historically and sociologically oriented research of employment of men and women in production companies in the Chomutov region over last 50 and 70 years respectively. The main aspects which are included in the theoretical part of this work are gender relations in the production companies, that is the history of the employment of women, horizontal and vertical gender segregation including wages and salaries and employee education. The analyzed data are from the period of mid 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century and focus primarily on the production companies of The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill and their current successor Sandvik. By means of data analysis, the methodical part of the thesis describes differences and changes which have ocurred in the horizon of last 50 and 70 years in the manpower employment in production companies with respect to gender. KEYWORDS Gender, Feminism, Manpower, Socialism, The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill, Production, Chomutov

The purpose of the study was to identify factors associated with the delay in the initiation of breastfeeding to premature infants before discharge from hospital. The need for this research is evident in the current practice of feeding premature infants after a nasogastric tube is removed. The study sought to provide answers to delayed initiation of breastfeeding to premature infants before discharge from hospital. Fifty members of staff in the Sick Neonate Unit and 50 mothers of premature infants participated in the study. Self-administered data collection instruments were used to collect data from mothers of premature infants and staff of a Sick Neonate Unit in the hospital. The results showed that sociodemographic factors of staff 15 (f=30%) were 31-40 years old, and young nursing staff have decreased knowledge of breastfeeding as compared to senior and older staff members. Maternal demographic factors 36 (f=73.5%) were single and 13 (f=26.5) were married. Married mothers were more likely to breastfeed with the support of the partner than unmarried mothers. Health service factors staff views towards breastfeeding were 11(f=22.0% staff members were neutral about breastfeeding, and Eighteen (f=36.0%) staff members strongly disagreed to other methods of infant feeding. Maternal breastfeeding knowledge was one of the factors under maternal breastfeeding factors because it showed that 48 mothers (f=98.0%) did not have breastfeeding knowledge. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Bakgrund: Syrgas används liberalt hos vuxna endotrakealt intuberade patienter peroperativt för att ge en skyddande marginal mot livshotande hypoxi. Ett överskott av syrgas kan dock öka risken för allvarliga biverkningar med en potentiellt negativ påverkan på både morbiditet och mortalitet. Vilken mängd syrgas som skall användas peroperativt är en omdiskuterad fråga i forskningsvärlden där RCT och metaanalys-studier kommer med motstridiga uppgifter om vad som faktiskt är det optimala oxygenmålet peroperativt. Motiv: Det finns meningsskiljaktigheter kring peroperativ oxygenering där nuvarande forskning om vad som är det optimala för patienten skiljer sig från studie till studie. Författarna av denna studie anser att det behövs en djupare förståelse av den ansvariga anestesisjuksköterskans erfarenheter och tankar kring peroperativ oxygenering, framförallt då det saknas evidens att luta sig mot. Syfte: Att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors tankar och erfarenheter av peroperativ oxygenering hos vuxna endotrakealt intuberade patienter. Metod: Individuella semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med anestesisjuksköterskor (n=10) på två olika sjukhus i mellansverige. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att bearbeta och analysera datan. Resultat: Analysen genererade tre huvudkategorier; En snäv balansgång - Att undvika hypoxi och hyperoxi, Upprätthållande av en patientsäker ventilation är ett mål och Vad är den optimala FiO2-nivån? En vilja om att arbeta evidensbaserat. Konklusion: Det är en pågående debatt internationell om vad den optimala målnivån av peroperativ FiO2 är. Med anledning av det oklara evidensläget visade det sig att anestesisjuksköterskorna arbetar efter beprövad erfarenhet när peroperativ FiO2 ställs in till patienten. De målnivåer av FiO2 som anestesisjuksköterskorna använder innehåller en säkerhetsmarginal för hypoxi och hänsyn tas till patientens sjuklighet. Rutinmässig hyperoxi förekommer inte och höga nivåer FiO2 likställs med ökad risk för komplikationer. Vidare forskning inom ämnet behövs som stöttning för patientansvarig anestesisjuksköterska i dess dagliga arbete. / Background: Oxygen is used liberally in adult endotracheal intubated patients intraoperative to provide a protective margin against life-threatening hypoxia. A surplus of oxygen can however increase the risk of serious side effects with a potentially increased long-term mortality. The use of oxygen intraoperative is a highly debated question in the scientific community, where RCT and metaanalysis studies are producing contradictory results about what the optimal oxygenation target intraoperative really is. Motive: There is a disagreement about intraoperative oxygenation where the current evidence about what the optimal target for the patient really is; this varies from study to study. The authors of this study thereby consider that there is a need for a deeper understanding of the responsible nurse anesthetist’s experiences and thoughts on intraoperative oxygenation; above all when there is no definitive evidence to lean on. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurse anesthetists’ thoughts and experiences of intraoperative oxygenation at adult patients who are endotracheal intubated. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurse anesthetists (n=10) at two different hospitals in the middle of Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to process the data. Result: The analysis generated three main categories; A narrow balancing act – To avoid hypoxia and hyperoxia, Maintaining patient-safe ventilation is a goal and What is the optimal level of FiO2? A desire to work evidence-based. Conclusion: There is an ongoing debate internationally about what the optimal target level of intraoperative FiO2 is. Due to the unclear state of evidence, it turned out that the nurse anesthetists work after proven experience when intraoperative FiO2 is set for the patient. The target levels of FiO2 used by the nurse anesthetists contain a margin of safety for hypoxia and the patient's morbidity is taken into account. Routine hyperoxia does not occur and high levels of FiO2 are equated with an increased risk of complications. Further research is needed in the subject to support the nurse anesthetists responsible for the patient in their daily work.

Object of this master´s thesis is the design of a hangar. Ground plan dimensions are 30x60m. Vertical cleareance is 11m, overall height is 15.3m. The structure is designed for the lokality of Ostrava. The structure is held by 60m long pipe tube truss of triangular shape. The main girdle is a tube 356x20mm. The truss girder is embedded on both sides on columns composed from HEB 300. There are trusses attached to this main girder each 6m

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Interferenser i klinisk kemi uppstår när en substans stör mätningen av olika komponenter i urin, cerebrospinalvätska och blod, vilket påverkar mätresultatet. Exempel på interferenser inkluderar hemolys, lipemi och ikterus. Hemolys kan orsakas både in vivo och in vitro, men in vitro är betydligt vanligare. Faktorer som påverkar in vitro hemolys inkluderar rörpost, provtagningsteknik och olika sjukdomar. Rörposttransport används för att transportera olika material, inklusive prov, till olika avdelningar på sjukhuset. Hemolys kan påverka analysen av vissa analyter som normalt förekommer i hög koncentration intracellulärt, exempelvis aspartataminotransferas (ASAT), laktatdehydrogena (LD) och kalium.   Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om rörtransportsystemet på Universitetssjukhuset Örebro (USÖ) påverkar analysresultatet av kaliumprover och om förekomsten av hemolys ökade i kaliumprover som transporterades med rörpost. Studien utfördes med hjälp av direkt och indirekt potentiometrisk jonselektiv elektrodmetod (ISE) för att analysera nivåerna av kalium i plasma, samt spektrofotometri för att kvantifiera graden av hemolys i 129 prover som insamlades på akutmottagningen vid Universitetssjukhuset Örebro (USÖ). Ingen kliniskt relevant skillnad i hemolys eller kaliumkoncentration kunde påvisas i prover som transporterats med rörpost i jämförelse med manuell transport till laboratoriet. Rörposttransport är en kostnadseffektiv och snabb transportmetod och för de skillnader som observerades mellan transportmetoderna i denna studie bör andra faktorer som högre gravitationskraft och olika sjukdomstillstånd också beaktas. / Interference in clinical chemistry refers to a substance that disrupts the measurement of various components in urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood, affecting the obtained results. Hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus are examples of interferences. Hemolysis is caused by both in vivo and in vitro factors, but in vitro hemolysis is more common. Hemolysis affects analytes such as potassium, aspartaminotransferas (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD). This study aimed to investigate whether the tube transport system at USÖ affects the analysis results of potassium.   129 samples were collected and each sample was divided into two portions a and b, sample a was then transported by tube and b manually. Samples were analyzed for hemolysis, potassium, and sodium using ion-selective electrode (ISE) methods. No clinically relevant difference in hemolysis or potassium concentration could be demonstrated in samples transported by pneumatic tube compared to manual transport to the laboratory. The use of tube transport is cost-effective and rapid despite the small difference observed, it should still be used.   In conclusion, while hemolysis can affect analytes, the observed difference between tube and manual transport in this study had no clinical significance. Other factors such as different G- forces and disease states may have played a role in explaining divergent results.

When operating an aircraft, inaccurate measurements can have devastating consequences. For example, when measuring airspeed using a pitot tube, icing effects and other faults can result in erroneous measurements. Therefore, this master thesis aims to create an alternative method which utilizes known flight mechanical equations and sensor fusion to create an estimate of the airspeed during flight. For validation and generation of flight data, a simulation model developed by SAAB AB, called ARES, is used.  Two models are used to describe the aircraft behavior. One of which is called the dynamic model and utilizes forces acting upon the aircraft body in the equations of motion. The other model, called the kinematic model, instead describes the motion with accelerations of the aircraft body. The measurements used are the angle of attack (AoA), side-slip angle (SSA), GPS velocities, and angular rates from an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The dynamic model assumes that engine thrust and aerodynamic coefficients are already estimated to calculate resulting forces, meanwhile the kinematic model instead uses body fixed accelerations from the IMU. These models are combined with filters to create estimations of the airspeed. The filters used are the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). These are combined with the two models to create in total four methods to estimate the airspeed.  The results show no major difference in the performance between the filters except for computational time, for which the EKF has the fastest. Further, the result show similar airspeed estimation performance between the models, but differences can be seen. The kinematic model manages to estimate the wind with higher details and to converge faster, compared to the dynamic model. Both models suffer from an observability problem. This problem entails that the aircraft needs to be maneuvered to excite the AoA and SSA in order for the estimation methods to evaluate the wind, which is crucial for accurate airspeed estimation. The robustness of the dynamic model regarding errors in engine thrust and aerodynamic coefficients are also researched, which shows that the model is quite robust against errors in these values.

This study numerically examines the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of finned tube heat exchangers with staggered and inline tube layout for a range of tube pitch. The first part of the thesis considers the case where the heat exchanger is placed in fully ducted airflow. The simulations indicate that the performance reduced considerably for the staggered tube layout with an increase in the tube pitch, but a minimal difference for the inline tube arrangement. The effects of other geometrical parameters like fin pitch and the number of tube rows are then presented. Finally, a correlation for fin and tube heat exchangers with inline tube layout is proposed based on 280 simulations for 70 different configurations. The proposed heat transfer correlation can describe the database within ±8% discrepancy while the friction factor correlation can correlate the dataset within a ±10% discrepancy. The mean deviations for heat transfer and friction factor correlations are 4.3% and 5.4%. An important factor that influences the performance of flat plate and finned tube heat exchangers is when there is bypass flow around the heat exchanger. The next section of this thesis numerically investigates the partially ducted inline fin and tube heat exchanger with side bypass. The effects of the side clearance and the Reynolds number on the heat transfer and the pressure drop performance of the heat exchanger are presented. The simulations indicate that the heat transfer performance depreciates by more than 25% for infinite side clearance. The study then compares the pressure difference observed for entry, exit and the friction pressure drop with the various correlations available in the literature. Finally, the heat transfer and pressure drop performance for staggered and inline tube layouts are compared. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Dynamic actin remodeling is at the core of a number of fundamental cellular processes in a variety of organisms ranging from animal neuronal outgrowth to pollen tube growth during plant reproduction and asymmetrical cell division in budding yeast. Such dynamism results from a concerted effort of a number of temporally and spatially regulated actin binding proteins. The polymerization and depolymerization of elaborate F-actin networks takes place by the addition and removal of actin subunits at the two filament ends with each end possessing distinct properties, making the filaments themselves polar structures with a fast growing “barbed end” and a slow growing “pointed end”. Although actin polymerization at the barbed end is an efficient and favorable process, the initial filament nucleation step is a much more inefficient and thermodynamically unfavorable process requiring the need for a variety of actin nucleating proteins. These nucleating proteins not only determine the precise location of actin assembly at the cell membrane during polarized cell growth but also directly control the number of force producing filaments. Here we have concentrated our efforts in characterizing a number of Arabidopsis thaliana , Group I membrane bound, formin homologues AFH1, AFH5, AFH6, AFH7, AFH8 and AFH11 using a range of functional genomics tools. Consequently we have shown that AFH5 is a pollen expressed actin nucleating protein localized at the tip of the polarized tube. Genetic alterations of the AFH5 gene using T-DNA gene knockout and gene overexpression both show distinct deformities at the tip of the rapidly growing pollen tube leading to inefficient fertilization during plant reproduction and reduced silique length. In the tip growing root hair cells of Arabidopsis the afh5 mutants show a wavy and bulgy phenotype at the hypocotyl region while the afh1 mutants project branched, split root hairs along the primary root. Although our results do indicate that AFH1 and AFH5 are expressed in the polarized pollen tubes and root hairs their, expression and hence activity is spatially controlled and restricted to different parts of the cell.